Logarithm - Aptitude MCQ Questions and Solutions with Explanations

Answer: Option C

$$\eqalign{ & \log \left( {{4^9} \times {5^{17}}} \right) \cr & = \log \left( {{4^9}} \right) + \log \left( {{5^{17}}} \right) \cr & = \log \left( {{2^2}} \right)9 + \log \left( {{5^{17}}} \right) \cr & = \log \left( {{2^{18}}} \right) + \log \left( {{5^{17}}} \right) \cr & = 18\log 2 + 17\log 5 \cr & = 18\log 2 + 17\left( {\log 10 - \log 2} \right) \cr & = 18\log 2 + 17\log 10 - 17\log 2 \cr & = \log 2 + 17\log 10 \cr & = 0.3010 + 17 \times 1 = 17.3010 \cr & \therefore {\text{characteristic}} = 17, \cr & {\text{Hence, the number of digits in }}\left( {{4^9} \times {5^{17}}} \right) = 18 \cr} $$

Answer: Option C

In arithmetic progression common ratio are equal to
$$\eqalign{ & \log \left( {{3^x} - 2} \right) - \log 3 \cr & = \log \left( {{3^x} + 4} \right) - \log \left( {{3^x} - 2} \right) \cr & = \frac{{\log \left( {{3^x} - 2} \right)}}{{\log 3}} \cr} $$
$$ = \frac{{\log \left( {{3^x} + 4} \right)}}{{\log \left( {{3^x} - 2} \right)}}$$   $$\left( {\therefore \log a - \log b = \log \frac{a}{b}} \right)$$
$$\eqalign{ & = \frac{{\log {3^x}}}{{\log 2\log 3}} \cr & = \frac{{x\log 3\log 4\log 2}}{{x\log 3}} \cr & = \frac{{x\log 3}}{{\log 2\log 3}} \cr & = \frac{{x\log 3\log 4\log 2}}{{x\log 2}} \cr & = \frac{x}{{\log 2}} \cr & = \log 4\log 2 \cr & \Rightarrow x = \log 4\log \,2\log 2 \cr & \Rightarrow x = \log 8 \cr & \Rightarrow x = \log {2^3} \cr} $$

Answer: Option A

$$\eqalign{ & {\text{Given}}, \cr & {\log _{10}}a = p,\,{\log _{10}}b = q \cr & {\log _{10}}\left( {{a^p}{b^q}} \right) = {\log _{10}}{a^p} + {\log _{10}}{b^q} \cr & = p{\log _{10}}a + q{\log _{10}}b \cr & = {p^2} + {q^2} \cr} $$