131.
For the following two statements of Assertion (A) and Reason (R) suggest the correct answer.
Assertion (A) Low initial price regarded as the principal means for entering into mass market for some new products.
Reason (R) Firms generally enter into production of new products with excess capacity of the plant initially.

132.
Match the items of List I with that of List II and suggest the correct answer.
List-I (Pricing Strategies) List-II (Explanations)
a. Customary pricing 1. Ending a price with 99 paise
b. Skimming 2. Pricing a product based on perceived expectations of customers
c. Penetration pricing 3. Setting a high price which gradually reduces as competitors enter the market
d. Psychological pricing 4. Setting a low price for a new product during its intitial offering

133.
Which one of the following attributes of advertising regarding launching of a new product calls for spending all the advertising budget in a single period?

135.
Which of the following is helpful in deciding advertising budget?
1. Stage in the Product Life Cycle
2. Market share and consumer base
3. Competition in the market
4. Advertising frequency
5. Product sustainability
Select the correct answer:

136.
Which of the following is not an Economic factor?
1. Gross National Product
2. Per Capita Income
3. Balance of Payment Position
4. Fiscal Policies and Prime Rate of Interest Charged to Commercial Banks.
5. Trends in the Price of goods and services.

137.
Assertion (A) The perceived risk of operating a domestic firm in international environment is much higher.
Reason (R) The international environment is more volatile and the domestic firm generally does not have full information about the environment.

139.
When a firm improves the quality and increases the price of a product in relation to a competitor making a price reduction, the firm is . . . . . . . .

140.
Match the following.
List-I (Thinkers) List-II (Contribution)
a. Mason and Rath 1. Marketing and Distribution
b. Condiff and still 2. Basic Marketing
c. William J. Stanton 3. Fundamental of Marketing
d. James Stephenson 4. Principles and Practice of Commerce
5. Costing

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