21. Identify the character-based method(s) used for the construction of a phylogenetic tree.
P. Maximum parsimony
Q. Neighbor joining
R. Maximum likelihood
S. Bootstrapping
P. Maximum parsimony
Q. Neighbor joining
R. Maximum likelihood
S. Bootstrapping
22. An example of a program for constructing a phylogenetic tree
23. Amino acid sequences of cytochrome c and ribulose 5-phosphate epimerase from 40 organisms were chosen and phylogenetic trees were obtained for each of these two protein families.
Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion [A] and the Reason [R].
Assertion [A]: The two trees will not be identical.
Reason [R]: The nature and frequency of mutations in the two families are different.
Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion [A] and the Reason [R].
Assertion [A]: The two trees will not be identical.
Reason [R]: The nature and frequency of mutations in the two families are different.
24. Match the items in Group I with an appropriate description in Group II.
Group I
Group II
P. UPGMA
1. Protein sequence database
Q. CLUSTAL
2. Phylogenetic analysis
R. SWISS-PROT
3. 3-D structure visualization
S. RasMol
4. Multiple sequence alignment
| Group I | Group II |
| P. UPGMA | 1. Protein sequence database |
| Q. CLUSTAL | 2. Phylogenetic analysis |
| R. SWISS-PROT | 3. 3-D structure visualization |
| S. RasMol | 4. Multiple sequence alignment |