Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Option1: referential integrity constraints.
Referential integrity constraints ensure that relationships between tables are maintained and that any changes made to data do not result in orphaned records. However, referential integrity constraints do not directly address the issue of undesirable consequences that can arise from changing data in a relation.
Option2: modification anomalies.
Modification anomalies refer to the undesirable consequences that can occur when data is inserted, updated, or deleted in a relation. These anomalies can include insertion anomalies, update anomalies, and deletion anomalies, which can lead to inconsistencies and errors in the database.
Option3: normal forms.
Normal forms are a set of guidelines for designing relational databases to minimize redundancy and dependency issues. While normalizing a relation can help reduce the risk of modification anomalies, it does not directly address the consequences that can arise from changing data in a relation.
Option4: transitive dependencies.
Transitive dependencies occur when a non-prime attribute is functionally dependent on another non-prime attribute in a relation. While transitive dependencies can lead to data redundancy and inconsistency, they are not directly related to the undesirable consequences that can result from changing data in a relation.
In conclusion, the correct answer is
Option2: modification anomalies. This option best describes the undesirable consequences that can occur when data is changed in a relation, leading to anomalies such as insertion, update, and deletion anomalies.
