51. For casting a cylindrical aluminum bloom having a length of 1000 mm and diameter of 700 mm. the approximate solidification time (in minutes) estimated using Chvorinov's rule is
52. The shrinkage allowance for zinc is . . . . . . . . mm.
53. Riser is not required for the casting of
54. Assertion 'a': During casting of aluminium, grain refinement can be achieved by addition of certain alloying elements.
Reason 'r': The addition of the alloying elements may result in the formation of deoxidation products or intermetallic compounds which may act as nucleation sites for grain refinement.
Reason 'r': The addition of the alloying elements may result in the formation of deoxidation products or intermetallic compounds which may act as nucleation sites for grain refinement.