11.
In an ionic crystal if the valancies of cation and anion are VC and VA and the coordination numbers of cation and anions are Nc and NA respectively, then the necessary condition for obtaining a stable crystal structure is

12.
In a binary system A-B, εAA, εBB and εAB correspond to A-A, B-B and A-B bond energies respectively. The miscibility gap will occur, if