Classical Indian Epistemology and Metaphysics MCQ Questions and Answers Page-2 section-2

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11.
Patanjali regarded God as

A. Purusha

B. Special Purusha

C. Both A and B

D. None of these

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12.
According to Vaisesika, substance does not exist without

A. Activity

B. Generality

C. Guna

D. Vishesa

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13.
Who among the following is regarded as the founder of the 'Yoga Philosophy'?

A. Kapila

B. Gautama

C. Patanjali

D. Jaimini

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14.
According to Nyaya, Samanyatodrsta referred as

A. Mere acceptance

B. Mere-co-existence

C. Mere assertion

D. Mere-complex

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15.
Which of the following system, does Jain philosophy follows?

A. Violence

B. Artha

C. Non-violence

D. Pacifist

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16.
Avadhi is referred as which of the following?

A. Direct knowledge of thing

B. Indirect knowledge of things

C. Additional knowledge of thing

D. Additional concept

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17.
According to Carvaka, which among the following is not perceived.

A. Everything

B. Material soul

C. Negation

D. Nothing

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18.
In which among the following we observe no contrary instance?

A. Upadhimirasa

B. Vyattreka

C. Anavaya

D. Vyabhicharagraha

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19.
What does the Alaukika perceptton means in Nyaya philosophy?

A. Define perception

B. Ordinary perception

C. Well-defined perception

D. Extra ordinary perception

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20.
Naiyayikas believes in how many qualities?

A. Twenty three

B. Twenty four

C. Twenty six

D. Twenty seven

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Answer & Solution

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Naiyayikas, proponents of the Nyaya school of classical Indian philosophy, believe in twenty-four qualities (gunas) that are fundamental to their philosophical system. These qualities help in understanding and analyzing various aspects of reality and epistemology within the Nyaya framework.

1. Pramaṇa (Instrument of Knowledge): The means or instruments of valid knowledge.
2. Prameya (Object of Knowledge): The object or content of knowledge.
3. Saṁśaya (Doubt): The state of uncertainty or doubt.
4. Pramāṇa-saṁśaya (Confusion of Instruments of Knowledge): Doubt concerning the reliability of the means of knowledge.
5. Prayojana (Object of Pursuit): The purpose or goal.
6. Dṛṣṭānta (Example): Illustration or analogy.
7. Siddhānta (Conclusion): Established truth or accepted doctrine.
8. Avayava (Member of Syllogism): The constituent part of an inference.
9. Tarka (Argument): Reasoning or logical deduction.
10. Nirṇaya (Ascertainment): Determination or decision.
11. Vāda (Discussion): Debate or discussion.
12. Jalpa (Wrangling): A contentious or disputatious mode of debate.
13. Vitaṇḍā (Cavil): A form of destructive argumentation.
14. Hetvābhāsa (Fallacy of Reasoning): Fallacious or deceptive reasoning.
15. Chala (Evasion): The use of deceptive means to prove a point.
16. Jāti (Futility): A form of fallacious reasoning.
17. Nigrahasthāna (Faulty Place): The position where a fallacy occurs in a syllogism.
18. Sādhana (Confutation): Refutation or disproof.
19. Prasaṅga (Rejoinder): Counter-argument.
20. Dṛṣṭāntāntara (Different Example): The use of a different example in argumentation.
21. Sapakṣa (Positive Thesis): Affirmative statement.
22. Vipakṣa (Counter-Thesis): Negative statement.
23. Sādhyasādhana (Established and Non-Established): That which is to be proved and that which is not to be proved.
24. Aśraya (Foundation): The basis or support.

These twenty-four qualities are central to Nyaya philosophy and its approach to understanding knowledge, logic, and debate.

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Classical Indian Epistemology and Metaphysics MCQ Questions and Answers

11. Patanjali regarded God as

Answer & Solution

12. According to Vaisesika, substance does not exist without

Answer & Solution

13. Who among the following is regarded as the founder of the 'Yoga Philosophy'?

Answer & Solution

14. According to Nyaya, Samanyatodrsta referred as

Answer & Solution

15. Which of the following system, does Jain philosophy follows?

Answer & Solution

16. Avadhi is referred as which of the following?

Answer & Solution

17. According to Carvaka, which among the following is not perceived.

Answer & Solution

18. In which among the following we observe no contrary instance?

Answer & Solution

19. What does the Alaukika perceptton means in Nyaya philosophy?

Answer & Solution

20. Naiyayikas believes in how many qualities?

Answer & Solution

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11.
Patanjali regarded God as

12.
According to Vaisesika, substance does not exist without

13.
Who among the following is regarded as the founder of the 'Yoga Philosophy'?

14.
According to Nyaya, Samanyatodrsta referred as

15.
Which of the following system, does Jain philosophy follows?

16.
Avadhi is referred as which of the following?

17.
According to Carvaka, which among the following is not perceived.

18.
In which among the following we observe no contrary instance?

19.
What does the Alaukika perceptton means in Nyaya philosophy?

20.
Naiyayikas believes in how many qualities?