22.
Effects of shear force and axial force on plastic moment capacity of a structure are respectively to

23.
The principle of virtual work can be applied to elastic system by considering the virtual work of

24.
Pick up the correct statement for the web stiffeners.

30.
If there are m unknown member forces, r unknown reaction components and j number of joints, then the degree of static indeterminacy of a pin-jointed plane frame is given by