Current Affair of August 2023

National

1. In an effort to foster a safe and secure environment for women in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs), the University Grants Commission (UGC) has developed the "Guidelines on basic facilities and amenities for a safe environment for women and Women Cell." These guidelines serve as a significant step towards ensuring a secure and respectful space for women in HEIs.

2. Plastic pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time, causing significant harm to ecosystems and wildlife. One crucial milestone in this crisis is Plastic Overshoot Day, which signals the point at which the amount of plastics produced exceeds the global waste management capacity.

3. Publications Division, the premier publishing house of the Government of India, has been at the forefront of preserving and promoting the country's cultural heritage, art, and architecture through its vast collection of books and journals. Among its latest offerings, the collectible series 'Yojana Classics' stands out.

4. Cybersecurity has become a critical concern in today's digital age, and India is no exception. As technology advances and digital infrastructure becomes more prevalent. Recently, data was presented in the Lok Sabha, shedding light on the extent of cyber threats faced by government organizations and financial institutions.

5. Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma recently launched the Department of Forest & Environment's Amrit Brikshya Andolan web portal and mobile application, along with the Wood-based Industry (WBI) registration web portal. The initiative aims to make a significant impact on the State's green economy by planting a total of 1 crore (10 million) commercially-viable saplings across the State.

6. The Indian government launched the Study In India (SII) portal, marking a crucial step towards making India a hub of global education. This platform aims to simplify the journey of international students in India, providing them with seamless access to valuable educational opportunities.

7. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has taken a significant step towards enhancing the highway user experience by introducing 'Rajmargyatra,' a unified mobile application. This app aims to provide comprehensive information and efficient complaint redressal for national highway users, making their journeys seamless and safe.

8. In a significant move to promote Ease of Doing Business (EODB) in the maritime sector, Sarbananda Sonowal, the Union Minister of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways (MoPSW) and Ayush, launched the Port Health Organisation (PHO) module under Sagar Setu - National Logistics Portal (Marine). This digital initiative aims to create a faster and simpler ecosystem to facilitate seamless operations for citizens, port workers, and various stakeholders in the maritime industry.

9. On 3^rd August 2023, the Jharkhand Assembly passed the Jharkhand Competitive Examination (Measure for Control and Prevention of Unfair Means in Recruitment) Bill, 2023, introducing strict provisions to curb cheating in competitive exams. The Bill aims to uphold the integrity of examinations and ensure a fair and transparent selection process for various recruitment processes.

10. The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2023, has recently been passed by the Rajya Sabha, marking a significant milestone in the regulation and exploration of minerals in India. The Bill suggests a range of reforms, one of which involves the implementation of an exploration license for essential minerals found in deep-seated areas.

11. The Press and Registration of Periodicals (PRP) Bill, 2023 has been a significant development in the realm of media regulation in India. Introduced by Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Anurag Thakur in the Rajya Sabha on a particular date, this Bill seeks to replace the existing Press and Registration of Books (PRB) Act, 1867.

12. The Kerala government is taking proactive measures to expedite the registration process and introduce a unique identification system for migrant workers in the state. In response to recent sexual crimes allegedly committed by migrant workers against children, the government has initiated the 'Athidhi portal.' This user-friendly web portal aims to streamline the registration of "guest workers" and ensure their social security.

13. The Rajasthan government's recent initiative to set up the Guru Gorakhnath Board marks a significant step towards addressing the challenges faced by the Jogi, Yogi, and Nath communities in the state. Its primary objective is to identify and alleviate the problems and issues plaguing these backward classes while ensuring their access to basic and necessary facilities.

14. Postal Life Insurance (PLI), a venerable name in the insurance sector with a legacy dating back to 1884, is making significant strides in its commitment to customer-centricity. Recognizing the paramount importance of its sales force, PLI is introducing a groundbreaking pilot program known as "Direct Incentive Disbursement" in the Delhi and Uttarakhand Circles. This program aims to revolutionize the way PLI's agents are rewarded and compensated.

15. The steel industry, a cornerstone of modern infrastructure and development, is now under the spotlight for its environmental impact. In a strategic move towards a greener and more sustainable future, the government has unveiled a comprehensive plan that revolves around the formation of 13 task forces, each aimed at addressing key challenges and opportunities within the industry.

16. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) recently took a significant step to reshape the landscape of digital connectivity by recommending the creation of new permits for digital infrastructure service providers. This move marks a transformative shift in the way digital infrastructure services will be offered and regulated in India.

17. In a bid to avert the recurring threat posed by the Yamuna River's flooding in Delhi and adjoining areas, the Haryana government has set its sights on a significant infrastructure endeavor - the construction of a dam. This strategic initiative aims to not only mitigate the impact of floods but also yield a range of other benefits.

18. The Lok Sabha recently took a significant step towards promoting aquaculture and improving the ease of doing business by passing an amendment bill. The bill, which aims to decriminalize certain activities related to coastal aquaculture, holds several important provisions.

19. The Lok Sabha recently passed the Pharmacy (Amendment) Bill, 2023, bringing about crucial changes to the Pharmacy Act, 1948. This amendment aims to streamline the practice and profession of pharmacy in India.

20. Archaeologists excavating in Keeladi have discovered a crystal quartz weighing unit from the Sangam period. This is the first such find since the start of the Keeladi excavations in 2014. The crystal artifact, distinctively designed, boasts a roughly spherical form.

21. The well-regarded National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE) is set to rebrand and expand its horizons as it prepares to become the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Mumbai. This monumental change isn't just in name alone but carries with it a transformation in its academic approach and offerings.

22. India's Defence Ministry is taking a significant stride in enhancing its cybersecurity by introducing an indigenously developed operating system, Maya OS.

23. In a celebratory move, Jammu and Kashmir's distinct regional contributions, the Rajouri Chikri woodcraft and the Mushqbudji rice, have recently been honored with the Geographical Indication (GI) tags. This prestigious distinction draws attention to the exquisite nature and significance of these regional treasures.

24. In the lush landscapes of southern India, the state of Kerala, known as "God's Own Country", is looking to reclaim its traditional identity. Kerala, in the local Malayalam language, has always been called "Keralam". This name has been deeply intertwined with the region's culture and heritage, and there's now a push to make this traditional name official.

25. In a groundbreaking legal victory, a group of young residents from Montana's Missoula successfully sued their own state for violating their constitutional right to a clean and healthful environment. On 14^th August, a district court judge ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, stating that the state's negligence in addressing climate change while approving fossil fuel projects was unconstitutional.

26. Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Appointment Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Bill is set to be introduced in Rajya Sabha. This Bill isn't just a bureaucratic reshuffle - it represents a comprehensive vision of electoral reform, replacing the Election Commission Act of 1991.

27. Cochin Minerals and Rutile Limited (CMRL), a Kochi-based export-oriented mineral sand processing company, has been embroiled in a political storm following an Income Tax Department report. The report accuses CMRL's managing director, Sasidharan Kartha, of making illegal payments to politicians, police officers, media houses, trade unions, and others to ensure the smooth operation of the business.

28. The National Medical Commission (NMC) has recently released comprehensive guidelines for the professional conduct of registered doctors in modern medicine. These guidelines cover various aspects of medical practice, including the use of social media, prescription practices, treatment refusal, continuous professional development (CPD), and participation in conferences.

29. The Uttar Pradesh government has entered into an agreement with a private firm to provide approximately 5,000 special accommodations during the Prayagraj Maha Kumbh in 2025. These accommodations, including homestays, bed and breakfast establishments, and paying guest units, will be spread across major towns and prominent locations in the state.

30. In the past three years, the Border Security Force (BSF) has confiscated significant amounts of narcotics from various Indian states. Data revealed by the Ministry of Home Affairs indicates that Punjab and Rajasthan, situated along the India-Pakistan border, have seen the highest seizures of heroin, while Tripura and West Bengal, near the India-Bangladesh border, top the charts for 'ganja' confiscations.

31. The Central Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Bill, 2023, recently introduced in Lok Sabha, proposes significant changes to the taxation framework under the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act, 2017. The bill focuses on the taxation of specified actionable claims and online money gaming. Under the current CGST Act, transactions involving actionable claims, excluding certain activities, are not considered supply and thus not taxable.

32. The recently released Elephant Population Estimates conducted jointly by the states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala reveal varying trends in elephant populations. While Karnataka and Tamil Nadu witnessed slight increases in elephant numbers between 2017 and 2023, Kerala experienced a significant decline.

33. India is poised for a substantial legal transformation as key legislations are set to be replaced to align its criminal justice system with evolving societal values. The proposed reforms include the replacement of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860 with the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), prioritizing offences against the state, crimes against women and children, and murder.

34. The Ministry of Coal organized a Hackathon through CMPDI to boost innovation in the coal and lignite sector, aligning with the "Make in India" initiative. The event aimed to engage startups, research organizations, and academic institutions to address five key problem statements: payload monitoring of loading equipment, dust suppression optimization, 5G application for coal industry, crack propagation detection, and efficient coal grade monitoring.

35. The Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) Secretary, Shri Alkesh Kumar Sharma, inaugurated the 'Graphene-Aurora Program' at Maker Village Kochi, Kerala. The initiative, executed by Digital University Kerala, receives joint funding from MeitY, Government of Kerala, and industry partners, including Carborundum Pvt Limited.

36. The President of India paid tribute to the known and unsung heroes of India's freedom struggle. Among them are Matangini Hazra and Kanaklata Barua, remarkable women who made indelible contributions to the movement. Their sacrifices epitomize the spirit of the freedom movement.

37. India is gearing up for the launch of its first-ever long-range revolver, "Prabal," on 18^th August. Manufactured by Advanced Weapons and Equipment India (AWEIL), this .32 bore revolver boasts a firing range of up to 50 meters, a significant advancement compared to other revolvers available in the country.

38. Goa has set a groundbreaking precedent by becoming the first Indian state to offer free in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, alongside assisted reproductive technology (ART) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). Chief Minister Pramod Sawant inaugurated the service at Goa Medical College (GMC).

39. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in his 77^th Independence Day address, unveiled a vision to empower rural women through Women's Self Help Groups (SHGs). He announced the ambitious goal of creating 2 crore 'Lakhpati Didis' (women millionaires) in villages, emphasizing the Government's collaboration with SHGs. Currently, 10 crore women are associated with these groups.

40. Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot revealed a series of transformative initiatives designed to enhance the state's well-being and growth. These initiatives encompass various domains such as cultural heritage preservation, infrastructure development, agricultural expansion, social support, and gender equality.

41. Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath initiated a grand endeavor to plant 5 crore saplings under the Tree Plantation Campaign-2023. Speaking at the inauguration near Gomti bank, he emphasized that safeguarding nature is the key to securing humanity from calamities.

42. Chief Justice of India, D. Y. Chandrachud, has released a 30-page handbook aiming to address gender stereotypes in judicial discourse. The handbook, intended for judges and legal practitioners, highlights the significance of using gender-neutral and accurate language in legal proceedings.

43. Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot launched the Mukhyamantri Nishulk Annapurna Food Packet Scheme on Independence Day. Under this initiative, families covered by the National Food Security Act (NFSA) will receive monthly Annapurna food packets containing essential items from fair price shops (FPS) at no cost. Each packet includes gram pulses, sugar, iodized salt, soybean refined edible oil, chili powder, coriander powder, and turmeric powder.

44. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has established a dedicated Design Division to ensure effective review and maintenance of bridges, specialized structures, and tunnels on the country's National Highways. This division is tasked with formulating policies and guidelines for planning, designing, constructing, and maintaining these critical elements of infrastructure.

45. In a collaborative effort involving Racing Promotions Private Limited (RRPL), the government of Tamil Nadu has launched a groundbreaking street circuit in Chennai. Minister for Youth Welfare and Sports Development of Tamil Nadu, Udhayanidhi Stalin, inaugurated the 3.5km track, which encompasses the Island Grounds, Victory War Memorial, and the Napier Bridge.

46. The Central Water Commission (CWC) has introduced the 'FloodWatch' mobile application, enabling real-time flood forecasts up to seven days. Developed in-house, the app employs satellite data analysis, mathematical modeling, and real-time monitoring to provide accurate flood predictions.

47. According to a study by RBI staff, Uttar Pradesh (UP) has emerged as the top state in attracting investment funds from banks and financial institutions, surpassing Maharashtra. UP accounted for the highest share (16.2%) in the total cost of projects sanctioned during 2022-23, with Gujarat, Odisha, Maharashtra, and Karnataka following suit.

48. A draft Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) note prepared by the Centre suggests a reimagined approach to the treatment of government officials summoned to court, especially in contempt cases. The draft outlines proposals for a more harmonious engagement between the judiciary and the government, emphasizing the role of courts and the conduct of proceedings in government-related cases.

49. Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Sarbananda Sonowal, is set to lead the 19^th Maritime State Development Council (MSDC) meeting on 18^th and 19^th August in Kevadia, Gujarat. The gathering will convene Chief Ministers, Senior Ministers of Coastal States, and Union Territory Administrators to address critical maritime sector progress issues.

50. The Himachal Pradesh Government has announced the relaxation of the 'Vidhayak Ksetra Vikas Nidhi Yojana' (VKVNY) for the fiscal year 2023-24. The relaxation encompasses the addition of safeguarding initiatives such as retaining walls and channelization of Nullahs (small streams) under the scheme.

51. StartupTN, the State's nodal agency for Startup and Innovation, is set to organize the 'TamilNadu Startup Thiruvizha 2023' event at the CODISSIA Trade Fair Complex in Coimbatore on 19^th and 20^th August. This two-day celebration aims to highlight Tamil Nadu's entrepreneurship culture and the government's support for startups at different growth stages.

52. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) has embarked on a pioneering journey, introducing its newest initiative called the CarbonLite Metro Travel. The DMRC aims to enlighten its passengers about the significant environmental impact their travel choices can make.

53. A draft Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) note prepared by the Centre suggests a reimagined approach to the treatment of government officials summoned to court, especially in contempt cases. The draft outlines proposals for a more harmonious engagement between the judiciary and the government, emphasizing the role of courts and the conduct of proceedings in government-related cases.

54. India has unveiled its first 3D-printed post office, inaugurated virtually by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw in Bengaluru's Cambridge Layout. The post office, built by Larsen & Toubro Limited in just 43 days, demonstrates the rapid advancement of 3D printing technology.

55. The state of Punjab has recently faced significant flooding due to intense rainfall and dam releases. The region's rivers, including Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi, along with rivulets and seasonal streams, contribute to its water network. Experts advocate for effective regulation of water sources to mitigate flood risks.

56. A report by Lokniti-CSDS reveals that a substantial number of Indian youth between 15 and 34 years old view unemployment as the most significant issue in the country (36%). The study, conducted across 18 states with 9,316 respondents, highlights how economic concerns dominate the youth's perspective.

57. The Technology Development Board (TDB) and Chemlife Innovations Pvt. Ltd. have formed a strategic alliance to propel the project "Commercialization and Manufacturing of Bio-Trace Minerals used in Feed for Animals." Aligned with India's National Livestock Mission, the collaboration aims to enhance livestock productivity and integrate technology into livestock management.

58. Kerala's Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan inaugurated the Rs. 2,400 crore Kerala Solid Waste Management Project (KSWMP) as part of the 'Malinya Muktham Navakeralam' campaign, aiming for a garbage-free state.

59. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy in India has achieved a notable milestone by establishing the benchmark for producing green hydrogen within the nation. Green hydrogen, considered environmentally friendly due to its minimal carbon footprint, is now defined as hydrogen with well-to-gate emissions not exceeding two kg carbon dioxide equivalent per kg of hydrogen.

60. The Uttarakhand government has taken steps to conduct a thorough survey of cities and towns prone to disasters, with tenders having been invited for the project. The Director of Uttarakhand Landslide Mitigation and Management Centre, Shantanu Sarkar, noted that the survey process has commenced and will include geophysical and geo-mapping investigations of the areas.

61. The iconic Mysuru Palace, a must-visit landmark for tourists, is set to achieve a significant milestone by becoming 'plastic-free.' This collaborative effort involves the Mysuru District Administration, Mysuru City Corporation (MCC), and Mysuru Palace Board.

62. A Parliamentary Standing Committee has recommended the establishment of uniform tenures and selection processes for the heads and governing bodies of autonomous institutions overseen by the Ministry of Culture. The report highlighted the need for consistency among institutions like the Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts, the Lalit Kala Akademi, the Sahitya Akademi, and the National School of Drama.

63. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has released recommendations on "License Fee and Policy Matters of DTH Services." These recommendations come in response to a request from the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) for guidance on license fee and related policies.

64. The Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI) has unveiled the CSIR Prima ET11, India's first indigenous e-Tractor. Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State for Science & Technology, underlined the significance of Agri StartUps and urged the adoption of AI-driven technologies in agriculture.

65. A study conducted by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and ASAR, an impact start-up, has highlighted significant barriers preventing low-income households in India from transitioning to cleaner cooking fuels like LPG. The study emphasizes that lack of access to LPG cylinders, limited awareness of government schemes, and the high cost of cylinders are major obstacles.

66. The Supreme Court of India has agreed to establish modalities for the summoning of government officials by courts, responding to a request from the Centre to frame a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The decision comes in the context of a plea related to the summoning of government officials by the Allahabad High Court for alleged contempt of court.

67. In alignment with the "Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav" initiative by the Government of India and the G20, the Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IJBB), in collaboration with the Department of Anatomy at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, presents a special issue titled "Biological Electron Microscopy and Nanobiotechnology" in the context of India.

68. A 14-member committee led by former NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant submitted its report to Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Hardeep Puri on 21^st August 2023. The committee was established to investigate stalled real estate projects and propose solutions for their completion.

69. The Bihar government is set to undertake a major project, envisioning the conversion of the Digha to Gandhi Maidan stretch into the Patna Marine Drive. This ambitious plan involves creating lush green spaces, lining the JP Ganga Path with parks, and planting over one lakh trees.

70. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) announced that licenses for food business operators (FBOs) can now be issued for up to five years instead of the previous one-year duration. This recommendation was put forth during the 41^st meeting of the Central Advisory Committee (CAC) held in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.

71. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has introduced the 'Food Safety and Standards (Alcoholic Beverages) First Amendment Regulations, 2023,' effective from 1^st March 2024. According to this amendment, alcoholic beverages will only be permitted to display voluntary energy content declarations in kcal on their labels, with all other nutritional information prohibited.

72. In preparation for the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, the Election Commission of India (EC) has introduced a targeted voter outreach initiative to enhance voter turnout. The focus is on 10 large states, including Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh, where the voter turnout was below or slightly above the 2019 national average.

73. The National Medical Commission (NMC) has decided to halt the implementation of its recent regulations, which mandated doctors to prescribe generic drugs or face penalties, including potential suspension of their medical licenses.

74. India's ultra-processed food sector has witnessed rapid growth, with a compound annual growth rate of 13.37% in retail sales value from 2011 to 2021, according to a report by the World Health Organization and the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations.

75. The Nagarnar Steel Plant has achieved an unprecedented accomplishment by producing its final product of HR (Hot Rolled) Coil just nine days after producing Hot Metal. This achievement is remarkable considering that the mining major NMDC lacked prior steel-making experience.

76. A recent study published in the Nature journal reveals a strong link between soil micronutrients and human health outcomes, particularly in children and adult women. The study highlights that nutrient-deficient soil contributes to nutritional deficiencies, especially in children and women.

77. Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot has approved an increase in minimum wages for laborers by Rs. 26 per day, effective from 1^st January 2023, just months before state elections. The increase will benefit unskilled, semi-skilled, skilled, and highly skilled workers.

78. A comprehensive report titled "State of India's Birds" based on data collected from around 30,000 birdwatchers across India has highlighted concerning trends in bird populations. Out of the 338 bird species studied for changes in numbers over the last 30 years, 60% have experienced a decline.

79. The Indian Supreme Court's recent decision has overruled a 2014 Madras High Court ruling, stating that advocates can indeed solemnize "self-respect" marriages under the Hindu Marriage Act's Section 7(A). This provision recognizes marriages between Hindus, performed in the presence of relatives or friends without traditional rituals or priests.

80. Kolkata Metro Railway, a lifeline for the city since 1984, is embracing change by shifting from steel Third Rail to composite Aluminium Third Rail. The upgrade aims to boost efficiency and reduce costs. This transformation aligns Kolkata with renowned metros like London, Moscow, and Berlin.

81. Reliance Jio is introducing Jio AirFibre, a 5G-based fixed wireless broadband service, with the potential to attract nearly 200 million subscribers in the next three years. This initiative seeks to replicate the success of Jio's mobile data services, revolutionizing India's underdeveloped home broadband market.

82. Assam's government has unveiled an ambitious plan to establish a 'Knowledge Hub' and an 'Assam Institute of Urban Affairs.' Led by Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Ashok Singhal, these initiatives aim to introduce cutting-edge urban planning concepts and expertise to the state.

83. Punjab's ongoing flood situation is intensified by the absence of floodplain zoning along rivers Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, and Ghaggar. Properly managed floodplains act as natural defenses against floods, recharge groundwater, and maintain water tables.

84. India's capital markets regulator, Sebi, has introduced new guidelines to strengthen the cybersecurity and cyber resilience framework for market infrastructure institutions (MIIs) such as stock exchanges, clearing corporations, and repositories.

85. Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma unveiled the Nilachal Flyover, the state's longest flyover measuring 2.63 kilometers, connecting Maligaon Chariali to Kamakhya Gate in Guwahati. Constructed at a cost of Rs. 420.75 crore, the project was completed within 35 months by Shree Gautam Construction Co Ltd and Anupam Nirman Pvt Ltd.

International

1. China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been a key driver of the country's efforts to collaborate with Southeast and South Asian nations, including Nepal. As part of its 10^th-anniversary celebrations of the BRI, China has introduced several new projects under the platform called the 'Silk Roadster.'

2. Bhutan, has achieved a remarkable conservation success by increasing its tiger population by 27% since 2015. According to the most recent survey conducted in 2021 and 2022, there are now an estimated 131 tigers within Bhutan's borders. This achievement is a result of collective efforts from the Royal Government of Bhutan, local partners, and non-governmental organizations like WWF-Bhutan.

3. Sexual harassment is a pervasive issue that affects societies worldwide. In Taiwan, the government has taken significant steps to combat this problem by amending laws governing sexual harassment.

4. Recently, an intriguing discovery was made on the shores of western Australia, where a large object was found. The Australian Space Agency has confirmed that the object is debris from an Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) rocket. The rocket's origin and the potential implications of falling space junk have raised questions about international regulations and liability in such cases.

5. European nations, particularly in the context of NATO and Ukraine. The exercises, named Ocean Shield-2023, have drawn attention due to their timing and scale.

6. The US Government has granted approval for Israel to sell its "David's Sling" anti-missile defense system to Finland. The procurement agreement, worth approximately 316 million Euros, marks a significant milestone in the realm of defense cooperation between Israel and Finland.

7. The Ministry of Home Affairs recently introduced a new visa category known as the "Ayush Visa," aimed at promoting medical tourism in India. This visa is designed to cater to foreign nationals seeking various forms of medical treatment, including therapeutic care, wellness, and yoga, under Ayush systems or Indian systems of medicine.

8. In a bid to curb uncontrolled digital addiction among the youth, China's cyberspace watchdog has proposed groundbreaking guidelines to restrict smartphone usage for children. These guidelines, if adopted, will introduce some of the world's most stringent regulations for young users of smartphones and other internet-enabled devices.

9. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait have recently asserted their sole ownership of the disputed Arash-Dorra gas field, a resource-rich offshore area also claimed by Iran. The three countries have long been embroiled in a feud over this field, and the situation has escalated as Iran threatened to pursue exploration despite objections from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. This article examines the background of the dispute, the recent developments, and the implications for the region.

10. The Amhara region of Ethiopia has been thrown into chaos as a result of increasing violence pitting a local ethnic militia, called Fano, against the national army. The situation has become so dire that the council of ministers declared a state of emergency to address the mounting threat to public security and the significant economic damage caused by armed extremist groups.

11. After a hiatus of 14 years, South American nation leaders convened to prioritize the Amazon rainforest's protection during the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization summit. This pivotal gathering is taking place in Belem, a Brazilian city that stands as a testament to the urgency of the situation.

12. In recent developments, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) Academy has been officially inducted into the prestigious Interpol Global Academy Network.

13. In a significant stride towards bolstering digitalization, India has extended a financial hand to Sri Lanka's innovative digital identity project. Known as the Sri Lanka Unique Digital Identity Project (SL-UDI), the initiative is poised to transform the nation's technological landscape.

14. Canada is on the verge of launching a significant program aimed at streamlining the process for employers to hire foreign workers, demonstrating its commitment to addressing labor shortages and optimizing the recruitment process.

15. Following the dissolution of Pakistan's lower house of parliament by President Arif Alvi, a new caretaker prime minister has been appointed in preparation for a general election under neutral administration.

16. A Chinese naval vessel, 'Hai Yang 24 Hao,' arrived in Colombo Port on 10^th August for a formal visit, scheduled to dock until 12^th August. This visit comes a year after a similar event strained Indo-Lanka relations due to diplomatic tensions with India.

17. A 16-year-old girl from Nepal recently died tragically after being banished to a "period hut" as part of the ancient practice of chhaupadi, which considers women and girls unclean and untouchable during menstruation. The girl reportedly died from a snake bite while sleeping in the hut.

18. Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif's surprise decision to dissolve the country's Parliament, with just three days remaining before the completion of its five-year term, has led to the appointment of Senator Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar as the caretaker premier. Kakar, a relatively unknown figure in political circles, hails from Balochistan, a province marked by internal turmoil.

19. A recent report examining the Inclusive Conservation Initiative (ICI) has revealed that although commitments of funding for Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IP and LC) in conservation have risen, the funding landscape remains largely unchanged. Despite their potential in enhancing conservation efforts, IP and LC groups receive less than 1% of climate change mitigation and adaptation funding.

20. In a groundbreaking legal victory, a group of young residents from Montana's Missoula successfully sued their own state for violating their constitutional right to a clean and healthful environment. On 14^th August a district court judge ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, stating that the state's negligence in addressing climate change while approving fossil fuel projects was unconstitutional.

21. Archaeologists have recently unveiled what could be Europe's oldest lakeside village, submerged beneath the waters of Lake Ohrid, also known as the "Pearl of the Balkans." This ancient settlement, estimated to be around 8,000 years old, is located on the Albanian side of the lake and was built on stilts due to regular flooding.

22. The United States is set to deploy an existing antibiotic, DoxyPEP (doxycycline), repurposed as a preventive pill to combat sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Recent reports state that DoxyPEP can substantially reduce the risk of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis when taken after unprotected sexual activity.

23. India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have initiated a groundbreaking move by opting to settle their crude oil transactions using their respective national currencies. The landmark transaction will involve the utilization of the Indian rupee and the UAE dirham, representing a notable transformation in the dynamics of international trade.

24. A growing trend among China's youth involves young workers receiving a monthly salary for taking care of their parents or grandparents. Economic slowdown and stiff competition in the job market have pushed many new entrants into a unique arrangement where they become "full-time children," managing household chores in exchange for a modest income.

25. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Ayush are set to co-host the groundbreaking Global Summit on Traditional Medicine, scheduled for 17^th-18^th August 2023, in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. This historic event aims to highlight India's leadership in advancing traditional medicine systems.

26. Indonesia is preparing to introduce its own Golden Visa program by the end of 2023, aiming to revise its immigration policy to attract foreign investment and international entrepreneurial talent. The Indonesian Minister for Tourism and Creative Economies, Sandiaga Uno, announced the forthcoming launch of the Golden Visa during a press conference.

27. China is reportedly constructing an airstrip on Triton Island in the South China Sea, an area disputed by Taiwan and Vietnam. Satellite images indicate the nearly 2,000-foot-long airstrip could accommodate turboprop aircraft and drones, raising questions about its intended purpose. While the exact timeline of construction remains unclear, satellite imagery suggests the project began recently.

28. Union Minister of State for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and Electronics and IT, Rajeev Chandrasekhar, is set to inaugurate the G20-Digital Innovation Alliance (G20-DIA) Summit in Bengaluru. The two-day Summit, aligned with the Fourth meeting of DEWG under G20, will gather global experts and digital leaders, discussing vital topics like Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)', 'Security in the Digital Economy', and 'Digital Skilling'.

29. India's G20 presidency has achieved consensus on critical health priorities, including establishing a research and manufacturing network for vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics, and creating a platform for sharing digital health solutions. This platform aims to develop an equitable research, manufacturing, and distribution network, especially in global South regions.

30. The Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has given the green light for the signing and ratification of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) between India's Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) and Australia's Department of Home Affairs, incorporating the Australian Border Force. The MRA aims to offer reciprocal benefits to accredited exporters from both countries, streamlining customs clearance procedures.

31. The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, acknowledged a significant Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) of India and the Ministry of Health of Suriname on medical product regulation.

32. The Redwoods Rising project, a collaboration between Redwood National and State Parks and the Save the Redwoods League, is committed to revitalizing the once-logged redwood forests for a more resilient future. Using strategies like controlled thinning and prescribed fires, the project aims to recreate healthy young redwood forests that can withstand climate change, pests, and other stressors.

33. In an overnight drone strike, Russia targeted ports and grain storage sites along Ukraine's Danube River. The Danube delta had emerged as an alternate passage for Ukraine's grain trade after Russia exited the Black Sea grain deal. The deal, previously facilitated by the UN and Turkey, ensured safe transit for cargo ships carrying grain from Ukrainian Black Sea ports to global markets.

34. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has reported that a staggering 79% of Afghans lack sufficient access to clean water for essential needs, exacerbated by the worst drought in 30 years, economic instability, and decades of conflict. The dire situation has led to half of the population facing acute hunger, with six million people on the brink of famine.

35. Education ministers from the BRICS countries- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, have collectively decided to launch an independent university ranking system. The move comes as a response to criticisms regarding existing rankings and their lack of comprehensive data.

36. Hurricane Hilary, a major tropical cyclone, struck Southern California, marking an unusual event of a hurricane and an earthquake occurring simultaneously. Originating from a disturbance off Mexico's coast, it's the first time a tropical storm warning was issued for Southern California. The cyclone made landfall in Mexico's Baja California peninsula before affecting California. A magnitude 5.1 earthquake also hit Southern California, though no immediate damage was reported.

37. Iran has introduced its latest domestically built drone, the "Mohajer-10," featuring improved capabilities like higher altitude flight, longer endurance, and increased payload capacity. Unveiled during a ceremony attended by the Iranian president, the drone can fly for up to 24 hours at altitudes of 7,000 meters and cover a range of 2,000 kilometers.

38. Following a controversial election, Cambodia's parliament has appointed Hun Manet, the eldest son of outgoing Prime Minister Hun Sen, as the new prime minister, solidifying a dynastic transfer of power in the nation.

39. Srettha Thavisin, formerly the chief of a prominent real estate development firm in Thailand, has become the country's prime minister amidst a political deadlock following recent elections. Thavisin's unexpected ascension followed a parliamentary vote, coinciding with the return of Thaksin Shinawatra, founder of Thavisin's Pheu Thai Party, after 15 years of exile.

40. The BRICS alliance, composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, invited six additional countries - Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Egypt and Ethiopia, to join its ranks during its summit in Johannesburg, South Africa. This expansion, slated to begin in January, enhances BRICS' representation of the developing world and amplifies its influence as a collective voice.

41. The US Department of Justice (DOJ) has filed a lawsuit against Elon Musk's SpaceX, accusing the private space company of discriminatory hiring practices against asylum seekers. The DOJ contends that SpaceX falsely claimed it couldn't hire non-US citizens and subsequently discouraged asylum seekers from applying, effectively barring them from employment.

42. Saudi Arabia has secured hosting rights for the Next Gen ATP Finals in Jedda through 2027, marking the kingdom's foray into the world of sports. The tournament, featuring the ATP's top players aged 21 and under, will take place at the King Abdullah Sports City on an indoor hard court from 28^th November to 2^nd December this year. The prize money for the event will increase to USD 2 million, a significant rise from the USD 1.4 million awarded in 2022.

43. The UAE's Ministry of Health and Prevention (MoHAP) has initiated a back-to-school health awareness campaign spanning from 17^th to 31^st August. The campaign aims to educate parents and students about the significance of adopting healthy lifestyles as they return to school. It emphasizes the benefits of physical activity, balanced diets, regulated sleep patterns, and controlled screen time.

44. India and Bangladesh conducted their fifth Annual Defence Dialogue in Dhaka on August 28, 2023, with Defence Secretary Shri Giridhar Aramane and Bangladeshi counterpart Lt Gen Waker-Uz-Zaman co-chairing the meeting. The dialogue is the highest institutionalized interactive mechanism between the two countries, focusing on the future course of relations between their armed forces.

45. 48 African countries have agreed to adopt the Kampala Ministerial Declaration on Migration, Environment and Climate Change (KDMECC) to address the nexus between human mobility and climate change in Africa. The KDMECC, originally signed by 15 African states in 2022, is the first comprehensive, action-oriented framework led by Member States to address climate-induced mobility practically and effectively.

46. The French government's decision to ban children from wearing abayas, the full-length robes worn by some Muslim women, in state-run schools has garnered both support and criticism. The ban is part of France's strict secularism policy, "laicite," which has been a sensitive and politically tense topic in the country.

47. Terry Gou, founder of Foxconn Technology Group, has announced that he will run for president of Taiwan as an independent candidate in 2024. Gou, who previously ran for president as a member of the Kuomintang (KMT) but withdrew from the party, would need to secure approximately 2,90,000 voter's signatures to become president.

48. The UK's National Health Service (NHS) has gained approval from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) to offer an "under the skin" injection treatment for cancer using the immunotherapy drug atezolizumab. This revolutionary approach aims to dramatically cut treatment times by up to 75%.

49. The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has underscored the significance of drones on the global stage. In response, the United States is gearing up to deploy thousands of low-cost drones to counter China's military advantage. Leading this initiative is the XQ-58A Valkyrie, an experimental stealth unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) designed by Kratos Defense & Security Solutions.

50. Greece is grappling with its largest recorded wildfire, an ongoing catastrophe in the northeastern Alexandroupolis and Evros regions that has already claimed 20 lives. Spanning over 81,000 hectares, this fire is the European Union's most significant ever recorded, with international aid being deployed to assist firefighting efforts.

51. The Biden administration has announced a list of ten prescription medications that will undergo price negotiations within the US Medicare program. This groundbreaking initiative is made possible by the Inflation Reduction Act, allowing Medicare to negotiate prices for expensive drugs, a significant achievement for President Biden.

52. In a coordinated global operation dubbed Operation Duck Hunt, law enforcement agencies from the U.S., France, Germany, Latvia, Romania, the Netherlands, and the U.K. have dismantled the QakBot malware network. QakBot, a notorious Windows malware family, has compromised over 7,00,000 computers worldwide, engaging in financial fraud and ransomware distribution.

Defence

1. China and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have been making strides in strengthening their defense and security cooperation through joint military drills and arms deals. One notable exercise, the Falcon Shield 2023, is scheduled to be held in China's Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.

2. European nations, particularly in the context of NATO and Ukraine. The exercises, named Ocean Shield-2023, have drawn attention due to their timing and scale.

3. The US Government has granted approval for Israel to sell its "David's Sling" anti-missile defense system to Finland. The procurement agreement, worth approximately 316 million Euros, marks a significant milestone in the realm of defense cooperation between Israel and Finland.

4. President Droupadi Murmu is set to launch the Vindhyagiri, a Project 17A frigate, on 17^th August at the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited (GRSE) in Kolkata, as announced by the Indian Navy. This frigate is named after a mountain range in Karnataka and is the sixth ship under the Project 17A frigate program.

5. During the 77^th Independence Day celebrations at Delhi's iconic Red Fort, Indigenous 105 mm Light Field Guns were used for the ceremonial gun salute, replacing the British 25 pounder guns. These indigenous guns marked their debut earlier this year with a 21 gun salute during the Republic Day parade. The 21 gun salute involves specially-designed cartridges to create firing sounds.

6. The Indian Air Force's multi-national exercise, Tarang Shakti, originally scheduled for later this year, has been postponed to the following year. Defense officials announced that the decision was made to better align with the schedules of participating friendly foreign nations and to ensure maximum participation.

7. The Mizo Rebellion of 1966, also known as Operation Jericho, witnessed the Indian Air Force's strategic involvement in aiding the Army's efforts to quell the separatist movement led by the Mizo National Front. As the rebels sought to gain control over Mizoram, the IAF played a crucial role in regaining control.

8. India, China, and Iran have established pavilions at the ongoing Army 2023, the 9th International Military-Technical Forum hosted by Russia. The Indian pavilion features stalls from the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and three Defense Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).

9. The 27^th edition of Exercise MALABAR concluded off the East Coast of Australia on August 21, 2023. The exercise involved naval forces from the Indian Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Japan Maritime Self Defence Force, and the US Navy. Conducted in two phases, the exercise included complex air, surface, and undersea exercises, weapon firings, and cross deck helicopter operations.

10. The Ministry of Defence has signed a significant contract with Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) in Visakhapatnam on 25^th August 2023, for the acquisition of five Fleet Support Ships (FSS) for the Indian Navy. Valued at approximately Rs. 19,000 crore, this step advances the goal of self-reliance in defence manufacturing.

11. The Indian Air Force (IAF) has sent a contingent to participate in Exercise Bright Star-23, a biennial multilateral tri-service exercise held in Egypt, marking the first time IAF is participating in this exercise.

Business, Economy & Banking

1. In 2022, India experienced extreme weather events impacting the nation on a staggering 314 out of 365 days. As climate change accelerates, the urgency to address climate risks becomes paramount, especially for major Indian banks. A recent analysis conducted by Bengaluru-based think tank Climate Risk Horizons titled "Still Unprepared" sheds light on the preparedness of India's banking sector in confronting climate risks.

2. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) has been making remarkable strides in safeguarding the interests of investors. To enhance the grievance redressal process, Sebi has announced the launch of an Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanism, which aims to empower aggrieved investors to seek mediation and arbitration against various intermediaries.

3. In a landmark decision aimed at streamlining the capital market operations, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has ushered in a new era for public issues.

4. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced a Centralised Web Portal named UDGAM (Unclaimed Deposits - Gateway to Access inforMation). This portal, developed by the RBI, enables the public to conveniently search for unclaimed deposits across multiple banks from a single platform. The initiative aligns with RBI's ongoing public awareness campaigns aimed at addressing the growing concern of unclaimed deposits.

5. For the first time since the 2008 financial crisis, global household wealth has experienced a decline due to rising interest rates and persistent inflation. However, amidst the challenges, the situation offers a glimmer of hope.

6. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed regulated entities, including banks and NBFCs, to provide personal loan borrowers the flexibility to switch from floating to fixed rate interest regimes at the time of interest rate resets. In a circular, the RBI also stated that borrowers must be offered the choice to increase Equated Monthly Installments (EMIs) or extend the loan tenure.

7. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued guidelines to lenders, directing them to categorize penalties for borrower defaults as 'penal charges' rather than 'penal interest.' The RBI's guidelines emphasize that these charges must be "reasonable" and proportional to the breach of the loan agreement, without discrimination within specific loan/product categories.

8. The government has announced the launch of the 'Mera Bill Mera Adhikaar' initiative, aimed at fostering a culture of customers requesting invoices for all purchases. Starting on a pilot basis for 12 months from 1^st September, the initiative will be launched in select regions including Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Puducherry, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, and Daman & Diu.

9. The International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) received a report from the "Committee of Experts to Onshoring the Indian Innovation to GIFT IFSC." The committee, chaired by Shri G. Padmanabhan, Former Executive Director of RBI, aimed to understand why Indian startups shift abroad and to prevent such externalization in the future.

10. Bandhan Bank has been granted authorization by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to serve as an authorized pension disbursement bank. This authorization is in association with the Central Pension Accounting Office (CPAO), a part of the Ministry of Finance. The bank is set to collaborate closely with the CPAO to initiate and streamline the process of disbursing civil pensions.

Science & Technology

1. Hydrogen, considered one of the cleanest sources of energy, holds immense potential as a green fuel. Traditionally, obtaining pure hydrogen from water and methane required energy-intensive processes. However, a new and promising method has been developed to produce hydrogen through a catalytic reaction with methanol.

2. Archaeological discoveries often shed light on the rich history of our ancestors, and one such intriguing find is an ancient arrowhead made of an extraordinary material. In the 19^th century, an arrowhead was unearthed in Switzerland, and to the astonishment of researchers, it was crafted from an unexpected material - iron from the sky.

3. In a groundbreaking discovery, paleontologists have unearthed the fossilized remains of a massive ancient creature that roamed the coastal waters a staggering 40 million years ago. This newly discovered species, scientifically named Perucetus colossus, is believed to be a strong contender for the title of the heaviest animal ever to have existed on Earth.

4. Spearheaded by Samuel Peralta, the Lunar Codex programme is an ambitious initiative that seeks to etch human creativity into the very fabric of the moon. This extraordinary project aims to create a collection of diverse art forms that will serve as a timeless record of the boundless imagination and artistic prowess of humanity.

5. The Burgess Shale, situated in the Canadian Rockies, has once again provided a captivating glimpse into prehistoric life with the discovery of an exceptional jellyfish fossil. Named Burgessomedusa phasmiformis, this ancient specimen is a remarkable find that dates back over an astonishing 505 million years.

6. Since its launch in 1998, the International Space Station (ISS) has been a symbol of international cooperation and a hub for scientific research in space. However, as the ISS nears the end of its operational life, plans are already underway to replace it with a cutting-edge, state-of-the-art floating science laboratory called Starlab.

7. Breast cancer is a prevalent health concern affecting women across the globe. Detecting breast cancer at an early stage is crucial for successful treatment and improved patient outcomes. A groundbreaking research study led by Lund University, Sweden, has shed light on the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in revolutionizing mammography screening.

8. Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSO) has taken a major step towards enhancing pedestrian safety with the implementation of 14 AI smart pedestrian crossing systems in partnership with Derq, a leading developer of AI analytics solutions for road safety and traffic management. These cutting-edge systems aim to revolutionize pedestrian safety and traffic management in the region.

9. The field of astronomy is constantly evolving with new technologies and algorithms aiding in the discovery of celestial bodies. Recently, a team of researchers from the University of Washington developed a groundbreaking algorithm called HelioLinc3D. In its first test, this algorithm successfully identified a "potentially hazardous asteroid," named 2022 SF289.

10. A new study conducted by scientists from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has set its focus on developing advanced sorghum varieties to meet the nutritional needs of mothers and children in sub-Saharan Africa. Sorghum, a significant crop in the region, holds great promise in addressing food insecurity and malnutrition.

11. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently granted approval for a groundbreaking oral pill called Zurzuvae, co-developed by Biogen and Sage Therapeutics, to address postpartum depression (PPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). This revolutionary medication offers hope and relief for millions of women affected by these debilitating conditions.

12. The emergence of new COVID-19 variants has been an ongoing challenge in the fight against the pandemic. Among the latest variants, the EG.5.1, also known as the Eris variant, has been making headlines, causing concern in the United Kingdom and beyond.

13. After a hiatus of 47 years, Russia is poised to make a remarkable leap in lunar exploration with the launch of its Luna-25 spacecraft. This venture not only signifies a resurgence in space exploration but also represents a strategic race with India to reach the moon's south pole. It will be launched from the Vostochny cosmodrome.

14. The pharmaceutical landscape recently witnessed a remarkable milestone as Novo Nordisk, a leading Danish pharmaceutical company, achieved a groundbreaking feat with its obesity medication, Wegovy. This achievement not only addresses weight concerns but also holds the potential to significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes, a revelation that could reshape medical practice.

15. The World Health Organization (WHO) has elevated the EG.5 strain of the Covid-19 virus to the status of a 'variant of concern' after initially categorizing it as a variant of interest. This sub-variant of the omicron lineage, known as EG.5, has shown increased prevalence and immune escape properties, contributing to 17% of new cases in the US.

16. India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft, launched on 14^th July, has successfully undergone its third lunar orbit reduction, transitioning from a highly-elliptical orbit to a near-circular orbit around the Moon. The craft's orbit circularization phase aims to bring it to a constant 100 km distance above the lunar surface, marking a critical milestone for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

17. Lead exposure, known for its damaging effects on wildlife and human health, has long been linked to developmental and cognitive impairments. Recent research from George Washington University underscores the connection between early-life lead exposure and an increased risk of criminal behavior in adulthood.

18. Scientists have uncovered two previously undiscovered mole species, Talpa hakkariensis and Talpa davidiana tatvanensis, believed to have inhabited the mountains of eastern Turkey for three million years. These subterranean mammals are adept at surviving extreme weather conditions, enduring up to 6 feet of snow in winter and temperatures reaching 122 degrees Fahrenheit in summer.

19. A recent study conducted by researchers at Boston University's CTE Centre aimed to investigate the connection between organized tackle football participation and the likelihood of being diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease and parkinsonism. The researchers utilized an extensive online dataset of individuals concerned about Parkinson's Disease to gather information.

20. A dire situation for African penguins has been highlighted in a recent report by The Guardian. Scientists have warned that without intervention, these unique creatures could become extinct by 2035. The declining population of African penguins is attributed to overfishing and environmental shifts in the Indian Ocean, leading to a scarcity of their primary food sources - sardines and anchovies.

21. Archaeologists excavating the village of Pień in Poland have made a chilling discovery: the remains of a young "vampire" child buried face down and secured to the earth with a padlock. The site, described as a resting place for "the excluded," holds unmarked graves bearing evidence of anti-vampiric measures such as padlocks and unusual burial techniques.

22. Researchers are pioneering a novel approach to detect colorectal cancer early by utilizing engineered bacteria. The study, led by biologist Robert Cooper at the University of California, San Diego, focuses on modifying Acinetobacter baylyi, a bacterium with DNA-collecting capabilities.

23. Scientists in Japan are on the cusp of a groundbreaking advancement in dental care - tooth regeneration. Clinical trials for a potential tooth re-growth treatment are set to commence in 2024, with therapeutic drugs potentially available by 2030. The Medical Research Institute at Kitano Hospital in Japan will lead these trials, starting with targeting children with anodontia, a genetic condition causing lack of tooth growth.

24. Scientists have unveiled a new species, the Antarctic Strawberry Feather Star, found in the depths of the Antarctic Ocean. With a distinctive body shape and 20 arms, this otherworldly creature was discovered during research expeditions between 2008 and 2017. These creatures, existing at depths ranging from 65 to 65,000 feet, boast unique swimming behavior.

25. Palaeontologists in Egypt have unearthed a "tiny" fossil of an extinct basilosaurid whale, believed to have lived approximately 41 million years ago, in Wadi el-Hitan, also known as Whale Valley. Weighing around 412 pounds and measuring about eight feet long, the newly discovered Tutcetus rayanensis offers insight into the transition of whales from land to sea.

26. The General Presidency of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet's Mosque has unveiled an innovative "guidance robot" powered by artificial intelligence (AI), aimed at assisting pilgrims and Umrah performers at the Grand Mosque. This advanced robot serves a dual purpose, aiding in religious rituals and offering guidance while facilitating fatwa operations.

27. Trained scent dogs have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in detecting COVID-19 infections, outperforming traditional RT-PCR tests, according to a comprehensive review of studies. This innovative method not only offers quicker results but also the potential to significantly cut diagnostic expenses.

28. A groundbreaking study challenges conventional wisdom by revealing that carbon dioxide (CO₂), not water vapor, is the driving force behind the eruption of basaltic volcanoes. Researchers studying magma from Pico do Fogo, a highly active ocean island volcano, detected elevated levels of CO₂ originating from the mantle's depths, suggesting its role in volcanic eruptions.

29. A newly discovered species of snake in Peru has been named Tachymenoides harrisonfordi in tribute to actor Harrison Ford's environmental advocacy. Known for his portrayal of Indiana Jones, who famously fears snakes, Ford's real-life commitment to conservation earned him this distinction.

30. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revolutionized our understanding of the universe, allowing astronomers to unveil some of its most enigmatic secrets. JWST has now revealed Maisie's Galaxy, one of the earliest known galaxies, which emerged approximately 390 million years after the Big Bang.

31. An Indian scientist, in collaboration with international institutions, has introduced a novel method to assess nanomechanical properties of materials at minuscule scales with exceptional precision and accuracy. This methodology significantly enhances the nanoindentation technique's precision and accuracy for testing mechanical strength, while also enabling testing at higher rates, thus increasing throughput.

32. A recent study released in the Lancet Planetary Health has exposed a troubling association between airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution and the development of antibiotic resistance. The research marks the first-ever global estimation of antibiotic resistance's impact due to PM2.5 pollution, revealing profound correlations across antibiotic-resistant bacteria and strengthening trends over time.

33. Agnikul Cosmos, an Indian aerospace firm, is poised to achieve a significant milestone by becoming the country's first private entity to design, develop, and launch a liquid-fueled rocket. Known as 'Agnibaan SOrTeD' (SubOrbital Technological Demonstrator), the maiden rocket is set to undergo suborbital testing in the coming weeks. This launch is essential for startups to validate rocket systems before embarking on more ambitious projects.

34. The latest research on Otzi, the Neolithic Iceman, has yielded unexpected insights into his genetic heritage. A high-coverage genome was created for Otzi, leading to a revised understanding of his characteristics. The study, published in the journal Cell Genomics, revealed that Ötzi had dark skin, dark eyes, and a receding hairline.

35. Researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati and Christian Medical College, Vellore, have successfully developed a technique to transform regular human skin cells into pluripotent stem cells, known as Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs).

36. A groundbreaking discovery of a unique 'demon particle' with potential implications for superconductors has been made by researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. The particle, first predicted by physicist David Pines nearly 70 years ago, was identified within the metal strontium ruthenate.

37. Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh unveiled the unique "Namoh 108" lotus flower variety, developed by CSIR-NBRI, with 108 petals. This novel flower blends religious significance with scientific achievement, symbolizing Prime Minister Narendra Modi's tenure. The lotus, flowering from March to December, boasts enriched nutrients and has its genome fully sequenced.

38. The utilization of oilseeds extends beyond oil extraction, with their protein-rich meal serving as a vital ingredient in livestock, poultry, and aqua feed. Rapeseed-mustard, a significant oilseed in India, contributes 42.6% to vegetable oil production and 30.3% to meal production.

39. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) released images of the lunar far side taken by the Lander Hazard Detection and Avoidance Camera (LHDAC), which assists in locating safe landing spots during descents. Developed at ISRO's Space Applications Centre (SAC), the camera helps identify areas without obstacles for landing.

40. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted approval for the groundbreaking vaccine Abrysvo, designed to protect infants from birth to 6 months of age against lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) and severe LRTD caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This approval marks the first vaccine of its kind.

41. A recent study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) investigated the outcomes of 14,419 Covid-19 patients hospitalized across 31 hospitals. The study focused on patients with moderate to severe disease caused by original, delta, or omicron coronavirus variants since September 2020.

42. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) provided an update on the progress of its lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3. The Lander Vikram and Rover Pragyan are equipped with scientific payloads to conduct experiments on the lunar surface.

43. Meta Platforms, the parent company of Facebook and Instagram, has announced the launch of "Code Llama," an artificial intelligence (AI) model aimed at assisting in computer code writing. This free AI model, based on Meta's Llama 2 language model, can generate code based on human text prompts, aid in code completion, and facilitate debugging.

44. Apptronik, a robotics startup based in Austin, has introduced a humanoid robot named Apollo designed to collaborate with humans. Standing at 5 ft 8 inches and weighing 72.6 kilograms, Apollo can safely work alongside humans, handling up to 25 kilograms of weight. The robot features an approachable design, with a digital panel on its chest providing task updates, estimated completion time, and future actions.

45. Scientists have harnessed the power of 3D eye scans, traditionally used by optometrists to assess retinal health, to detect early signs of Parkinson's disease up to seven years before symptoms appear. This groundbreaking research delves into the emerging field of 'oculomics,' utilizing retinal imaging to identify markers of various neurological disorders.

46. A study published in The Lancet Rheumatology journal predicts that nearly one billion people worldwide will be living with osteoarthritis by 2050. The research analyzed 30 years of data covering over 200 countries, highlighting a rapid increase in cases due to factors like aging, population growth, and obesity.

47. The launch of the revolutionary XRISM satellite, designed to capture celestial objects in a new light, and the innovative "Moon Sniper" lunar lander has been postponed due to adverse weather conditions.

48. In a monumental achievement, scientists have successfully sequenced the Y chromosome, potentially revolutionizing the study of male infertility and various health disorders. Despite attempts to decipher human genetic code over the past two decades, over half of the sequences within the Y chromosome remained a mystery.

49. A recent study in Nature Communications suggests that global warming and a cyclical event known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) could increase the frequency of tropical cyclones originating near the Equator. The number of such cyclones was 43% fewer in the years 1981-2010 compared to 1951-1980 due to the PDO being in a 'warmer' or positive phase.

50. The UK's National Health Service (NHS) has gained approval from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) to offer an "under the skin" injection treatment for cancer using the immunotherapy drug atezolizumab. This revolutionary approach aims to dramatically cut treatment times by up to 75%.

51. ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 mission's Pragyan rover has successfully confirmed the presence of sulphur on the lunar surface near the south pole. Utilizing the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) instrument, this achievement marks the first in-situ measurements of lunar composition. These findings are crucial for enhancing our understanding of the moon's elemental makeup.

52. Hurricanes Idalia and Franklin, swirling near the southeastern US coast, have raised concerns about their potential interaction under the Fujiwhara Effect. This phenomenon occurs when two cyclones come close to each other and engage in an intense "rotational dance."

53. An Australian woman's case of a live 8 cm worm in her brain has stunned the medical community, presenting a new frontier in understanding animal-human interactions and zoonotic diseases. Surgeons in Canberra removed the worm from the woman's frontal lobe after she exhibited various health issues.

Government Schemes

1. In a significant move to facilitate the resolution of contractual disputes involving the government and its undertakings, the Ministry of Finance has launched the "Vivad se Vishwas 2" scheme. This initiative aims to streamline the process and promote ease of doing business while ensuring timely settlement.

2. The Odisha state cabinet has approved a scheme aimed at enhancing financial inclusion by establishing banking outlets in 4,373 panchayats lacking banking penetration, utilizing a budget of Rs. 500 crore. This initiative will be coordinated with six public sector banks and will involve offering rent-free banking space for five years, along with covering fixed and recurring expenses for the initial three years.

3. Jharkhand Chief Minister Hemant Soren announced the launch of the 'Abua Awas Yojna,' a housing initiative aimed at constructing homes for the needy within the next two years, at a cost of Rs. 15,000 crore. During the flag hoisting ceremony at Ranchi's Morabadi Ground, Soren emphasized his government's commitment to fulfill promises and strengthen the state.

4. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in his Independence Day address, introduced the Vishwakarma Yojana, a scheme designed to benefit traditional workers and craftsmen, with an initial allocation of Rs. 13,000 - Rs. 15,000 crore. This initiative targets professionals like goldsmiths, ironsmiths, washermen, hairdressers, and masons, primarily from the OBC class. The scheme is set to launch on Vishwakarma Jayanti, 17^th September.

5. Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot launched the Mukhyamantri Nishulk Annapurna Food Packet Scheme on Independence Day. Under this initiative, families covered by the National Food Security Act (NFSA) will receive monthly Annapurna food packets containing essential items from fair price shops (FPS) at no cost.

6. The Digital India programme, launched in 2015 for digital service delivery, is set to expand with a budget of Rs. 14,903 crores. The Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved this expansion, aiming to enhance India's digital landscape.

7. A homegrown software technology solution has emerged to proactively detect and prevent zero-day vulnerability attacks within 5G networks. This innovation promises to diminish network downtime, ensuring robust nationwide communication as 5G networks establish themselves as a vital lifeline. The integration of software into 5G technology, alongside multiple advanced technologies like NFV and SDN, presents both opportunities and challenges.

8. The Himachal Pradesh Government has announced the relaxation of the 'Vidhayak Ksetra Vikas Nidhi Yojana' (VKVNY) for the fiscal year 2023-24. The relaxation encompasses the addition of safeguarding initiatives such as retaining walls and channelization of Nullahs (small streams) under the scheme.

9. The Cabinet has given the green light for the continuation of the North East Special Infrastructure Development Scheme (NESIDS) with a budget of Rs. 8,139.50 crore for 2022-23 to 2025-26. NESIDS comprises two components: NESIDS-Road and NESIDS-Other Than Road Infrastructure (OTRI), both receiving 100% central funding.

10. India's production-linked incentive scheme for advanced chemistry cell manufacturing, a program worth Rs. 18,100 crore aimed at boosting local battery cell production, is poised to initiate commercial production progressively in phases within the current financial year.

Awards & Honours

1. Gilles Perrault, a prominent French writer, has left an indelible mark on the literary and social landscape of France. His thought-provoking works ignited crucial debates and inspired critical thinking on significant issues.

2. The Adichanallur Museum, a world-class archaeological endeavor, is set to take visitors on a captivating journey into India's ancient past. Laid by none other than the Union Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, the foundation stone for the museum marks a momentous occasion in the Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu.

3. NCERT has established a 19-member National Syllabus and Teaching Learning Material Committee (NSTC), chaired by NIEPA chancellor M. C. Pant, to revise textbooks for classes 3 to 12. Members include Sudha Murthy, Shankar Mahadevan, Sanjeev Sanyal, and others. The committee aims to align curriculum with the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020..

4. On India's Independence Day, Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann commemorated the late activist Karnail Singh Isru, who lost his life on the same day in 1955 while participating in the Goa Liberation Movement. Isru's commitment to freedom was inspired by the struggle against colonial rule in Punjab. In tribute, Punjab and Goa have established memorials and institutions in Isru's name.

5. On India's 77^th Independence Day, the Indian Army inaugurated the "Bhagat Bridge" in Danna Village, the last village on the Line of Control in the Machhal Sector of Jammu and Kashmir. This 115-feet long bridge is named in memory of Late Major Bhagat Singh, Veer Chakra awardee, who valiantly defended the sector during the 1965 war.

6. Patricia Bredin, the UK's inaugural Eurovision singer, passed away at 88. Her two-minute performance at the 1957 Eurovision Song Contest earned her seventh place among ten singers. Spotted at the Savoy Hotel in London, the 22-year-old was selected to perform the love song 'All', though it was not recorded.

7. V. S. Arunachalam, a prominent scientist and instrumental figure in India's nuclear program, has died at the age of 87. Known for his leadership roles at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), he played a crucial role in shaping India's defense capabilities.

8. On the 114^th anniversary of his execution, a memorial is being formally inaugurated in Amritsar's Golbagh area to honor the Indian revolutionary Madan Lal Dhingra. Hanged at the age of 24 for assassinating British official Curzon Wyllie, Dhingra's unwavering patriotism led him to be disowned by his family.

9. The revered Kalka-Shimla Railway (KSR), over 120 years old and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has suffered extensive damage due to heavy monsoon rainfall in Himachal Pradesh. A critical section between Jutogh and Summer Hill stations has been washed away, marking the second severe blow this monsoon.

10. John Warnock, co-founder of Adobe Inc., passed away at the age of 82 on 19^th August. Along with Charles Geschke, he established Adobe in 1982 and is best known for creating the PDF format for documents.

11. Indian cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar is set to embark on a new role as the national icon for voter awareness and education under the Election Commission of India (ECI). The ECI announced its intention to sign a memorandum of understanding with Tendulkar, appointing him as the voter awareness ambassador for a three-year term.

12. Geetika Srivastava, a 2005 batch Indian Foreign Service officer, is appointed as the new Charge d'Affaires (CDA) in Islamabad, succeeding Dr. M. Suresh Kumar. Despite the downgraded status of diplomatic representation between India and Pakistan, this appointment marks a significant change as Srivastava will be the first woman to lead the Indian High Commission in Pakistan.

Sports

1. In a captivating final match of the 2023 Asian Champions Trophy at Mayor Radhakrishnan Hockey Stadium, Chennai. India triumphed over Malaysia with a 4-3 scoreline. The Indian team displayed a remarkable comeback, with Harmanpreet Singh and Gurjant Singh scoring quick goals in the third quarter to level the scores. This victory establishes India as the most successful team in the tournament's history,

2. Indian badminton player H. S. Prannoy secured a bronze medal in the men's singles at the BWF World Badminton Championships 2023. His campaign concluded with a semi-final loss to Thailand's Kunlavut Vitidsarn in a competitive match. Prannoy, ranked 9^th in the world.

3. The 132^nd edition of Asia's oldest football tournament, the Durand Cup 2023, commenced on 3^rd August. This year's tournament is unique as it includes 24 teams from the Indian Super League, I-League, and the Armed Forces. This number of teams is an increase from last year's 20, and they have been distributed into six groups, each consisting of four teams.

4. The Asia Cup 2023 is the 14^th edition of the Asia Cup of One Day Internationals (ODIs) organized by the Asian Cricket Council (ACC). It started on 30^th August 2023 and will be played till 17^th September 2023. The tournament will feature six teams split into two groups: Group A includes Pakistan, India, and Nepal, while Group B comprises Bangladesh, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka.

Download Current Affairs August 2023 PDF

References:
jagranjosh.com
gktoday.in
business-standard.com