National
1. India is positioning itself as a tech-driven nation, emphasizing its success with Aadhaar and Unified Payments Interface (UPI) as governance solutions. Now, the focus is on establishing sovereign artificial intelligence (AI), a crucial step towards leveraging technology for economic development.
2. The Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) is set to unveil the revamped "DIGI-PHARMed" application on 1st December, featuring four integrated services. The primary objective is to regulate pharmacy education across India by facilitating the enrollment and registration of pharmacy institutions, pharmacists, pharmacy students, and pharmacist job seekers.
3. The Union Ministry of Home Affairs has officially notified the reconstitution of the High-Powered Committee (HPC) tasked with addressing the concerns of the Ladakh region. This move comes in the wake of prolonged agitations in the region since August 2019, following the revocation of Jammu and Kashmir's special status and the bifurcation into two Union Territories.
4. The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, takes a significant step towards protecting consumers from deceptive practices employed by online platforms with the introduction of the Guidelines for Prevention and Regulation of Dark Patterns in 2023. Issued by the Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA), these guidelines, effective immediately, apply to all platforms offering goods or services in India.
5. In a significant move, the Assam government has given the nod for the creation of the Corporate Social Responsibility Authority of Assam (CSRAA) during a state cabinet meeting held in Tinsukia on 1st December. The approval encompasses the establishment of an enabling environment for welfare activities, including the formulation of rules and regulations governing the CSRAA.
6. The Supreme Court has intervened in the ongoing impasse between the Tamil Nadu Governor, R. N. Ravi, and Chief Minister M. K. Stalin over the delay in clearing Bills sent by the Assembly. The court emphasized that a Governor cannot withhold assent and refer a Bill for Presidential consideration without returning it to the Assembly. The Chief Justice of India, D. Y. Chandrachud, urged the Governor to engage with the Chief Minister and resolve the deadlock.
7. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) annually releases comprehensive reports on crime in India, offering insights into various offenses and trends. Let's explore how the data for NCRB reports are compiled, key takeaways from the 2022 report, and some nuances associated with interpreting the data.
8. The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) has introduced a seed fund scheme aimed at supporting start-ups engaged in the fields of urban development and disaster management through the utilization of space technology. The scheme offers selected start-ups seed funding to develop their original ideas into prototypes using space technology.
9. In a strategic move to enhance spatial planning at the Gram Panchayat level, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj introduced the Geographic Information System (GIS) application known as "Gram Manchitra". This innovative application leverages geo-spatial technology to empower Gram Panchayats in their planning endeavors.
10. The inaugural meeting of the National Traders' Welfare Board (NTWB), convened by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), took place on 5th December 2023, at Vanijya Bhawan, New Delhi. Chaired by Shri Sunil J. Singhi, the board is geared towards advancing the welfare of traders and their employees.
11. On 5th December, a five-judge Constitution bench of the Supreme Court commenced hearings on petitions challenging Section 6A of the Citizenship Act. This provision, introduced following the Assam Accord of 1985, determines who is considered a foreigner in the state and was the basis for the final National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam in 2019.
12. India has initiated the auction of 20 blocks containing critical minerals, including lithium, essential for batteries and electric vehicles. Let's explore the details of this significant development.
13. Dehradun is preparing to host the Global Investors Summit on 8th - 9th December, anticipating the participation of 5,000 delegates from India and abroad. The summit is geared towards showcasing investor-friendly policies, good governance, and sustainable practices. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to officially open the summit at the Forest Research Institute on 8th December.
14. The Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have officially inked a $175 million loan agreement to enhance connectivity and resilience of roads in Madhya Pradesh. The project aims to improve road connectivity across 14 districts, promoting balanced economic development in the state.
15. The Department of Consumer Affairs is actively engaged in nationwide multimedia awareness campaigns titled "Jago Grahak Jago". These campaigns aim to inform consumers about fraudulent practices and common issues while providing guidance on seeking redressal.
16. The Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), in collaboration with Google Cloud India, Antler in India, Paytm, Protean, and Startup India, officially launched the 'Build for Bharat' initiative. This nationwide program aims to address challenges in digital commerce, fostering innovation and practical solutions across various sectors.
17. The Rajya Sabha has passed the Post Office Bill, 2023, a significant legislative move aimed at revamping and modernizing the country's postal services. The bill proposes to repeal the archaic Indian Post Office Act, which has been in existence for 125 years, and aims to consolidate and amend laws related to post offices in India.
18. The government has proposed a net additional spending of Rs. 58,378 crore in the current fiscal ending March 2024, with a focus on key areas such as MGNREGA and fertilizer subsidies. The Supplementary Demands for Grants tabled in Parliament outline a gross additional spending of over Rs. 1.29 lakh crore, with Rs. 70,968 crore expected to be offset by savings and receipts.
19. The Union government is advancing its plans to reconstitute the Rubber Board and is now inviting public input on the revised draft Rubber (Promotion and Development) Bill, 2023. The Rubber Board, as directed by the government, will conduct open house sessions in Kottayam, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka to discuss the draft with stakeholders in the rubber sector.
20. In a recent development, Visva-Bharati has installed a Centre-approved board officially recognizing Santiniketan as a UNESCO-approved world heritage site. This new installation differs from a previous one by the former Vice-Chancellor, as it prominently mentions the visionary Rabindranath Tagore.
21. The Kozhikode district administration is taking a significant step towards maintaining the cleanliness of its coastal areas through the initiation of the 'Suchitwa Theeram' project. This endeavor falls under the broader 'Malinya Muktha Navakeralam' program, overseen by the Department of Local Administration.
22. The University Grants Commission (UGC) has given the green light to guidelines facilitating the introduction of short-term, industry-relevant certificate courses. Aimed at addressing the skill gap and enhancing student productivity in the workplace, these courses will carry up to 30 credits.
23. The West Bengal Assembly has approved a bill that imposes the highest Goods and Services Tax (GST) rate of 28% on the full face value of bets in online gaming, horse racing, and casinos. The move is aimed at boosting the state's revenue, according to Minister of State for Finance Chandrima Bhattacharya.
24. In a significant development, the lower house of the Indian Parliament has successfully passed the Central Universities (Amendment) Bill, 2023, advancing the establishment of a crucial central tribal university in Telangana.
25. The Lok Sabha has passed two significant bills related to Jammu and Kashmir, aimed at providing rights to those who faced injustice and were deprived of their rights in the Union Territory.
26. In the ongoing national debate surrounding Jammu and Kashmir, the definition of "people" and their rights has taken center stage. The discussions in Parliament and the Supreme Court, as well as among ordinary citizens, have highlighted the importance of understanding terms like "state subjects," "permanent residents," and "domiciles."
27. With just months left for the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, the government is seeking Parliament's approval for an additional Rs. 3,147.92 crore expenditure, bringing the total proposed spending on the polls to over Rs. 5,000 crore.
28. A parliamentary panel has proposed that the government explore the possibility of allowing puja and worship at Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) protected monuments with religious significance. This recommendation comes as part of the report on 'Issues relating to Untraceable Monuments and Protection of Monuments in India,' presented in both Houses on 8th December.
29. India is on track to achieve the elimination target for visceral leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala azar, this year. With no block in the country reporting more than one case per 10,000 people, India is making significant progress towards the elimination of this parasitic infection transmitted by sandflies.
30. YUVAi, an initiative by the National e-Governance Division (NeGD), Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY), and Intel India, is set to feature prominently at the upcoming Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) Summit. This collaborative program focuses on equipping students from class 8 to 12 with essential AI skills, fostering a deeper understanding of AI, and encouraging them to become human-centric designers and users of AI.
31. Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi is set to launch the 'Viksit Bharat @2047: Voice of Youth' initiative on 11th December, 2023 via video conferencing. This visionary initiative aims to actively engage the youth of India in shaping the nation's plans, priorities, and goals.
32. Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, Shri Anurag Singh Thakur, is set to inaugurate the Khelo India Para Games 2023 in New Delhi tomorrow. The games, scheduled between 10th and 17th December, will witness the participation of more than 1400 players from 32 states, Union Territories, and the Services Sports Board at three venues in New Delhi.
33. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has entered into a significant agreement with M/s. DC Multi Modal Park (Nagpur) Limited, a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of M/S. DeltaBulk Shipping India Pvt. Ltd., for the development of a Multi Modal Logistics Park (MMLP) in Nagpur. This project, estimated at Rs. 673 crore, will be developed over 150 acres under the Public Private Partnership model, marking a pivotal milestone in the country's development and aligning with the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.
34. The Supreme Court, in a unanimous decision, declared Article 370, which granted special status to Jammu and Kashmir, a temporary provision of the Indian Constitution. The ruling was a response to the 2019 move by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led government, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
35. Recently, the Supreme Court unanimously upheld the Centre's decision to abrogate Article 370 in 2019. The five-judge bench delivered three concurring opinions, affirming that Jammu and Kashmir no longer holds special status in the Indian Union.
36. In its recent ruling, the Supreme Court upheld the abrogation of Article 370 on 11th December, emphasizing that Jammu and Kashmir did not retain sovereignty after joining the Union of India. Chief Justice D. Y. Chandrachud, in his judgment, recalled Yuvraj Karan Singh's proclamation in November 1949, which reflected the "full and final surrender of [J&K's] sovereignty to India."
37. Kerala asserts that the Constitution grants fiscal autonomy to states, allowing them to regulate their finances under various articles. It emphasizes that states have been exercising these powers for decades post-Independence to prepare and manage their budgets.
38. The Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have officially signed an agreement for a $200 million loan aimed at improving the quality, efficiency, and reliability of power supply in the state of Uttarakhand. The initiative involves upgrading the distribution system to minimize power outages, reduce technical losses, and seamlessly integrate and transmit renewable energy to load centers.
39. On 15th December 2023, the Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) joined hands, signing a significant agreement for a 37 billion Japanese Yen ($250 million) loan. This funding will continue to support the construction of the 82-kilometer Delhi-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) corridor.
40. On 15th December 2023, the Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) solidified their partnership by signing a $250 million policy-based loan. This financial support, part of the Industrial Corridor Development Programme (Subprogramme 2), aims to bolster industrial corridor development, enhancing competitiveness, and reinforcing national and global supply chain connections.
41. In a significant stride towards eco-friendly maritime transportation, the Barracuda, India's fastest solar-electric boat, was ceremoniously launched at the Navgathi Panavally Yard in Alappuzha.
42. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to inaugurate the Surat Diamond Bourse (SDB), touted as the world's largest office space in a single project, on Sunday (17th December). Located in Gujarat, the complex surpasses the US Pentagon in capacity, boasting 4,200 diamond trading offices.
43. The Manipur Cabinet has approved the establishment of the Manipur State Beverages Corporation Limited (MSBCL), marking the end of a prohibition that lasted over 30 years. This decision legalizes the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol in specific regions of the state.
44. In a significant achievement, Unit 4 of the Kakrapar Atomic Power Project (KAPP 4 - 700 MW) achieved the criticality milestone on 17th December 2023. This marks the commencement of a controlled fission chain reaction, a crucial step in the reactor's operational journey.
45. The upcoming data protection rules in India aim to use an Aadhaar-based system to verify children's age for accessing online services and obtaining parental consent. This move is part of the operationalization of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, which was notified over four months ago.
46. The Telecommunications Bill, 2023 is a significant legislative development aimed at amending and consolidating laws related to the development, expansion, and operation of telecommunication services and networks in India. This new Bill seeks to replace key legislations including the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, the Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1933, and the Telegraph Wires (Unlawful Possession) Act, 1950.
47. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has officially issued the aerodrome license for the eagerly awaited Ayodhya Airport, developed by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) at a cost of approximately Rs. 350 crore. AAI announced recently that the airport has received an aerodrome license in the public use category, boasting a 2,200m long runway.
48. The Jammu and Kashmir administration has taken a significant step by framing detailed rules for the registration of marriages under the Anand Marriage Act. This Act provides statutory recognition to the marriage rituals of Sikhs, addressing their longstanding demand to separate their marriages from the Hindu Marriage Act. The newly formulated "Jammu and Kashmir Anand Marriage Registration Rules, 2023" outline the procedures for Anand marriages.
49. As the two-year term of the National Startup Advisory Council (NSAC) concludes, the Central Government has nominated non-official members representing diverse stakeholders. This move, in accordance with the Gazette notification, marks a significant step in ensuring continued expertise and guidance in the startup ecosystem.
50. The Ministry of Mines is set to unveil the National Geoscience Data Repository (NGDR) Portal on 19th December, 2023, in a grand ceremony in New Delhi. This initiative aims to provide a comprehensive online platform for accessing, sharing, and analyzing geospatial information across the nation, marking a significant step in democratizing critical geoscience data.
51. Amidst growing global concerns about deforestation and the illicit trade in timber, the Indian government has introduced its own national forest certification scheme. This initiative, known as the Indian Forest and Wood Certification Scheme (IFWCS), aims to validate entities committed to sustainable practices in forest management.
52. The Parliament recently approved the National Capital Territory of Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Second (Amendment) Act, 2023, extending the protection for unauthorised constructions for an additional three years. This move aims to shield structures in slums, farmhouses, and other colonies in Delhi from official actions.
53. The Lok Sabha recently approved two vital indirect tax-related bills, addressing various aspects of the tax framework. The Central Goods and Services Tax (Second Amendment) Bill, 2023, and the Provisional Collection of Taxes Bill, 2023, each serve distinct purposes in enhancing the tax administration system.
54. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Food Processing has expressed doubts regarding the accuracy of data on cattle deaths due to Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD). The committee noted a gap or mismatch between the figures provided by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD) and the ground reality.
55. In a strategic move towards planned and rapid urban development, the Assam government has initiated the 'Ten Cities Development Concept' (Doh Shaher, Ek Rupayan). A crucial meeting held at Urban Development Minister Ashok Singhal's office outlined the implementation of this concept, focusing on ten cities in the state.
56. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has revealed that disputes over property, land, or access to water were responsible for nearly 16.8% of murder cases recorded in India from 2019 to 2021. This statistic indicates that approximately one in six murders during this period in the country could be attributed to conflicts related to land and water.
57. The Jharkhand Assembly has ratified the 'Local Resident of Jharkhand Bill' following a reconsideration, despite earlier opposition and constitutional concerns raised by Governor C. P. Radhakrishnan. The bill, brought forth by Chief Minister Hemant Soren, establishes 1932 as the cut-off year for 'proof of land records' to define a local resident.
58. The Bihar government, led by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, recently unveiled a Rs. 72-crore plan for the redevelopment of Punourdham in Sitamarhi, believed to be the birthplace of Hindu deity Sita. The move has triggered a political debate, with the BJP accusing the JD(U) of pursuing "soft Hindutva" and attempting to counter allegations of Muslim appeasement ahead of the Lok Sabha polls.
59. A Parliamentary Standing Committee has raised concerns over the lack of proper functioning of State Consumer Protection Councils (SCPCs) in northeastern states of India. The committee, in its report, emphasized the need for fulfilling the mandates of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 in each state to ensure that consumers in the region are aware of their rights and have confidence in the consumer protection system.
60. The parliamentary panel's 52nd report sheds light on the challenges faced in implementing policies to eradicate child labor by 2025. The committee emphasizes the need for a consistent definition of 'child' across various laws.
61. In its commitment to accessible and inclusive elections, the Election Commission of India is taking significant steps to ensure equal participation of Persons with Disabilities (PwDs). In a groundbreaking move, the Commission has issued guidelines to political parties and their representatives to foster inclusivity and respect in the political discourse concerning the PwD community.
62. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has recently unveiled draft regulations aimed at determining the 'turnover' of enterprises. This regulatory development holds considerable significance, as it directly impacts the calculation of penalties imposed on enterprises for engaging in anti-competitive conduct.
63. The latest official data released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has revealed a decline in new additions to formal sector employment in the month of October. This decline is evident across three key data sets: Employees' Provident Fund (EPF) Scheme, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), and National Pension Scheme (NPS).
64. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up to commence the New Year with the anticipated launch of its pioneering polarimetry mission, XPoSat, slated for 1st January. This mission marks a significant milestone as the country's third space-based observatory, joining the ranks of the recently launched solar mission, Aditya-L1, and the 2015-launched AstroSat.
65. In a significant move towards simplification and efficiency, the Parliament passed the Press and Registration of Periodicals Bill, 2023, on 21st December. The legislation aims to revolutionize the process of allotment of title and registration of periodicals, introducing a seamless online system without the need for physical interfaces.
66. The recent Rs. 9,000 penalty on clothing brand Lifestyle for charging a customer for a paper bag highlights India's ambiguous rules on carry bag fees. Despite some court rulings against surprise charges, confusion persists.
67. The Indian government recently greenlit several major initiatives, including constructing a new Ganga river bridge in Bihar and raising minimum support prices for copra. A 4.56 km, six-lane bridge will be built over the Ganga, linking the Bihar areas of Digha and Sonepur. Currently connected only by roads unsuitable for heavy vehicles, the bridge will carry large ships and aid transport.
68. India's anti-money laundering agency, the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-IND), has issued legal notices to 9 offshore cryptocurrency platforms violating domestic regulations.
69. After years of negotiations, the central government is on the cusp of finalizing a historic peace deal with the pro-talk faction of the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) on 29th December 2023. This is seen as a major step by the Modi government towards resolving long-standing insurgency issues in Assam and the Northeast.
70. The Indian Railways is embarking on a transformative journey with the upcoming launch of the Amrit Bharat Express on 30th December. To be flagged off by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, these trains aim to enhance the train travel experience for the common man.
71. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the new Ayodhya Dham railway station on 30th December. The transport hub sets a new benchmark for convenience with airport-style amenities across its cutting-edge three-story complex.
72. India's national standards body, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), has established a dedicated committee to create quality norms for marine energy conversion systems. This marks a significant step in regulating and advancing ocean power.
73. Uttar Pradesh has ranked first for the third straight year in recording the highest usage of India's Inter-Operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS). The digital platform enables seamless data sharing across courts, police, prisons and forensic labs.
International
1. On 1st December, the world witnessed the official commencement of operations for JT-60SA, the largest and most advanced nuclear fusion reactor, located in Japan's Ibaraki Prefecture. This groundbreaking project is a collaborative effort between the European Union and Japan.
2. In a historic move, health takes center stage at the 27-year-old United Nations Conference of Parties (COP) with a dedicated day on Health/Relief, Recovery, and Peace on 3rd December in Dubai, the venue of COP28. The day, hosted by the COP28 Presidency and the World Health Organization, features the first-ever climate-health ministerial, bringing together over 50 ministers from health, environment, and other sectors.
3. In a remarkable turn of events, two kiwi chicks have hatched in the wild near New Zealand's capital, Wellington, marking a historic moment after over a century. The significance of this milestone is heightened by the fact that the national bird, the kiwi, faced near-extinction due to human activities.
4. The United States has delivered a strong message to Israel, indicating its intention to impose visa bans on Israeli extremist settlers involved in violence against Palestinian civilians in the occupied West Bank. A senior State Department official shared this information with Reuters.
5. On the sidelines of the COP28 summit in Dubai, Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled LeadIT 2.0, emphasizing an inclusive and just industry transition. This initiative prioritizes the co-development and transfer of low-carbon technology along with providing financial assistance to emerging economies.
6. A new strain of bacterial pneumonia, commonly referred to as 'White Lung Syndrome,' is causing concern in various countries, including China, Denmark, the United States, and the Netherlands. Primarily affecting children between the ages of three and eight, this illness is associated with lung damage visible as white patches on X-rays.
7. In a recent assembly, India achieved a significant milestone by being re-elected to the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Council for the 2024-25 biennium. This re-election places India in the esteemed Category of 10 states with the "largest interest in international seaborne trade," standing alongside influential nations such as Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
8. India has achieved a significant milestone by being unanimously elected as a member representing the Asian region in the Executive Committee of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). This development took place during the 46th meeting held at the FAO Headquarters in Rome.
9. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is grappling with a severe monkeypox outbreak, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting a staggering 12,569 suspected cases and 581 deaths from 1st January to 12th November, 2023. This marks the highest annual case count ever recorded and poses significant challenges for the affected regions.
10. The 28th UN Climate Change Conference (COP28) witnessed a significant development as 123 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, and the European Union, signed the Declaration on Climate and Health on 2nd December. Notably, India has not yet signed, but commitments from additional countries are expected before COP28 concludes.
11. A 68-year-old South Korean man has been sentenced to 14 months in jail for composing a poem praising North Korea, violating South Korea's National Security Act (NSA). The poem, titled 'Means of Unification,' lauds the benefits of reunification under North Korea's socialist regime.
12. The discussions between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Kenyan President William Samoei Ruto resulted in the signing of five pacts, fostering cooperation in diverse fields such as sports, education, and digital solutions. Both leaders unveiled a joint vision document to enhance maritime engagement in the Indian Ocean region.
13. Africa faces a significant public health challenge, with the continent experiencing over 100 outbreaks of infectious diseases each year, averaging two new outbreaks per week, according to the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
14. Negotiations are currently taking place at the 28th Conference of Parties (COP28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Dubai regarding the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance.
15. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to host Sultan of Oman Haitham bin Tarik later this month, with a primary focus on strengthening India's presence at the strategically located Duqm Port in Oman. This visit marks Sultan Haitham bin Tarik's first trip to India since assuming the role following the demise of his predecessor, Qaboos bin Said Al Said.
16. The vibrant and culturally rich dance form, 'Garba of Gujarat,' has earned a prestigious place in the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) of Humanity by UNESCO. The recognition was formalized during the 18th meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage held from 5th to 9th December, 2023, in Kasane, Botswana.
17. Italy has officially withdrawn from China's Belt and Road infrastructure initiative, marking the end of its participation more than four years after becoming the only G7 nation to sign up. The decision, communicated to Beijing three days prior, reflects Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni's long-standing opposition to Italy's involvement in an initiative seen by many as an attempt by Beijing to exert political influence.
18. The World Health Organization (WHO) has called on countries to raise taxes on alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), noting that a majority of countries do not incentivize healthier behaviors. The recommendations are based on the WHO's study of taxation rates, revealing that the average global tax rate on such "unhealthy products" is low.
19. Recently, UN Secretary-General Guterres addressed the UN Security Council, highlighting the severe risk of a collapse of the humanitarian system in Gaza. He urged the Council to help avert a humanitarian catastrophe and appealed for a humanitarian ceasefire.
20. National Security Advisers from India, Mauritius, and Sri Lanka, along with delegates from Seychelles and Bangladesh, participated in the 6th NSA-level meeting of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) in Mauritius.
21. Sixty-three countries, including the US, Canada, and Kenya, joined forces at COP28 to make history by signing the Global Cooling Pledge. This landmark commitment aims to slash cooling emissions by at least 68% by 2050. With cooling emissions currently accounting for 7% of global greenhouse gases, the pledge addresses the urgent need for action as these emissions are expected to triple by 2050.
22. Mr. Sanjay Kumar Agarwal, Chairman of the Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs (CBIC), inaugurated the India-Korea Electronic Origin Data Exchange System (EODES) on 6th December 2023, in New Delhi. This significant event took place in the presence of Mr. KO Kwang Hyo, Commissioner of Korea Customs Service (KCS), and his delegation.
23. President Joe Biden announced a groundbreaking $3 billion investment in a high-speed rail project connecting Las Vegas and Los Angeles during an event at the Las Vegas Carpenters International Training Center on 8th December. This initiative marks the first high-speed rail project in the history of the United States and is part of an $8.2 billion investment in ten major rail projects across the country.
24. The Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA), initiated by the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, was officially launched at COP28, the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Dubai. This alliance brings together countries, river-cities, international funding agencies, and knowledge management partners to enhance the existing River Cities Alliance (RCA) formed by NMCG in collaboration with the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) in 2021.
25. A new report by United Nations agencies reveals that nearly 282 million people in Africa, constituting about 20% of the population, experienced undernourishment in 2022. This staggering figure represents over 38% of the global population facing hunger, totaling 735 million people this year.
26. In a historic move, the world reached a climate agreement at the COP28 summit in Dubai, calling for an unprecedented transition away from fossil fuels. The Global Stocktake, a crucial component of the agreement, was approved after intense negotiations that extended beyond the initial schedule. The agreement's language, although a landmark moment, leaves room for interpretation, sparking debates over its effectiveness.
27. The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), consisting of 29 member nations, has unanimously embraced the New Delhi declaration. This declaration emphasizes the necessity of addressing risks associated with the development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) systems while promoting fair access to crucial resources for AI innovation.
28. The United Kingdom has witnessed a significant increase in norovirus cases in recent weeks, with nearly 1,500 confirmed cases reported by the beginning of this month. This surge, amounting to a 60% rise compared to the same period last year, poses challenges for healthcare resources and staff, as highlighted by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine Scotland.
29. India and the United States have reaffirmed their commitment to collaborating on addressing global illicit finance risks. The joint statement follows the India-US Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) Dialogue, co-chaired by India's revenue secretary Sanjay Malhotra and US Treasury under-secretary for terrorism and financial intelligence Brian Nelson.
30. On 15th December, Ukraine's Interior Ministry placed Patriarch Kirill, head of the Russian Orthodox Church and a staunch supporter of the Kremlin's invasion of Kyiv, on a wanted list, accusing him of abetting the conflict.
31. The Los Angeles County medical examiner's office released an autopsy report over a month after the sudden death of "Friends" actor Matthew Perry. The report states that Perry died from the "acute effects" of ketamine, a powerful anaesthetic. Found unresponsive in a hot tub at his Los Angeles home on 28th October, the autopsy report also cited drowning, coronary artery disease, and the effects of an opioid, buprenorphine, as contributing factors to his death at the age of 54.
32. The recent UN resolution, with 153 nations in favor, 10 against, and 23 abstaining, highlighted the impact of veto powers, particularly the United State's support for Israel.
33. Bhutan's King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck recently announced the Gelephu Smartcity Project, a mega "international city" near the Indian border. This project, officially named the Gelephu Special Administrative Region (SAR), spans 1,000 square kilometers and aims to be an economic corridor connecting South Asia with Southeast Asia via India's northeastern states.
34. Abdel Fattah El-Sisi secures a resounding third term as Egypt's president, winning a staggering 89.6% of the votes in an election where serious challengers were notably absent. The National Election Authority made the announcement on 18th December, marking a continuation of El-Sisi's presidency amid economic challenges and regional tensions.
35. The Supreme Court in Colorado has ruled that former US President Donald Trump should be removed from the state's presidential election ballot in 2024. The court cited Trump's alleged involvement in the 6th January 2021 attacks on the US Capitol as grounds for disqualification. The move comes as Trump supporters protested the election victory of Democratic candidate Joe Biden, claiming electoral fraud.
36. After years of discussion, the European Union (EU) has reached an agreement on reforms aimed at sharing the cost of hosting migrants and refugees and limiting the number of people entering the bloc. The deal, part of the Pact on Migration and Asylum, includes provisions for speedier vetting, the creation of border detention centers, accelerated deportations, and a solidarity mechanism to ease pressure on southern countries facing significant migrant inflows.
37. The French parliament, on 19th December, passed a contentious immigration bill, supported by President Emmanuel Macron's government, despite facing significant opposition from members of his own party. The bill, passed as a compromise between Macron's party and the conservative opposition, exposed cracks in the centrist majority and resulted in some left-leaning members threatening to resign.
38. Minnesota's State Emblems Redesign Commission has selected a new design for the state flag, replacing an older version that was considered offensive by many Native Americans. The chosen design features an eight-pointed North Star against a dark blue background shaped like the state, with a solid light blue field on the right.
39. The UK Supreme Court has ruled against recognizing artificial intelligence (AI) as an inventor for patent rights. The case involved US computer scientist Stephen Thaler's attempt to register patents in the UK for inventions generated by his AI system named DABUS.
40. On 25th December, China announced Rear Admiral Hu Zhongming as the new commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), replacing Admiral Dong Jun. The change in leadership comes at a time of escalating tensions between China and its neighbours over disputed territories in the East and South China Seas.
41. India and the five-member Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU), led by Russia, are likely to soon begin negotiations on a free trade agreement (FTA). This proposed agreement aims to boost India's exports to the EaEU countries, especially in sectors such as engineering goods, electronics, and agriculture.
42. In a key development, Sweden's bid to join NATO crossed an important milestone after a Turkish parliamentary committee approved its accession protocol on 27th December. This brings Sweden one step closer towards formal inclusion in the military alliance as the Russia-Ukraine conflict continues to simmer.
43. A sobering new report from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has highlighted the endemic levels of domestic violence against women in Pakistan, including disturbing rates of physical assault.
44. Former European Commission President Jacques Delors passed away recently at age 98. Delors, also a former French government minister, was a passionate advocate of postwar European integration and credited as the driving force behind the introduction of the euro, the EU's single currency, and the creation of the bloc's single market
45. On 15th December, Guyana and Venezuela agreed to resolve their centuries-old border conflict over the Essequibo region peacefully, easing fears of potential military escalation. Essequibo is a sparsely populated, forested area constituting over half of Guyana's land.
46. China has built an enormous ocean drilling vessel called the Mengxiang to achieve humanity's first-ever excavation into the Earth's upper mantle. The ambitious mission could uncover clues about our planet's inner workings and evolution.
47. While Kenya has achieved substantial poverty reduction over 2005-2019, progress remains geographically uneven, leaving many behind, according to a new World Bank report. It prescribed policy pathways for more inclusive growth.
Defence
1. The Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX), the flagship initiative of the Department of Defence Production, has achieved a significant milestone by signing its 300th contract. This landmark contract focuses on the design and development of advanced Gallium Nitride Semiconductors, a crucial element for the next generation of wireless transmitters in defence applications, including radars and Electronics Warfare (EW) jammers.
2. Sandhayak, Yard 3025, the inaugural vessel among the four Survey Vessel (Large) ships, has been successfully delivered to the Indian Navy on 4th December 2023. Let's delve into the details of this significant addition to the Indian Navy's fleet.
3. Two Indian Air Force (IAF) pilots lost their lives today (4th December) as their Pilatus PC-7 Mk II trainer aircraft crashed during a routine training sortie in Telangana. The incident occurred near Toopran, Medak district, with a Court of Inquiry initiated to determine the cause of the accident.
4. On Navy Day, 4th December, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and unveiled a grand statue of the 17th-century Maratha king at Sindhugarh, Maharashtra's coastal fort. The Prime Minister acknowledged Shivaji's understanding of naval power and announced that naval officers' epaulettes would soon carry his emblem.
5. National Security Advisers from India, Mauritius, and Sri Lanka, along with delegates from Seychelles and Bangladesh, participated in the 6th NSA-level meeting of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) in Mauritius.
6. The Indian Navy is set to acquire indigenously-made swimmer delivery vehicles, often referred to as underwater chariots or midget submarines, as part of a strategy to enhance the capabilities of its Marine Commandos (MARCOS) for special undersea operations. The Navy is collaborating with the industry to design these vehicles, and the prototype will be developed based on these specifications.
7. A contingent of 45 Indian Armed Forces personnel has arrived in Hanoi, Vietnam, to participate in the fourth edition of the Joint Military Exercise VINBAX-2023. Running from 11th to 21st December, the exercise aims to strengthen collaborative partnerships, promote interoperability, and share best practices between India and Vietnam.
8. In a significant stride toward developing stealth unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs), India conducted a successful flight trial of an "autonomous flying wing technology demonstrator" at the aeronautical test range in Chitradurga, Karnataka. This achievement represents a remarkable maturity in technology readiness levels, positioning India among the elite nations mastering flying-wing technology.
9. In a groundbreaking development, India has become the first country globally to showcase the capability of engaging four targets simultaneously with its indigenous Akash surface-to-air (SAM) weapon system. The successful demonstration occurred during Exercise Astrashakti 2023 at Suryalanka Air Force Station on 12th December, according to defense officials.
10. The Ministry of Defence has signed a Rs. 1,614 crore contract with Mazagon Dockyard Shipbuilders Ltd for the procurement of six next-generation offshore patrol vessels (NGOPVs) for the Indian Coast Guard (ICG). The acquisition aims to enhance the Coast Guard's maritime security capabilities.
11. The government has taken a decisive step to enhance the security measures at the Parliament building complex. In light of a recent breach of the safety ring, official sources revealed that the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) will now be responsible for the "comprehensive" security of the complex.
12. The 8th edition of the IONS Conclave of Chiefs took place in Bangkok, Thailand, from 19th to 22nd December 2023. Chiefs of Navies and senior delegates from 27 member and observer countries participated in this significant event.
13. On 26th December 2023, INS Imphal (Pennant D68), the third vessel of the Visakhapatnam class stealth-guided missile destroyers, is scheduled to be commissioned into the Indian Navy. As part of Project 15B, this class represents the latest in indigenous destroyer technology.
14. Aligning with the PM's call to shed vestiges of colonialism, the Indian Navy has unveiled redesigned shoulder insignia for top Admirals incorporating elements from Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's royal seal.
15. Senior Indian Police Service officer Nina Singh took charge as Director General of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) recently. She became the first woman to head the specialized security organization and the 30th CISF Director General.
Business, Economy & Banking
1. The year 2022 witnessed a distressing surge in farmer suicides across India, according to the latest data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), released on 4th December 2023. The grim statistics reveal a 3.7% increase in such cases, with 11,290 reported deaths, compared to 10,281 in 2021 and a 5.7% increase from 2020 figures.
2. Developing countries faced an unprecedented financial challenge in 2022, as they spent a staggering $443.5 billion to service their external public and publicly guaranteed debt. The World Bank's latest International Debt Report reveals that these costs had far-reaching consequences, diverting vital resources from critical sectors such as health, education, and the environment.
3. According to the latest report from the World Bank, India is set to become the largest recipient of remittances, with inflows expected to increase by 12.4% to $125 billion in 2023, constituting 3.4% of the country's gross domestic product.
4. The Lok Sabha recently approved two vital indirect tax-related bills, addressing various aspects of the tax framework. The Central Goods and Services Tax (Second Amendment) Bill, 2023, and the Provisional Collection of Taxes Bill, 2023, each serve distinct purposes in enhancing the tax administration system.
5. The Department of Expenditure, under the Ministry of Finance, has granted 22 states the approval for extra borrowing of Rs. 60,876.80 crore for their contribution to the National Pension System (NPS) during the fiscal year 2023-24. This additional borrowing is permitted over and above the normal net borrowing ceiling set for the states.
6. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced a Card-on-File (CoF) tokenisation facility through banks, enabling cardholders to conveniently create and link tokens to their existing accounts with various e-commerce applications. The move allows CoF tokens to be generated directly through card-issuing banks and institutions, offering cardholders an additional choice for tokenising their cards across multiple merchant sites through a single process.
7. The Jute Corporation of India took a significant step toward supporting jute farmers by launching the 'Paat-Mitro' app. Rachna Shah, Secretary, Ministry of Textiles, inaugurated the app, which aims to provide essential knowledge to farmers for optimal jute cultivation and increased income.
8. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released a 'Draft Omnibus Framework for Recognising Self-Regulatory Organisations (SROs) for its Regulated Entities (REs).' The draft framework aims to establish better industry standards for self-regulation and addresses challenges in regulating the rapidly growing sector effectively.
9. Critical minerals refer to specialized metals and non-metals crucial for high-tech industries, clean energy technologies, defense, aerospace, and electronics. Securing steady supplies of such scarce minerals is vital for India's self-reliance and strategic interests.
10. IndusInd Bank has launched a pathbreaking new corporate credit card - eSvarna - on the RuPay network. It is India's first corporate credit card that allows linking with UPI apps for payments. The card offers comprehensive features tailored to frequent business travellers.
11. Dr. P. Indira Devi, an eminent agricultural economist from Kerala, has been conferred the distinguished title of ISAE Fellow 2023 by the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics (ISAE). This recognition highlights her trailblazing contributions spanning over three decades in the domains of agricultural research, policymaking and teaching.
12. India's banking sector demonstrated continued positive momentum in recent quarters, with falling bad loans, profitable growth and adequate capital buffers. The non-performing asset (NPA) ratio of scheduled commercial banks dropped to a 10-year low of 3.2% by September 2022. This figure was 3.9% in March.
13. The CBDT has released detailed guidelines clarifying issues regarding Section 194-O of the Income Tax Act mandating a 1% Tax Deduction at Source (TDS) by e-commerce companies. Introduced in 2020, Section 194-O requires e-commerce operators like Amazon or hotel booking platforms to deduct 1% TDS on payments to local seller-partners for facilitating product sales or service bookings on their websites and apps.
14. India's anti-money laundering agency, the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-IND), has issued legal notices to 9 offshore cryptocurrency platforms violating domestic regulations. In March 2022, India mandated all Virtual Digital Asset Service Providers (VDA SPs) like crypto exchanges to register with FIU-IND under prevention of money laundering laws.
15. The Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal released a comprehensive "E-Commerce Exports Handbook for MSMEs" to boost overseas shipments by small businesses using online platforms. The handbook offers a definitive guide for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to harness e-commerce to drive exports.
16. The Indian government has re-enrolled 34 lakh farmers under its PM-KISAN program after numbers dropped over 20% from peak levels in 2022. This comes amidst a nationwide yatra to saturate coverage. The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi scheme provides Rs. 6,000 yearly income support to farmers in three installments. Eligible landholding families making below Rs. 6 lakhs annually get Rs. 2,000 every four months.
Science & Technology
1. Much like the dance of our solar system's planets around the Sun, a distant planetary system, residing within our own Milky Way, unveils a mesmerizing spectacle. Six worlds elegantly orbit their radiant star, akin to the choreography of our planetary companions. This celestial display is a manifestation of a phenomenon known as the "chain of resonance."
2. In its 22nd year exploring the Martian terrain, NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter has treated scientists and space enthusiasts to a breathtaking view of Mars. The recent captures showcase mesmerizing clouds, swirling dust, and a glimpse of one of Mars' moons. This unique perspective, reminiscent of the Earth's curvature seen from the International Space Station, promises to deepen our understanding of the Martian atmosphere.
3. NASA's ambitious plan to establish human settlements on the moon by 2040 has captivated the imagination of scientists, engineers, and dreamers worldwide. The Artemis program, a comprehensive initiative by the US space agency, charts a course for humanity's significant leap beyond Earth, envisioning sustainable habitats on the lunar surface.
4. A new strain of bacterial pneumonia, commonly referred to as 'White Lung Syndrome,' is causing concern in various countries, including China, Denmark, the United States, and the Netherlands. Primarily affecting children between the ages of three and eight, this illness is associated with lung damage visible as white patches on X-rays.
5. India's space agency, the Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) recently announced that the propulsion module used for the Chandrayaan-3 mission, designed to carry the lander-rover to the moon, has successfully returned to an orbit around the Earth.
6. After much anticipation and a bit of delay, Google has officially launched its latest AI system, named Gemini. Google CEO Sundar Pichai described it as the "biggest science and engineering effort" the company has undertaken, marking eight years of dedicated AI work.
7. In a historic moment for marine biology, a pregnant megamouth shark, a rare and elusive deepwater species, was discovered washed up on a beach in the Philippines last month. This is only the 60th ever seen and the first ever observed to be pregnant.
8. In 2010, Prasanna Shirol, father of a child with Pompe disease, initiated the Organisation for Rare Diseases India (ORDI), the first NGO in the country dedicated to rare diseases. His endeavor aimed at creating awareness, support, and resources for those affected by rare genetic disorders.
9. In a positive development for biodiversity, researchers from the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) have identified a new plant species in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu. Named 'Impatiens karuppusamyi,' the discovery is a testament to the rich and diverse flora of the region.
10. Scientists from Anhui Normal University have identified a new species of hedgehog, Mesechinus orientalis, in eastern China. The genus Mesechinus was previously thought to be limited to northern China and adjacent regions, but the discovery of Mesechinus orientalis in eastern China expands the known range of the genus.
11. Paleontologists have discovered a new species of mosquito, Libanoculex intermedius, in 125-million-year-old amber from Lebanon. The find is significant as it extends the definitive occurrence of the mosquito family Culicidae into the Early Cretaceous. Notably, the preserved males of this new species unexpectedly exhibit piercing mouthparts armed with sharp mandibles, suggesting that they were likely hematophagous (blood-feeding).
12. China has launched the world's deepest and largest underground physics laboratory, the Deep Underground and Ultra-low Radiation Background Facility for Frontier Physics Experiments (DURF), located beneath Jinping Mountain in Sichuan Province. The laboratory, operational after three years of extensive upgrades, aims to revolutionize the global search for dark matter, a hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or the electromagnetic field.
13. The Natural History Museum of London has revealed the discovery of the oldest disease-causing fungus, named Potteromyces asteroxylicola, dating back 407 million years. The fungus, found in fossil samples from the Rhynie Chert in Scotland, is significant for its role in plant disease during the Early Devonian period.
14. A remarkable discovery on South West England's Dorset Jurassic Coast has unveiled a giant pliosaur skull, providing unprecedented insights into the fearsome marine predator that inhabited the oceans 150 million years ago.
15. The dazzling northern and southern lights, often gracing the night sky with their green, red, and purple brilliance, captivate the hearts of travel enthusiasts worldwide. However, among these celestial displays, two unique phenomena-Steve and the glowing green "picket fence"-stand out, challenging the conventional understanding of auroras.
16. In a groundbreaking discovery, astronomers have detected the oldest black hole ever observed, residing at the heart of the GN-z11 galaxy, dating back over 13 billion years to the dawn of the universe. This cosmic behemoth, with a mass surpassing a million times that of the Sun, challenges existing theories about the evolution of black holes.
17. Researchers at Berhampur University, Odisha, have made a noteworthy discovery of a new species of marine amphipod in Chilika lake on the east coast of India. The shrimp-like crustacea, belonging to the genus Demaorchestia, has been named Demaorchestia alanensis after global expert Professor Alan Myers of University College Cork, Ireland.
18. In a significant collaborative effort, scientists from the Department of Atomic Energy and M/s. IDRS Labs Pvt. Ltd. Bengaluru have made strides in improving the quality of life for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
19. Once upon a time, precisely 72 million years ago, the Pacific seas witnessed the reign of a colossal marine predator - the "blue dragon." Recently unveiled through research published in the Journal of Systematic Paleontology, this apex predator belonged to the Late Cretaceous period and was a mosasaur, an extinct marine reptile.
20. In a groundbreaking discovery, the oldest record of humans domesticating yaks has been found in Bangga, a settlement in the Shannan prefecture of the Tibetan Autonomous Region in China. The study sheds light on the fascinating history of domestication in the region.
21. Abdoulaye Diabate, an African scientist from Burkina Faso, has been awarded the 2023 Falling Walls Prize for Science and Innovation Management for his groundbreaking research on a gene drive technology aimed at eliminating malaria and its carriers, female Anopheles mosquitoes.
22. The question of how and when humans arrived in North America has fueled heated debates in archaeology. While the traditional theory posits a land bridge migration around 13,000 years ago, recent discoveries, including 23,000-year-old footprints in New Mexico, have reignited the discussion. A new study, presented at the American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, proposes sea ice as a potential route for ancient human migration.
23. A groundbreaking method has surfaced for developing soft tunable 3D photonic crystals that control light in all directions. The introduction of nanoparticles into the blue phase liquid crystal paves the way for advanced photonic devices.
24. India has achieved a remarkable milestone in its polar research pursuits with the launch of its inaugural winter expedition to the Arctic. This groundbreaking venture, initiated at Prithvi Bhavan in New Delhi, is poised to unravel the profound impact of the Arctic on global climate, sea levels, and biodiversity.
25. The UK's Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has recently approved a new drug, Veoza, offering potential relief to women experiencing hot flushes during menopause. This non-hormonal medication has already gained approval from the US Food and Drug Administration, marking a significant development for women's health.
26. Lipedema, a connective tissue disorder causing abnormal fat accumulation in the lower extremities, poses significant challenges for those affected. The condition often goes undiagnosed due to its resemblance to obesity, affecting approximately 1 in 72,000 individuals, primarily women.
27. On 15th December 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially included noma, a severe gangrenous disease of the mouth and face, in its list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Also known as cancrum oris, noma has a high mortality rate of approximately 90%, and it is associated with extreme poverty, malnutrition, and poor sanitation.
28. Researchers have identified a new and highly rare species of bat on the French island of Corsica, located in the Mediterranean. The discovery, published in the journal Revue suisse de Zoologie in October, highlights the uniqueness and vulnerability of this newfound creature.
29. An international team of archaeologists has uncovered what is believed to be the world's oldest-known fort in a remote region of Siberia. The groundbreaking discovery challenges conventional beliefs about early human societies, suggesting that complex defense structures existed among hunter-gatherers much earlier than previously thought.
30. In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists using ground-penetrating radar and satellite imagery have identified signs of recent volcanic activity on Mars. It challenges previous assumptions about the Martian surface and hints at potential ongoing volcanic activity beneath its crust.
31. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, has achieved a significant milestone by successfully testing a novel 3D-printed Rotating Detonation Rocket Engine (RDRE). The test, lasting 251 seconds and producing more than 5,800 pounds of thrust, emulates typical requirements for a lander touchdown or a deep-space burn that could set a spacecraft on course from the Moon to Mars.
32. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up to commence the New Year with the anticipated launch of its pioneering polarimetry mission, XPoSat, slated for 1st January. This mission marks a significant milestone as the country's third space-based observatory, joining the ranks of the recently launched solar mission, Aditya-L1, and the 2015-launched AstroSat.
33. In a significant milestone in the fight against malaria, the World Health Organization (WHO) granted prequalification to the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine developed by the University of Oxford and manufactured by the biotechnology company Serum Institute of India. The announcement, made on 21st December 2023, signifies that the vaccine meets WHO standards for quality, safety, and efficacy.
34. Over a period of more than three days, the Arctic skies have been adorned with an extraordinary celestial display-rare "rainbow clouds," scientifically known as Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). This captivating phenomenon was observed in various locations, including Norway, Sweden, Finland, Alaska, and even as far as Scotland. The appearance of these vibrant clouds, starting on 18th December and continuing until 20th December, has been attributed to an unusual cold snap in the region.
35. A small team of oceanographers, in collaboration with a zoologist from Germany's SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, has made a groundbreaking discovery-the first in situ fossilized megalodon tooth in the deep sea. The findings, published in the journal Historical Biology, shed light on the conditions and significance of the ancient shark's tooth, providing a unique perspective on the megalodon's existence.
36. Researchers at the University of Tokyo predict that the omicron subvariant JN.1 (BA.2.86.1.1) is poised to become the dominant lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide. This variant, distinguished by a spike protein mutation known as L455S or "FLip," was designated a variant of interest (VOI) on 18th December 2023, following a rapid surge.
37. The Cold Moon, also known as the Long Nights Moon, refers to the full moon occurring in December each year. It gets its name from the long, cold nights typical of midwinter. This year, the Cold Moon reaches peak illumination on 26th December night.
38. India aims to establish its own permanent space station called 'Bharatiya Space Station' over the next 25 years. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has set a target to launch the first module of this station by 2028. According to recent statements by ISRO Chairman Dr. S. Somanath, the organization plans to launch the first module of Bharatiya Space Station by 2028.
39. Deepfakes are fake digital content in the form of images, videos or audios. They are created using high-end artificial intelligence tools and deep learning technology. Deep learning is a type of machine learning that uses neural net simulations to analyse large data set and create fake content.
40. In recent years, technological advances have enabled scientists to analyze legendary tales and religious mysteries with new analytical rigor. Recent research continues this quest to find scientific explanations for biblical events once attributed solely to divine intervention. A new study on the parting of the Red Sea epitomizes this trend.
41. Scientists have discovered an extinct land snail species in Romania that remarkably survived a major extinction event that killed off 75% of species on Earth, according to a new study. The newly-dubbed species, Ferussina petofiana, belongs to a rare genus called Ferussina. It lived around 72 million years ago in the late Cretaceous Period.
42. NASA has relaunched a spacecraft to explore an asteroid nicknamed the "God of Chaos" that will make an extremely close flyby of Earth in 2029. The asteroid Apophis, named after the Egyptian god of chaos, measures about 1,100 feet wide. It approaches Earth every 7,500 years, with its next close pass happening on 13th April 2029.
43. Scientists have for the first time sequenced the mitochondrial DNA of the Brahmanakenda fish found solely in Kerala's Periyar Tiger Reserve. The breakthrough offers insights to protect this critically endangered species. Lepidopygopsis typus, locally dubbed Brahmanakenda, is a monotypic freshwater fish occupying cold streams in the Western Ghat mountains.
44. Indian researchers have created a novel solar harvesting material that substitutes toxic lead with greener magnesium. This marks an important breakthrough for affordable and sustainable photovoltaics. Perovskite solar cells have shown tremendous efficiency promises at low costs. But mainstream versions use a formulation with toxic lead - hazardous for health and environment.
Government Schemes
1. Prime Minister Narendra Modi marked a significant milestone in the healthcare sector by inaugurating the 10,000 Jan Aushadhi Kendras at AIIMS, Deoghar. This event also witnessed the launch of an ambitious program aimed at increasing the number of Jan Aushadhi Kendras in the country from 10,000 to 25,000. Additionally, the Prime Minister unveiled the Pradhan Mantri Mahila Kisan Drone Kendra, reflecting a holistic approach to healthcare and agricultural prosperity.
2. The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change has introduced the Indian Forest Wood Certification Scheme. This voluntary national certification initiative aims to encourage sustainable forest management and agroforestry practices in India. The scheme encompasses forest management certification, tree outside forest management certification, and chain of custody certification.
3. In a significant move towards enhancing infrastructure in Ladakh, Union Minister Nitin Gadkari announced that the government has sanctioned a whopping Rs. 1,170.16 crore for 29 road projects in the region. This development aims to address the connectivity challenges faced by Ladakh, the largest Union Territory in terms of area and the second least populous in the country.
4. The Indian government is on a mission to achieve comprehensive coverage for the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) by 26th January, a colossal undertaking that involves incorporating 270 million additional individuals into its flagship health scheme. New directives have been issued to central ministries and agencies overseeing welfare schemes.
Awards & Honours
1. Sam Manekshaw, India's first Field Marshal, was not just a military genius but also a linguist. His proficiency in the language was not only a result of his Parsi background but also his service in an Infantry battalion with Sikh troops during the early years of his career. His biopic is set to be released on 1st December.
2. The Centre, led by a high-level committee headed by Union Home Minister Amit Shah, has approved a recovery and reconstruction plan for Joshimath in Uttarakhand. This decision comes in response to the landslide and ground subsidence that affected the region earlier this year. The approved plan allocates Rs. 1658.17 crore for the recovery and reconstruction efforts.
3. Sandra Day O'Connor, the trailblazing first female Supreme Court Justice and a pivotal swing voter in landmark cases, has passed away at the age of 93 in Phoenix. The court confirmed that her death resulted from complications associated with advanced dementia, likely Alzheimer's, and a respiratory illness.
4. In a significant milestone, Kanchan Devi, a 1991-batch Indian Forest Service Officer from the Madhya Pradesh cadre, has been appointed as the Director General (DG) of the Indian Council of Forestry Research Education (ICFRE). This marks a historic moment as Kanchan becomes the first woman officer to hold this prestigious position in the premier council under the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change.
5. The Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances (DARPG) organized the formal launch of the National Awards for e-Governance (NAeG) 2024 web portal on 8th December, 2023. The ceremony, held in hybrid mode, was attended by Central Ministries/Departments, Principal Secretaries (AR) and (IT), and DCs/DMs from all 28 States and 8 UTs of India, along with the Award Winners of NAeG 2023.
6. For centuries, the Great Wall has stood as a testament to China's dynastic prowess, embodying both ingenuity and authority. However, a recent collaborative study by researchers from China, the US, and Spain delves into the debate surrounding the impact of biocrusts on this iconic structure.
7. Kuwait is in mourning as Emir Sheikh Nawaf al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah has passed away at the age of 86. The announcement, made by Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah al-Sabah, the minister of the emiri court, was aired on state television.
8. In a tragic incident, three masons lost their lives while undertaking repairs on the ancient walls encircling the Old City of Kairouan in Tunisia-a UNESCO World Heritage site. The mishap occurred on 16th December, as a 30-meter section of the wall, near the Gate of the Floggers, collapsed during the ongoing restoration work.
9. India has achieved a remarkable milestone in its polar research pursuits with the launch of its inaugural winter expedition to the Arctic. This groundbreaking venture, initiated at Prithvi Bhavan in New Delhi, is poised to unravel the profound impact of the Arctic on global climate, sea levels, and biodiversity.
10. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Swarved Mahamandir, a majestic seven-floor temple situated in Varanasi's Umaraha area. This grand spiritual edifice is a testament to architectural splendor and serves as a center for meditation with a seating capacity for 20,000 individuals.
11. In a groundbreaking study, scientists exploring Southern California's Salton Sea, the state's largest lake, have uncovered a remarkable lithium reservoir estimated to be worth $540 billion. This 'white gold' discovery positions the United States as a potential leader in lithium production, marking a significant development for the country.
12. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has been honored with the prestigious Leif Erikson Lunar Prize in recognition of its groundbreaking Chandrayaan-3 mission. The award, presented by the Exploration Museum in Husavik, Iceland, acknowledges ISRO's exceptional contributions to lunar exploration and understanding celestial phenomena.
13. The Sahitya Akademi Awards for the year 2023 have been announced, recognizing outstanding literary works in various Indian languages. Among the notable winners are Tamil author Rajasekaran (Devibharathi) for his novel "Neervazhi Padooum," Telugu writer T. Patanjali Sastry for the short story collection "Rameshwaram Kaakulu Marikonni Kathalu," and Malayalam litterateur E. V. Ramakrishnan for his literary study "Malayala Novelinte Deshakalangal."
14. The Netflix film "Maestro," directed by Bradley Cooper and starring Cooper and Carey Mulligan, explores the life of Leonard Bernstein. Before delving into the motion picture produced by Martin Scorsese and Steven Spielberg, let's uncover the captivating story of Bernstein, a pivotal figure in Western classical music history.
15. Dr. V. Mohini Giri, a prominent women's rights activist, breathed her last recently following a brief illness. At 86, she left behind a legacy of significant contributions to the empowerment of women in India.
16. Kuwait's new emir, Sheikh Mishal al-Ahmad al-Sabah, formally assumed leadership in a swearing-in ceremony before parliament following the passing of his half-brother, Sheikh Nawaf al-Ahmad al-Sabah. The ceremony, held during a special session of the National Assembly, marked the beginning of Sheikh Mishal's rule over the Gulf monarchy.
17. The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris suffered severe damage from a devastating fire in April 2019. As restoration plans progress, a controversy has erupted over a proposal backed by President Emmanuel Macron to replace some stained-glass windows with contemporary designs. Thousands of people have signed a petition opposing this plan.
18. On 15th December, Guyana and Venezuela agreed to resolve their centuries-old border conflict over the Essequibo region peacefully, easing fears of potential military escalation. Essequibo is a sparsely populated, forested area constituting over half of Guyana's land. But Venezuela has claimed it since the 1800s when both were European colonies.
19. Senior Indian Police Service officer Nina Singh took charge as Director General of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) recently. She became the first woman to head the specialized security organization and the 30th CISF Director General.
Sports
1. Novak Djokovic and Aryna Sabalenka have been named the 2023 ITF World Champions by the International Tennis Federation. Both players showcased remarkable consistency and skill throughout the year, earning this prestigious honor. Djokovic, in particular, set a new record with his eighth ITF World Champion award.
2. Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, Shri Anurag Singh Thakur, is set to inaugurate the Khelo India Para Games 2023 in New Delhi tomorrow. The games, scheduled between 10th and 17th December, will witness the participation of more than 1400 players from 32 states, Union Territories, and the Services Sports Board at three venues in New Delhi.
3. The Indian Premier League (IPL) 2024 Auction was nothing short of a cricketing carnival, witnessing 333 players, including 214 Indians and 119 overseas players, go under the hammer. World Cup-winning Australian captain Pat Cummins became the costliest player in IPL history when he was picked up by the Sunrisers, only for his record to be beaten by teammate Mitchell Starc's Rs. 24.75 crore move to the Kolkata Knight Riders.
4. Former South Africa captain, Dean Elgar, has decided to bid farewell to international cricket after the upcoming test series against India. Elgar, known for his resilient batting and leadership skills, will play his final test at Newlands in Cape Town, starting 3rd January.
5. Indian wrestler Pooja Dhanda, a decorated athlete with international accolades, has been suspended for one year by the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) due to three whereabouts failures. This article examines the details of the case and its implications.
References:
jagranjosh.com
gktoday.in
business-standard.com
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