Current Affair of December 2024

National

1. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has sanctioned Rs. 1,750 crore for the Tato-I Hydro Electric Project in Arunachal Pradesh, which aims to enhance power supply in the region.

2. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has recently reclassified packaged drinking and mineral water. This category is now deemed "Highest Risk Food Category," which follows the removal of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) certification requirement.

3. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman will introduce the Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024, in the Lok Sabha, targets key banking laws. It includes amendments to the Reserve Bank of India Act and the Banking Regulation Act. The discussion and potential passing of this bill will occur on the same day.

4. The Lok Sabha recently witnessed the introduction of a new Bill aimed at enhancing coastal trade, presented by Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal. These protests were related to violence in Uttar Pradesh and the Adani controversy, which focuses on promoting Indian-flagged vessels owned by Indian citizens.

5. Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched new criminal laws in Chandigarh, including Union Home Minister Amit Shah. This initiative marks a shift from colonial-era legal practices, aims to enhance justice for Indian citizens.

6. A new bill, the Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak, 2024, was introduced by Union Aviation Minister Kinjarapu Rammohan Naidu. This bill replaces the outdated Aircraft Act of 1934, which was passed in the Lok Sabha in August 2024. The bill responds to recommendations from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

7. The regulatory framework for Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani medicines is governed by specific guidelines, which ensure safety, efficacy, and quality in drug manufacturing and distribution. The Drugs Rules, 1945, play a very important role in this process.

8. The Rajya Sabha has recently passed the Boilers Bill 2024, replacing the Boilers Act of 1923, which aims to enhance safety for workers operating boilers. The bill also facilitates easier business operations, especially for MSMEs. Certain offenses have been decriminalized under this new framework.

9. The SHe-Box portal has been launched to address workplace sexual harassment, which is part of the government's commitment to creating safer work environments and it has been operational since 19^th October 2024. The Ministry of Women and Child Development developed this platform, which aims to streamline the complaint process across various sectors.

10. The 25^th Hornbill Festival of Nagaland is currently underway and has sparked discussions about the state's liquor ban. The tourism minister has announced that Indian-made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) will be allowed. This decision has faced backlash from church organizations and they oppose the sale of alcohol, including traditional rice beer, at the festival.

11. The Union Cabinet has recently approved the metro corridor, which includes the Rithala-Narela-Nathupur (Kundli) stretch, aiming to enhance connectivity in the National Capital Region (NCR) as part of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation's (DMRC) Phase-IV expansion.

12. The Railways (Amendment) Bill, 2024 was introduced by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw and aims to enhance the efficiency of Indian Railways. The Bill proposes changes to governance and operations. The Bill seeks to grant statutory powers to the Railway Board, which has functioned without legal backing since its establishment.

13. The Karnataka Cabinet has recently approved new guidelines, to facilitate the transfer of surplus funds between government corporations, which aims to improve financial efficiency and reduce reliance on high-interest loans.

14. International Anti-Corruption Day is observed on 9^th December and aims to raise awareness about corruption globally. In India, corruption remains an issue, which affects both the public and private sectors. Key forms include bribery, nepotism, and embezzlement. Corruption hampers economic growth and erodes trust in institutions.

15. The Lok Sabha saw the introduction of the Merchant Shipping Bill, in 2024, which aims to modernise maritime regulations in India, spearheaded by Sarbananda Sonowal, the Union Minister of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways. The bill seeks to enhance the nation's shipping capabilities and ensure safety and security in maritime operations.

16. U.S. President-elect Donald Trump aims to end birthright citizenship, which could impact millions, especially Indian Americans. Approximately 1.6 million Indian Americans born in the U.S. may be affected. The 14^th Amendment currently guarantees automatic citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil.

17. The India Skills Report 2025, published by Wheebox and other notable organisations, reveals that Kerala has a 71% employability rate, placing it fifth among states of India. The report surveyed 6.50 lakh youths across India and found that 54.81% of respondents possess the necessary skills for employment. Kerala's figures stand out, especially among younger job seekers.

18. The fourth National Conference of Chief Secretaries is taking place in New Delhi, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which aims to enhance cooperation between Central and State Governments. The focus is on cooperative federalism to ensure effective coordination for accelerated growth and development.

19. The eCourts Mission Mode Project aims to modernize the Indian Judiciary through improved Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The project is being implemented in phases, with ongoing collaboration between the Department of Justice and the eCommittee of the Supreme Court.

20. The Karnataka government has revealed its ambitious plan to establish SWIFT City near Sarjapur in Bengaluru, aiming to enhance the start-up ecosystem and position the city as a leading industrial hub. The project follows the recent announcement of KWIN City, further emphasizing the government's focus on innovation and entrepreneurship.

21. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to visit Rajasthan on 17^th December 2024, to participate in the 'Ek Varsh-Parinaam Utkarsh' program. This event commemorates one year of governance by the Rajasthan state government. During his visit, the Prime Minister will inaugurate and lay the foundation stone for 24 infrastructure projects, with a total investment exceeding Rs. 46,300 crores.

22. The Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA) has recently approved infrastructure projects, which include the construction of the Legislative Assembly, High Court buildings, five iconic towers, and extensive roadworks for the Land Pooling Scheme (LPS). The total investment for these developments is estimated at Rs. 24,276 crore.

23. The Lok Sabha recently debated the Readjustment of Representation of Scheduled Tribes (ST) in the Goa Assembly Bill, 2024. Opposition MPs expressed concerns regarding the delayed 2021 Census and questioned the government's ability to conduct it effectively, given the lack of visible progress.

24. Bharti Airtel has recently achieved a milestone by becoming the first private telecom company to provide mobile services in seven border villages of Jammu and Kashmir. This initiative enhances connectivity for remote areas and aligns with the Vibrant Village Programme, which aims to improve infrastructure in border regions.

25. The Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) has achieved milestones by connecting all 17,130 police stations in India. This extensive network was completed recently, enabling law enforcement agencies to file and access crucial documents like first information reports (FIRs) and chargesheets across the country.

26. The Manipur Government has reinstated the Protected Area Permit (PAP) system in response to security concerns, which affects Manipur, Mizoram, and Nagaland, where an increase in foreign visitors has raised alarms. Under the PAP system, foreigners must obtain permits to visit these states, as mandated by the Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order, of 1958.

27. The Congress government in Telangana has recently announced the scrapping of the Telangana Rights in Land and Pattadar Pass Books Act, 2020, and introduced the Dharani online land records system. However, it faced extensive criticism for inaccuracies, missing passbooks, and inadequate grievance handling. Many landowners reported unresolved issues, prompting legal disputes.

28. The central government has introduced a draft bill to combat unregulated lending, which follows recommendations from the Reserve Bank of India's Working Group on Digital Lending. The bill is known as the Banning of Unregulated Lending Activities (BULA) and aims to protect borrowers from unauthorized lenders.

29. The Maharashtra assembly recently passed the Maharashtra Prisons and Correctional Services Act, 2024, aimed at modernizing the state's prison system. This legislation is based on the 2023 Model Prisons Bill from the central government and introduces substantial reforms.

30. The 55^th GST Council meeting took place in Jaisalmer, chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. The meeting focused on issues, particularly the tax treatment of gift vouchers and GST charges on Floor Space Index (FSI) payments by builders.

31. India has risen to 49^th place in the 2024 Network Readiness Index (NRI), climbing 11 positions from the previous year. This ranking is published by the Portulans Institute in Washington DC and evaluates how effectively countries utilize technology for governance and citizen engagement.

32. The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) has introduced the Dr. Ambedkar Samman Yojana, aimed at supporting Dalit students pursuing higher education abroad, revealed by Arvind Kejriwal, the AAP leader, at the party headquarters. The announcement coincides with the upcoming Delhi Assembly elections, indicating a strategic move to engage voters.

33. Justice G. S. Sandhawalia became the Chief Justice of the Himachal Pradesh High Court. Justice Narender G. was appointed as the Chief Justice of the Uttarakhand High Court. These appointments were confirmed by the Law Ministry.

34. In a political shift, President Droupadi Murmu has appointed two new governors and reassigned three others, which impacts five states, reflecting ongoing governance challenges. The changes come amidst rising tensions and ethnic conflict in regions like Manipur.

35. The Government of India has decided to postpone the release of the Good Governance Index (GGI) 2023. This decision comes just before the scheduled unveiling during Good Governance Week, which takes place from 19^th December to 25^th December. The next edition of the index is now set to be published in 2025.

36. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has published the Financial Stability Report (FSR) for December 2024, presenting an in-depth assessment of the health and stability of the Indian financial system. The FSR is released twice a year, in June and December, providing crucial insights into the stability, resilience, and risks within the financial sector.

37. The Government of India is seeking public feedback on proposed rules for Clinical Electrical Thermometers with the deadline for comments is 30^th December 2024. These draft rules were initiated by the Department of Consumer Affairs based on recommendations from the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML).

International

1. China's ambassador Wang Xiaolong cautioned that New Zealand's involvement in the AUKUS security pact could jeopardize its relationship with China, which comes as New Zealand evaluates its options regarding AUKUS.

2. India and Italy have initiated a new "Cotton Route" initiative, which aims to enhance trade relations alongside the historic Silk Route. The initiative was announced by Italy's Business Minister, Adolfo Urso, in Mumbai. Urso expressed aspirations for Italy to become India's third-largest trade partner in the EU.

3. The United States has revealed a new military aid package for Ukraine, which totals $725 million and also includes critical supplies to enhance Ukraine's defence capabilities. The announcement comes amid growing tensions with Russia and aims to boost Ukraine's military readiness.

4. Chinese President Xi Jinping and Nepali Prime Minister K. P. Sharma Oli met recently to enhance bilateral ties. Both leaders expressed a commitment to deepening their partnership, which coincides with the upcoming 70^th anniversary of diplomatic relations.

5. The Employee's State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) recently gained recognition at the Regional Social Security Forum for Asia and the Pacific, which took place in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on 3^rd December 2024. ESIC received multiple awards for its contributions to social security and healthcare.

6. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan reached an agreement on 4^th December 2024, resolving long-standing border disputes. The two countries share a 970-kilometre border that has been a source of conflict since the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991.

7. India and Kuwait have recently signed a Memorandum of About (MoU) to enhance their partnership. This agreement established a Joint Commission for Cooperation (JCC) at the foreign minister's level, which took place during Kuwait's Foreign Minister Abdullah Ali Al Yahya's official visit to India.

8. India and Egypt recently concluded their 13^th round of Foreign Office Consultations in New Delhi. This meeting was co-chaired by Arun Kumar Chatterjee and Ambassador Ahmed Shaheen. The discussions aimed to enhance the existing relations between the two nations.

9. India has been selected to chair the 68^th session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND). This announcement was made by the Indian Embassy in Austria. Ambassador Shambhu S. Kumaran has officially assumed the role of Chairman, which marks India's first time leading this UN forum.

10. Burkina Faso's military government has appointed Rimtalba Jean Emmanuel Ouedraogo as the new Prime Minister. He was previously the Communications Minister was announced by junta leader Ibrahim Traore on state television. This change follows the dissolution of the government without prior explanation.

11. The International Energy Agency (IEA) hosted a groundbreaking conference on 4^th - 5^th December 2024, in Paris. This meeting united leaders from governments, the energy sector, technology firms, and civil society, the focus was on the intersection of energy and artificial intelligence (AI).

12. The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) will mark its 67^th Foundation Day on 4^th December 2024, will take place in New Delhi. Senior officials from Indian law enforcement and the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) will attend. DRI will release the annual report titled 'Smuggling in India Report 2023-24', will detail its activities and trends in anti-smuggling and commercial fraud.

13. India and Nicaragua recently signed an agreement to implement Quick Impact Projects (QIPs), which took place in Managua, Nicaragua's capital. Indian Ambassador Sumit Seth and Nicaragua's Foreign Minister Valdrack Jaentschke signed the agreement, enhancing local communities through various initiatives.

14. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has recently been recognized as "the Most Powerful Person in Europe" by Politico, putting stress on the growing influence of right-wing populists across the continent. Meloni's ascent marks a shift in European politics, as centrist leaders face increasing challenges.

15. The Islamist group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) led the offensive that forced Bashar al-Assad to flee, resulting in the appointment of Mohammad al-Bashir as the new head of a transitional government. Bashir previously led the rebel-controlled Salvation Government, which provided essential services in areas cut off from the Assad regime.

16. India has recently joined majority of nations in supporting a United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution aimed at achieving a ceasefire in the Gaza Strip. This resolution comes amidst escalating violence and humanitarian concerns in the region.

17. The second round of India-Iran-Armenia Trilateral Consultations occurred recently in New Delhi, centered on enhancing the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and the strategic importance of Chabahar Port. This meeting was built on the first consultation held in Yerevan in April 2023.

18. The first India-Philippines Maritime Dialogue took place in Manila, marking a step in bilateral relations. Both nations addressed current maritime challenges and explored collaborative opportunities for mutual growth. Both countries show the necessity of adhering to international maritime regulations.

19. Britain has officially become the first European nation to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), making the UK the 12^th member of this influential trade group. The CPTPP includes various countries such as Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and several others, collectively representing a vast market.

20. In development for tourism, Indian tourists may soon travel to Russia without a visa, which could commence in spring 2025, following discussions between Russia and India aimed at facilitating easier travel for tourists.

21. Moldova has recently become a member of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), as announced by the Ministry of External Affairs. This decision reflects Moldova's commitment to promoting sustainability and renewable energy. The agreement was formalized in New Delhi, where India's External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and Moldovan Deputy Prime Minister Mihai Popsoi signed the necessary documents.

22. The Israeli government has recently approved a settlement expansion plan in the Golan Heights, allocating over $11.13 million for the initiative, following rising tensions in the region, particularly after political shifts in Syria.

23. International Migrants Day is observed globally on 18^th December each year and aims to raise awareness about the rights of migrants and the challenges they encounter. Recently, the theme has been set by the European Parliament, focusing on honoring migrant's contributions and respecting their rights.

24. India and Liberia recently held their inaugural Foreign Office Consultations in Monrovia, aimed to enhance bilateral relations across various sectors. Key officials from both nations participated, encouraging a collaborative environment for discussions.

25. Sri Lanka has introduced a new visa policy effective from January 2025, granting free visa travel to citizens from 39 countries, including India. This announcement was made by Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Vijitha Herath during an event in New Delhi, and aims to strengthen bilateral relations between Sri Lanka and India.

26. Recently, India emerged as the largest purchaser of Russian oil, overtaking China, which coincided with the establishment of the Eastern Maritime Corridor, which has enhanced trade between India and Russia. The new sea route from Chennai to Vladivostok has streamlined the transport of various commodities.

27. The Phewa Dialogue series commenced recently, marking collaboration between Nepal and China, in Pokhara, a city renowned for its picturesque lake. Former President Bidya Devi Bhandari inaugurated the dialogue, denoting its importance for regional cooperation.

28. Shri Jaideep Mazumdar represented India at the 24^th BIMSTEC Senior Officials Meeting, on 19^th December 2024, and was hosted by Thailand. Officials reviewed BIMSTEC's progress since March 2023. They focused on sustainable development, connectivity, security, and cultural exchanges.

29. Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently met with Sheikh Meshal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al Sabah, the Amir of Kuwait. They discussed various areas of cooperation, enhancing their nation's strategic partnership and reflecting the ongoing commitment to boost ties between India and Kuwait.

30. Maia Sandu has commenced her second term as President of the Republic of Moldova. She was re-elected in a runoff election held this November, having originally won the presidency in 2020, which reflects continued public support for her vision and policies.

31. The UAE has solidified its position as Africa's largest investor in new business projects, committing $110 billion (£88 billion) to various initiatives from 2019 to 2023, with $72 billion specifically allocated to renewable energy. This investment trend has outpaced traditional investors like the UK, France, and China, who are reducing their involvement in the continent.

32. A devastating plane crash occurred in South Korea, resulting in the loss of 177 lives out of 181 individuals on board. The incident involved a Jeju Air flight that was en route from Bangkok to Muan International Airport. The crash took place approximately 290 kilometers south of Seoul during the landing phase.

33. The United Nations Security Council has sanctioned a new mission for the African Union in Somalia, named AUSSOM, which is set to commence on 1^st January 2025. It will replace the existing larger AU anti-terrorism operation, addressing ongoing security challenges in the region.

Defence

1. Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently addressed the 59^th All India Conference of Directors General/Inspector Generals of Police in Bhubaneswar, which took place on 30^th November and 1^st December 2024. The Prime Minister emphasized the need for a modernized and strategic police force.

2. The Indian Navy conducted a successful test of the K-4 ballistic missile, which took place in the Bay of Bengal and involved the new nuclear-powered submarine, INS Arighaat. The missile has a range of 3,500 km, which enhances India's nuclear deterrence capabilities.

3. The Indian Army has introduced an online learning platform named Eklavya, which coincides with the "Decade of Transformation" and the Year of Technology Absorption in 2024. General Upendra Dwivedi, the Chief of the Army Staff, inaugurated the platform.

4. CINBAX is the first joint exercise between the Indian Army and the Cambodian Army, commenced on 1^st December 2024, and will conclude on 8^th December 2024. The exercise takes place at the Foreign Training Node in Pune. Each army has dispatched 20 personnel to participate. The focus is on planning joint Counter-Terrorism (CT) operations under United Nations guidelines.

5. On 2^nd December 2024, the Biden administration informed Congress about military sale to India, valued at approximately $1.17 billion. It aims to enhance India's defence capabilities and the focus is on improving anti-submarine warfare.

6. Russia is advancing its military capabilities with the RS-28 Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile, known as "Satan 2," is element of Russia's nuclear strategy. Despite facing challenges and some unsuccessful tests, its deployment is imminent.

7. China has recently intensified its export restrictions to the United States, which follows new U.S. regulations targeting the Chinese chip industry. The trade tensions between the two nations are escalating. On 3^rd December, China banned exports of critical minerals to the U.S., which includes gallium, germanium, and antimony.

8. The Defence Acquisition Council has recently approved military equipment purchases totaling over 21,772 crore rupees. These approvals were made under the leadership of Defence Minister Rajnath Singh in New Delhi.

9. India and the UK recently convened the second 2+2 Foreign and Defence Dialogue in New Delhi, aimed to enhance their Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. High-level officials from both nations participated in the discussions.

10. Indian Navy Day is celebrated on 4^th December each year, which honors the Indian Navy's dedication to protecting the nation's maritime borders. The day commemorates Operation Trident from the 1971 India-Pakistan war, which showcased India's naval strength with attack on Karachi.

11. India and Vietnam recently held the 3^rd Security Dialogue in Hanoi to strengthen their partnership and focus on global and regional security issues. Pavan Kapoor represented India as Deputy National Security Adviser and Lt. Gen. Pham The Tung represented Vietnam as Deputy Minister of Public Security. They led discussions on various security topics.

12. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has launched a new performance rating system, which aims to enhance accountability in highway construction and maintenance. The system evaluates concessionaires every six months and ratings will be publicly available on NHAI's website and social media platforms.

13. Himachal Pradesh's Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu announced plans to establish drone stations across the state as part of a transformative project to enhance disaster management. This innovative approach aims to address climate change challenges effectively and the government has allocated Rs. 800 crore for this initiative.

14. The recent Commander's Conference of the Western Air Command (WAC) took place in New Delhi, led by Air Chief Marshal A. P. Singh. He emphasized the need for rigorous training in multi-domain warfare. The conference gathered key commanders from the WAC, which served as a platform for strategic discussions. The focus was on enhancing operational readiness.

15. Armed Forces Flag Day is commemorated annually on 7^th December and honours the bravery and sacrifices of Indian soldiers. It serves as a reminder of their dedication to the nation, which began in 1949 and aims to support the welfare of armed forces personnel.

16. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh is set to commission the Indian Navy's latest frigate, INS Tushil, at Yantra Shipyard in Kaliningrad, Russia. Admiral Dinesh K. Tripathi, Chief of Naval Staff, will attend the ceremony. INS Tushil is a multi-role stealth-guided missile frigate, that enhances India's naval capabilities.

17. India and Russia are finalising a defence agreement, that involves installing a Voronezh ballistic missile warning radar in Chitradurga, Karnataka. The radar is valued at approximately US$4 billion, developed by Almaz-Antey, this system enhances missile detection capabilities.

18. The Defence Ministry recently finalised a contract valued at 13,500 crore rupees with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), which involves the procurement of 12 Su-30MKL aircraft, along with essential equipment. The acquisition aims to enhance the operational capabilities of the Indian Air Force and strengthen national defence.

19. The 9^th India-Thailand defence dialogue was held in New Delhi, signifies a very important advancement in the defence relationship between India and Thailand. Co-chaired by Amitabh Prasad and General Tharapong Malakam, the dialogue aimed to enhance collaboration in defence.

20. The United States has developed an advanced anti-missile system named Dark Eagle, which is designed to intercept enemy missiles mid-air, showcasing technological advancements in missile defence. Dark Eagle employs medium-range missiles capable of launching at speeds reaching 20,826 km/h, and incorporates a two-stage missile design, with one stage housing a hypersonic glide warhead.

21. India, France, and the UAE have commenced an air combat exercise named "Desert Knight" over the Arabian Sea, which aims to enhance defence cooperation among the three nations. The exercise focuses on improving the air force's ability to operate collaboratively in complex combat scenarios.

22. The 4^th India-Malaysia Joint Military Exercise, HARIMAU SHAKTI, has begun at Bentong Camp in Malaysia's Pahang district and will continue until 15^th December 2024. India is represented by 78 personnel from the MAHAR Regiment. Malaysia has 123 personnel from the Royal Malaysian Regiment.

23. The Indian Navy is set to launch the fourth edition of 'SAMPARK' on 16^th December 2024, which aims to enhance healthcare access for Naval Veterans, Veer Naris, and their families in Maharashtra. The initiative reflects the Navy's dedication to the well-being of veterans, particularly those residing in remote regions.

24. SLINEX 2024 is set to take place from 17^th to 20^th December off the coast of Visakhapatnam, organised by the Eastern Naval Command, and involves India and Sri Lanka, aiming to enhance maritime cooperation between the two nations.

25. General Upendra Dwivedi, the Chief of the Indian Army, recently concluded a three-day visit to India by General Ashok, the Chief of the Nepali Army. This visit aimed to enhance military cooperation and strengthen the longstanding ties between the two nations.

26. General Upendra Dwivedi, Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, recently attended the 2^nd Land Forces Summit (LFS) 2024, which took place with participation from Army Chiefs and senior generals from Japan, the US, Australia, and the Philippines. The summit brought into light India's strategic role in the Indian Ocean Region and emphasised the importance of multinational defence cooperation.

27. The Indian Navy is set to commission its new survey ship, INS Nirdeshak, on 18^th December 2024, will take place at the Naval Dockyard in Visakhapatnam, featuring the Hon'ble Raksha Rajya Mantri, Shri Sanjay Seth, as the Chief Guest. This event marks a milestone in India's naval capabilities.

28. The National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA) is preparing to submit its final report on the Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Scheme (KLIS) by December 2024. This report will not include the geotechnical tests previously requested by the state government. The NDSA requires these tests to assess the technical specifications of the barrage, which is vital for future decisions regarding KLIS.

29. The Indian Army has recently inaugurated the Artificial Intelligence Incubation Centre (IAAIIC) in Bengaluru, putting stress on the Army's commitment to integrating advanced technologies into its operations. The centre aims to enhance the Army's capabilities and develop a skilled workforce in AI.

30. The Indian Navy is set to commission INS Nirdeshak, its latest survey ship, is very important for hydrographic surveys and navigation support. It represents India's commitment to self-reliance in defense, with over 80% of its components sourced domestically. The ship was constructed by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) in Kolkata and weighs approximately 3,800 tonnes.

31. The DIA-CoE event "DIA-GARIMA" took place at IIT Delhi on 19^th December 2024, which focuses on enhancing indigenous military applications through collaboration among defence organisations, academic institutions, and industry partners. The event witnessed the signing of ten agreements aimed at boosting defence technology.

32. The Vietnam Coast Guard Ship CSB 8005 departed Kochi after a successful visit that enhanced cooperation between the Vietnam Coast Guard (VCG) and the Indian Coast Guard (ICG). This four-day visit included various activities aimed at improving maritime security collaboration.

33. Union Home Minister Amit Shah recently addressed the '37^th Intelligence Bureau Centenary Endowment Lecture' in New Delhi. Shah emphasized the importance of a robust intelligence system in safeguarding national sovereignty and supporting economic growth.

34. The Ministry of Defence has launched the 'Rashtraparv' website and mobile app, which aims to facilitate public access to information regarding national festivals. Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh brought into light the platform's simplicity and user-friendliness. Citizens can now easily stay informed about various events and celebrations.

35. India's Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) has made advancements with the Kaveri engine, which is now ready for inflight testing, marking a very important moment in India's pursuit of self-reliance in aerospace technology, particularly for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

36. Recent social media activity has showcased new Chinese combat aircraft, reflecting advancements in aerospace technology, coincide with notable anniversaries, including the J-20 stealth fighter's rollout and Mao Zedong's birthday.

37. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres recently honored Brigadier General Amitabh Jha of India, who served with the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) in the Golan Heights. Guterres praised Jha's leadership and commitment to UN peacekeeping missions.

38. INS Sarvekshak docked at Port Louis, Mauritius, marks a collaboration between India and Mauritius in the field of hydrography. The ship's arrival was met with a warm welcome from Indian and Mauritian officials, underscoring the importance of this joint initiative.

39. Instances of GPS interference, including spoofing, are escalating, particularly in conflict zones, which are critical near India's borders with Pakistan and Myanmar, where over 10% of aircraft reported navigation inaccuracies. OPSGROUP, a network of aviation professionals, marks these areas as concerns.

40. The Indian Ministry of Defence has recently signed two contracts for submarine projects, totalling approximately 2,867 crore rupees, aiming to enhance the capabilities of the Indian Navy and support the country's self-reliance in defence technology.

41. A contingent of 334 Indian Army personnel has departed for Nepal to participate in the 18^th Battalion Level Joint Military Exercise, known as SURYA KIRAN. This exercise is scheduled to occur in Saljhandi, Nepal, from 31^st December 2024 to 13^th January 2025, a annual event that alternates between India and Nepal.

Business, Economy & Banking

1. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has appointed Masato Kanda as its 11^th President. His term begins on 24^th February 2025, and succeeds Masatsugu Asakawa, who will leave office the day before. Kanda will complete Asakawa's term, which ends on 23^rd November 2026.

2. The Rajya Sabha intended to discuss the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill, 2024. However, the session concluded without any progress on the matter. The bill aims to stabilise policies for oil and gas companies, which seeks to promote international arbitration. The goal is to boost domestic production and reduce reliance on costly oil imports.

3. India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI) reached a milestone in October 2024, recording 16.58 billion transactions in one month. This marks a 45% increase from the previous year. The total amount transacted was Rs. 23.49 lakh crore. UPI continues to revolutionize India's digital payment landscape.

4. The Government of India is developing a unified online platform called the National Legal Metrology Portal (eMaap), which aims to connect all State Legal Metrology Departments. The portal will streamline various processes, enhancing efficiency in legal metrology.

5. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has raised the UPI Lite wallet limit from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 5,000, which aims to encourage digital transactions. The new rules were announced recently and are effective immediately.

6. The Reserve Bank of India's innovation unit, RBIH, has introduced MuleHunter.AI, which aims to combat financial fraud effectively and specifically targets mule accounts used in illegal activities. Recent statistics show that online financial frauds account for 67.8% of cybercrime complaints, putting stress on the pressing need for advanced fraud detection tools.

7. A parliamentary committee has endorsed reforms in the insurance sector, aiming to enhance the industry's efficiency and competitiveness. The Insurance Amendment Bill proposes several key changes. The committee supports allowing composite licenses. Insurers would be able to offer both life and non-life products under one license.

8. India's foreign exchange reserves have experienced a notable rise. On 9^th November, the reserves reached 658.09 billion dollars, an increase of 1.51 billion dollars. This marks the first rise in nine weeks after the reserves had previously fallen to a five-month low.

9. Donor countries pledged $100 billion to the World Bank's International Development Association (IDA), which targets 78 low-income nations. It aims to provide grants and low-interest loans and the new total exceeds the previous $93 billion from 2021.

10. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das announced a new podcast series to enhance public communication. This initiative aims to improve financial literacy and will provide clear vital information about monetary policy.

11. India has achieved the milestone in foreign direct investment (FDI), with inflows surpassing $1 trillion between April 2000 and September 2024. This achievement puts stress on India's status as a secure investment destination.

12. The Reserve Bank of India has published the latest edition of the Handbook of Statistics on Indian States for 2023-24, which presents crucial data on the regional economies of India. It includes vital information about demographics, health, and economic indicators. The data spans from 1951 to 2024, providing a historical context for analysis.

13. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently revised its growth forecast for 2024-25 and estimate stands at 6.6%. In contrast, S&P Global maintains a slightly higher projection of 6.8%, marking differing perspectives on India's economic trajectory.

14. Liquidity in the banking system is tightening as mid-month payments for GST and advance taxes approach, which has led to increased demand for funds at the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) variable rate repo (VRR) auction. The recent VRR auction saw banks submitting bids exceeding the RBI's offered amount.

15. India is currently grappling with hurdles in its efforts to reduce the fiscal deficit to 4.5% of GDP by the fiscal year 2025-26. which peaked at 9.5% of GDP during the pandemic, and has seen slow recovery. Analysts expressed skepticism about the feasibility of achieving this ambitious target amidst a sluggish economic growth environment.

16. Senior officials from India's Ministry of Finance and the UK's HM Treasury convened to discuss financial cooperation. This dialogue involved key regulatory bodies, including the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), and the Bank of England (BoE).

17. India's data centre industry is transforming, with investments projected to surpass $100 billion by 2027. The sector has attracted approximately $60 billion in investment from 2019 to 2024, reflecting its appeal to global and local investors.

18. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has initiated measures to address the growing issue of unclaimed deposits, arising from inactive savings or current accounts, as well as unclaimed term deposits. The RBI aims to safeguard depositor interests while facilitating the reclamation of these funds.

19. Suchi Semicon has inaugurated Gujarat's first Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Testing (OSAT) plant in Surat, marking an advancement in India's semiconductor manufacturing landscape. The OSAT plant covers an area of 30,000 square feet and provides essential services like assembling testing, and packaging semiconductor components.

20. India is currently navigating economic transitions. Recent discussions in Mumbai focused on strategies for enhancing financial mobilization. The workshop, hosted by NITI Aayog, the University of California, Berkeley, and IGIDR, brought together various stakeholders to address these challenges.

21. The OPEC Fund for International Development has recently approved nearly $1 billion in funding to support various development projects worldwide. This decision was made during the 190^th Governing Board meeting held in Vienna and aims to address critical areas such as infrastructure, food security, renewable energy, and economic resilience.

22. India has made strides in the global smartphone market and has risen from 23^rd to 3^rd place in smartphone exports since 2019. In November 2024, India's smartphone exports exceeded 20,000 crore rupees in a single month. This achievement has been celebrated by officials and marks a very important moment in India's manufacturing landscape.

23. The Indian capital markets have experienced remarkable growth since the Covid-19 pandemic and retail investor participation has transformed the landscape of investment in the country. This trend reflects a broader shift towards financial literacy and investment awareness among the populace.

24. Delhi and Bengaluru emerged as players in India's cryptocurrency landscape, and contributed notably to the national investment portfolio, especially in the Layer-1 category. According to a recent report, Delhi and Bengaluru accounted for 30.5% of India's overall crypto investments, showcasing its growing influence.

25. The Alternative Assets market in India is currently valued at $400 billion and is projected to expand to $2 trillion over the next decade. The growth is attributed to sophisticated investors seeking better portfolio diversification and higher returns. Regulatory changes have also played a role.

26. The Income Tax Department has reported impressive growth in direct tax collections for the financial year 2024-25, surpassing 19.21 lakh crore rupees, marking a substantial 20.32% increase compared to the previous year. This growth reflects a strong economic recovery and improved compliance among taxpayers.

27. The World Bank has recently approved a substantial funding package aimed at boosting Ukraine's financial and economic stability. This initiative, announced on 18^th December 2024, includes a combination of grants and loans, reflecting international support for Ukraine amidst ongoing challenges.

28. India continues to lead the world in remittances, with non-resident Indians (NRIs) sending home a remarkable $129 billion in 2024, marking an increase from the previous year's remittance of Rs. 8.95 lakh crore. The World Bank report confirms India's position as the largest recipient, outpacing Mexico, China, the Philippines, and Pakistan.

29. The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, enacted in 2003, aims to maintain fiscal discipline in India, introduced by Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha in 2000 and became effective on 5^th July 2004. The Act mandates the government to manage its finances responsibly, reducing the fiscal deficit and ensuring financial stability.

30. Real-time payments are revolutionizing India's financial landscape with a recent study predicting that this technology will contribute $76.5 billion to India's economy by 2028. This figure represents 1.5% of the nation's GDP, equivalent to the output of approximately 8 million workers.

31. The GST Council has recently made updates to enhance tax compliance and clarity in the tax framework, aim to reduce tax evasion, and simplify tax processes for businesses and consumers. he Council approved a new "Track and Trace Mechanism" for goods susceptible to tax evasion and will employ unique identification marks on products and packaging.

32. The Government of India has recently partnered with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to enhance sustainable infrastructure, which involves a substantial loan of $500 million aimed at encouraging environmentally friendly projects. The agreement includes a government guarantee, ensuring the funds will be effectively utilized, and will be channeled through the India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited (IIFCL).

33. India has experienced a notable decrease in domestic migration, with recent data indicating that the number of domestic migrants fell by nearly 12% from 2011 to 2023. The Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council (EAC-PM) reported that the total number of migrants in 2023 stands at approximately 40.20 crore.

34. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has introduced amendments to enhance consumer protection in the telecom sector. The Telecom Consumers Protection (Twelfth Amendment) Regulations, 2024, and the Telecommunication Tariff (Seventieth Amendment) Order, 2024 were published recently, aim to improve the experience for consumers while ensuring fair practices among service providers.

35. The GST Council has recently approved a proposal to streamline the registration process for new and small businesses and aims to enable registration within three working days, reducing bureaucratic hurdles. It addresses issues such as excessive questioning by tax officials and fraudulent practices involving fake identities for Input Tax Credit (ITC) claims.

36. Union Home Minister Amit Shah addressed the North East Bankers Conclave 2024 in Agartala, Tripura, which aimed to encourage financial institutions to invest in the region's development. Shah expressed confidence in the Northeast becoming a key player in India's overall development.

37. In the financial year 2024, banks reported increase in fraud cases, with a total of 36,066 incidents, more than doubles the 13,537 cases recorded in 2023. Despite the rise in the number of cases, the financial impact was notably lower, with fraud amounts reaching Rs. 13,175 crore, the lowest in a decade.

38. India's coal production reached unprecedented levels in the fiscal year 2023-24, totalling 997.826 million tonnes. This marked an impressive increase of 11.71% from the previous year's output of 893.191 million tonnes. By mid-December 2024, India had already supplied approximately 963.11 million tonnes of coal, reflecting robust demand and efficient supply chains.

39. BEML Ltd has recently revealed the BD475-2 Dozer, marking a milestone in India's engineering capabilities. This crawler dozer, the largest and most advanced in the country, showcases India's commitment to self-reliance in manufacturing.

40. The India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) has marked its second anniversary and has strengthened the economic ties between India and Australia. The Government of India aims to enhance collaboration and innovation to support its goal of becoming a developed nation by 2047.

41. Indian banks have reported improvements in their financial performance during the 2023-24 fiscal year. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has noted a notable decrease in bad loans and a rise in profits, reflecting robust economic conditions.

Science & Technology

1. Recent findings from Namibia's High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) observatory have revealed the most energetic cosmic rays to date. These cosmic rays exhibit energies of up to 40 teraelectronvolts (TeV), which is 40,000 times more potent than visible light. The research, published in Physical Review Letters, indicates that these rays lose energy during their journey through space, which loss occurs due to interactions with light and magnetic fields.

2. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) will enforce new traceability guidelines on 1^st December 2024, to combat spam and fraudulent messages. Concerns arose about delays in receiving messages and one-time passwords (OTPs).

3. India has a long history with nuclear energy, with the Atomic Energy Commission established shortly after independence. Over 75 years, the country has developed a nuclear power capacity of 8,180 MW, which includes 2,000 MW from Russia. While this capacity is modest, India possesses the technology and uranium access to expand its nuclear sector.

4. The India International Science Festival (IISF) 2024 will take place from 30^th November to 3^rd December 2024, at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. This year, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) leads the event, which is supported by the National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST).

5. ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) will take off from Sriharikota on 4^th December 2024, at 4:08 pm. The launch involves collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA) and New Space India Limited (NSIL).

6. The 14^th Asia-Oceania Meteorological Satellite User's Conference (AOMSUC-14) is set for 4^th to 6^th December 2024 in New Delhi, will be hosted by India Meteorological Department (IMD). The conference will feature presentations, panel discussions, and workshops. The focus will be on utilising satellite data for weather and climate studies.

7. The Marburg virus has recently emerged as health threat in Africa, which has led to at least 15 deaths and hundreds of infections in Rwanda. The virus has rapidly spread across 17 African countries within the last two months.

8. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) poses global health threat, claims approximately 3,40,000 lives annually. The disease is particularly lethal for individuals with pre-existing lung conditions. Research from AIIMS in Delhi reveals that about one in three patients with lung disease may succumb to CPA.

9. Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) has gained attention in cancer research. Recent studies have found it in many types of tumours, showing its key role in cancer biology. ecDNA was discovered 50 years ago as a small genetic fragment in cancer cells. Initially, it was thought to appear in only 1.4% of tumours.

10. Recent research marks the potential of Subabul seedpods in managing insulin resistance associated with type II diabetes. This traditional medicinal plant, known scientifically as Leucaena leucocephala, is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.

11. Recent data from Zscaler ThreatLabz reveals that India has become the primary target for mobile malware attacks. The report covers mobile threat transactions from June 2023 to May 2024. India now accounts for 28% of global mobile malware incidents, which surpasses the United States, which stands at 27.3%, and Canada at 15.9%. The rise in attacks marks a growing cybersecurity crisis.

12. Recent research has revealed a long-lost human species named Homo juluensis, which could reshape our understanding of human evolution. Scientists previously viewed evolution as a linear process and new findings suggest a more complex evolutionary tree.

13. A new strain of bird flu, A(H5N1) has emerged and spreads more easily through the air, which was first identified by a dairy worker in Texas. The strain has also been found in polecats and minks. Researchers at Erasmus University Medical Center conducted a study that revealed specific mutations in the virus.

14. Recent research from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) has revealed findings that could enhance treatments for malaria and Covid-19. Scientists discovered the very important role of the human protein Hsp70 in the spread of these diseases. This work involved collaboration between Indian and Russian researchers.

15. A team of Romanian researchers has recently identified two new species of feather mites in Meghalaya's subtropical forests. This discovery occurred during a study of local bird populations, specifically Old World flycatchers. The mites, named Trouessartia thalassina and Proterothrix sibillae, were found on the Verditer Flycatcher and the Small Niltava. This finding puts stress on India's rich biodiversity and the need for conservation efforts.

16. Telangana has partnered with Google to establish the Google Safety Engineering Centre (GSEC) in Hyderabad, which marks India's first GSEC and the fifth globally. The centre's focus is on enhancing security and online safety products for the Indian market.

17. The Rajya Sabha recently passed amendments to the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Act, of 1948, which marks an important step towards modernising energy policies and achieving green energy goals. The original 1948 law was established during the early days of oil and gas exploration.

18. The Sentinel-1C satellite was launched successfully and took place from Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana, marking the return of the Vega-C rocket. The rocket had not launched commercially since its first mission failure two years ago.

19. Recent research identifies the Indian Astronomical Observatory in Hanle, Ladakh, as the best site for transmitting quantum signals into space, which is very important for developing satellite-based quantum communications. Scientists from the Raman Research Institute conducted a study to identify a suitable location for quantum signal transmission.

20. Recent observations reveal intriguing features in Jupiter's atmosphere including Earth-sized dark ovals, only visible in ultraviolet light, have been detected. These spots appear in the haze layers near the poles, particularly the south pole. They are present approximately 75% of the time there, but only 12.5% at the north pole.

21. The India Internet Governance Forum (IIGF) 2024 is scheduled for 9^th - 10^th December 2024, at the Bharat Mandapam Convention Center in New Delhi. The event is supported by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and the National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI). This forum gathers experts and stakeholders to discuss Internet governance.

22. Recent research marks the potential of filgotinib for treating Crohn's disease, published in The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, examined filgotinib's safety and efficacy. Crohn's disease leads to chronic inflammation in the digestive system. Current therapies often fall short due to side effects and diminishing effectiveness.

23. A team of scientists has identified a new damselfish species, that occurred near the Maldives, published in the journal ZooKeys. It marks the importance of deep-sea coral reefs, which are often overlooked. The new species is named Chromis abadhah, found during explorations of mesophotic zones.

24. IIT Madras has completed a 410-meter Hyperloop test track, which was announced by Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw. The project involves collaboration between the Railways, IIT Madras Avishkar Hyperloop team, and TuTr, a startup from IIT Madras.

25. Researchers have developed a new material that transforms waste heat into energy and uses fere-crystals with twisted layers. The material boasts a high thermoelectric figure of merit, exceeding 2, effectively capturing waste heat from various sources.

26. Researchers in Japan have made strides in hydrogen fuel production, which utilizes water and sunlight and employs a special reactor with photocatalytic sheets, to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. This innovation aims to create renewable hydrogen fuel and it does so without releasing greenhouse gases.

27. Google has launched its latest quantum chip, Willow, an advancement in quantum computing technology. Willow can solve complex problems in mere minutes and in contrast, the fastest supercomputer would take an unfathomable 10 septillion years for the same task, showcasing the transformative potential of quantum computing.

28. The Agriculture and Water Technology Development Hub (AWaDH) at IIT Ropar revealed a new Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Gateway and Node System, which is part of the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS), funded by the Government of India.

29. Preparations for India's Gaganyaan mission are advancing rapidly and the first uncrewed flight is set for late 2024. Key components have been delivered to the launch site in Sriharikota and the crew escape system is operational and ready for deployment.

30. IIT Madras revealed advanced 3D images of the fetal brain from the Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, which marks a milestone in brain mapping technology. India is now a global leader in neuroscience research and the project promises potential treatments for various brain-related health issues.

31. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has recently clarified the definitions of international and domestic SMS traffic, which follows a request from the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) in August 2022. TRAI aimed to provide clear guidelines to improve regulatory understanding and compliance.

32. Google's DeepMind team recently launched GenCast, a new AI model that excels in weather prediction and has surpassed the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). GenCast provides faster and more accurate forecasts, extending up to 15 days ahead.

33. The announcement of the 'Bharat Antariksha Station' marks a milestone, and is expected to be operational by 2035. An Indian astronaut is also anticipated to land on the moon by 2040, which reflects India's growing capabilities in space technology.

34. Elon Musk is the first person to achieve a net worth of $400 billion, a milestone driven by financial moves and political developments. Musk sold shares of SpaceX, which greatly increased his wealth, and the recent U.S. election results also played an important role in this financial surge.

35. NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) has recently investigated the X-ray binary system Swift J1727.8-1613, also known as Swift J1727. This system consists of two stars in orbit, one collapsed into a black hole after exhausting its nuclear fuel.

36. OpenAI has introduced Sora, a cutting-edge AI tool that transforms written commands into videos, marking advancement in text-to-video technology, allowing users to create imaginative content effortlessly. However, OpenAI is prioritizing safety and ethical considerations in its deployment.

37. The European Space Agency (ESA) has officially confirmed the EnVision mission to explore Venus, which aims to deepen our understanding of Earth's closest planetary neighbor. Scheduled to launch in 2031, EnVision will utilize advanced radar technology to penetrate Venus's harsh surface conditions.

38. Recent discoveries have brought to light the extraordinary volcanic activity on Jupiter's moon Io. NASA's Juno mission has provided new insights, confirming Io as the most volcanically active body in our solar system, published in Nature, addresses a long-standing mystery regarding the source of Io's intense volcanism.

39. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has achieved a milestone by completing a sea-level test of its CE20 cryogenic engine, at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu, this test is crucial for upcoming space missions. The CE20 engine is designed to power the upper stage of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3).

40. The Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) has established four Smart Advanced Manufacturing and Rapid Transformation Hub (SAMARTH) Centres, aiming to enhance competitiveness in the Indian capital goods sector. The centers are strategically located in Pune, Delhi, and Bengaluru, focusing on Industry 4.0 technologies.

41. In March 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will launch the NISAR satellite, a milestone in space exploration, the 2.8-tonne satellite will be deployed using the GSLV Mk-II rocket. NISAR represents a collaborative effort between India and the United States, culminating in a Rs. 5,000 crore project initiated in 2009.

42. India has taken a step forward in diabetes research with the establishment of its first diabetes biobank in Chennai, spearheaded by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in collaboration with the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF), aims to enhance scientific understanding of diabetes and its variations in the Indian population.

43. The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) has recently upgraded its Search and Rescue Aid Tool (SARAT), which aims to enhance the effectiveness of sea rescue operations conducted by Indian agencies, including the Coast Guard. The tool now offers improved functionality to predict the possible locations of missing objects or individuals.

44. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious lung disease that can lead to health issues and involves the scarring of lung tissue, which impairs respiratory function. The recent passing of tabla maestro Zakir Hussain has brought to light the need for awareness regarding this condition.

45. Recently, a male humpback whale achieved a remarkable feat by completing the longest migration ever recorded. This whale swam an astounding 13,046 kilometres (8,106 miles) from South America to Africa, surpassing the typical migration distance for its species. Researchers tracked this journey, providing valuable vital information about the behaviours and adaptability of humpback whales.

46. Recent developments in space technology have seen Japan and India collaborate on addressing the increasing issue of space debris, which involves the use of laser-equipped satellites to remove defunct satellites and manage clutter in orbit.

47. The landscape of business is set to change dramatically by 2027, with half of the companies adopting generative AI planning to implement AI agents. These intelligent systems will act as smart assistants, capable of managing complex tasks with minimal human intervention. Deloitte forecasts that AI agents will revolutionize industries such as software development, healthcare, and customer service.

48. In December 2024, MIT scientists introduced Boltz-1, an innovative open-source AI model, that aims to enhance biomedical research and drug development. Boltz-1 matches the performance of AlphaFold3, a proprietary model from Google DeepMind, in predicting protein structures.

49. Recent developments in synthetic biology have raised alarms among scientists regarding the creation of "mirror bacteria," which refers to synthetic organisms with molecular structures that are the opposite of those found in nature. A group of 38 scientists from nine countries has brought to light the unprecedented risks these organisms could pose to humans, animals, and plants.

50. India has recently conducted its inaugural analog space mission, Hab-1, in the mountainous region of Ladakh, aims to simulate space conditions to prepare astronauts for future missions. The habitat, known as Habitat-1, is designed to replicate the limited resources and confined spaces expected on the Moon or Mars.

51. Nvidia has recently launched the Jetson Orin Nano Super, a compact generative AI supercomputer, that promises enhanced performance, a software upgrade, and a competitive price point. The developer kit is available for $249, making it accessible to many users, from students to commercial developers.

52. Russia has made strides in cancer treatment with the announcement of a new mRNA vaccine. This vaccine aims to be available to patients free of charge by early 2025 and has undergone promising pre-clinical trials, showing potential to suppress tumor growth and prevent cancer spread.

53. BharatGen is an innovative project aimed at developing advanced AI models tailored to India's multifaceted languages and cultures, which is crucial for addressing the underrepresentation of Indian languages in existing data sources. BharatGen has launched the Bharat Data Sagar initiative to collect primary data, focusing on languages that lack sufficient representation.

54. India's pharmaceutical industry holds a prominent position globally, ranking as the third-largest by volume, and is valued at $50 billion for the 2023-24 financial year, worth $23.5 billion, while exports contribute $26.5 billion. This sector ranks 14^th in production value worldwide and encompasses a diverse range of products.

55. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) commenced 2024 with a milestone by successfully launching the X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat), aims to enhance our understanding of black holes and neutron stars. It was deployed into orbit using the PSLV-C58 rocket, showcasing ISRO's continued excellence in space exploration.

56. Researchers from the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) discovered that tiny plastic particles from single-use plastic bottles can facilitate the transfer of AR genes among bacteria, which poses a hidden risk to public health and gut microbiome balance.

57. India is set to launch a quantum satellite within the next two to three years, aiming to enhance secure communications using quantum technology, which is part of the National Quantum Mission (NQM), approved in April 2023, with a budget of Rs. 6,000 crore. The NQM will continue until 2031 and focus on leveraging quantum physics for advanced communication and sensing systems.

58. The Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) is enhancing the efficiency of National Highway projects through Automated & Intelligent Machine-aided Construction (AIMC) systems, which aim to tackle ongoing delays in project completion, with real-time updates and data sharing among stakeholders.

59. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) approved GLP-1 receptor agonists as a treatment for obesity, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, to mimic hormones that regulate appetite and blood sugar. The WHO emphasizes that while healthy eating and exercise are crucial, they alone cannot solve the obesity epidemic.

60. Modern transportation relies heavily on technology to maintain safety and efficiency. Speed guns play important role in measuring the speed of moving objects, contributing to traffic enforcement and various sports. A speed gun is a device that measures the speed of an object without direct contact.

61. Recent studies have brought to light the resilience of archaea, ancient microorganisms that thrive in extreme environments. Researchers have focused on the toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of these organisms, particularly in response to rising global temperatures and changing climates.

62. The CSIR conducted the Scientific Aptitude Assessment Exercise online, which marked a milestone as it involved students from 37 CSIR laboratories engaging in a simultaneous scientific demonstration. Dr. Souvik Maiti, Director of CSIR-IGIB, inaugurated the event.

63. The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and the National Quantum Mission (NQM) have initiated India's first Undergraduate Minor Program in Quantum Technologies. This program aims to equip students with skills in quantum technology and enhance India's position in the global quantum landscape.

64. In a groundbreaking achievement, Indian oceanographers have successfully captured the first images of an active hydrothermal vent located 4,500 metres beneath the Indian Ocean. This discovery is a milestone in India's Rs. 4,000 crore Deep Ocean Mission, launched by the Ministry of Earth Sciences.

65. Rwanda has officially declared the end of its first Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreak as of 20^th December 2024, followed a 42-day monitoring period with no new cases reported. The outbreak, which began on 27^th September 2024, resulted in 66 confirmed cases and 15 fatalities, primarily affecting health workers.

66. Recent studies have revealed the reclassification of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). This change aims to clarify the connection between fatty liver disease and metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes.

67. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has recently marked milestone with its LVM3 rocket, which allows the rocket to place satellites in various orbits during a single mission. The development of a "multi-element ignitor" for the CE-20 Cryogenic engine was crucial for this capability.

68. In recent months, incidents involving space debris have escalated, raising concerns for astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS). A near-collision event in November prompted the ISS to alter its trajectory, denoting the increasing risks associated with space clutter.

69. Recent advancements in medical technology have led to the development of a needle-free syringe by researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay. This innovative device utilizes shockwave technology to deliver medication painlessly, addressing common fears associated with traditional syringes.

70. The SSI Mantra, India's first made-in-India surgical robot, has been installed at Noble Hospital and Research Centre in Pune, Maharashtra. This advancement in medical technology recently gained approval from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO). The installation ceremony was attended by Marathi actor Prasad Oak, marking a milestone in India's healthcare landscape.

71. China has recently revealed its CR450 bullet train, achieved a remarkable speed of 450 km/h (approximately 280 mph) during testing. This development marks advancement from the previous CR400 Fuxing trains, which maxed out at 350 km/h. The CR450 combines speed with enhanced efficiency, promising to transform rail travel.

72. Norovirus cases are increasing in the United States this winter with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reporting double the usual cases, particularly in early December raising concerns among health officials.

73. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has made a discovery by identifying an exoplanet called K2-18 b, located in a habitable zone, suggesting conditions may support liquid water and potentially life. K2-18 b is approximately 124 light-years from Earth. It has a radius 2.6 times that of Earth and a mass 8.6 times greater.

74. The PSLV-C60/SPADEX mission is scheduled for launch on 30^th December 2024, at 9:58 PM IST, at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has confirmed these details through social media announcements. The mission aims to demonstrate in-space docking technology, vital for future lunar explorations and the establishment of India's Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).

Government Schemes

1. The Government of India has partnered with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to enhance horticulture. A loan agreement of $98 million was signed recently, which is aimed at providing farmers with certified, disease-free planting materials. The initiative focuses on improving crop yield and quality and also addresses resilience against climate change.

2. The Government of India is developing a national policy to enhance women's participation in the workforce, which focuses on creating a supportive environment through improved care services. Several ministries are collaborating on this plan.

3. The Assam State Commission for Right to Public Services was recently launched by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma in Guwahati. The aim of the commission is to enhance accountability in public services. A manual detailing the appeal process for public service rights was also introduced, and the Commission's official website was revealed to facilitate access to information.

4. India introduced its Fast Track Immigration-Trusted Traveller Programme (FTI-TTP) in June 2024, which has quickly gained popularity, enrolling over 19,000 individuals, including foreign nationals with Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cards. The program began at Delhi Airport and has now expanded to 31 international airports across the country.

5. The Urban Infrastructure Development Fund (UIDF) has been created by the government, which aims to enhance urban infrastructure in smaller cities. It specifically targets Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, which is crucial for improving essential services in these areas.

6. The Uttar Pradesh government has announced the creation of the Maha Kumbh Mela district in Prayagraj. The decision aims to enhance the management of the Kumbh Mela, which will take place in January 2025 and attract millions of pilgrims from around the world.

7. The Ministry of External Affairs has launched an initiative to support women in vulnerable situations. Nine One-Stop Centres (OSCs) will be established globally. Seven centres will be located in the Gulf countries and the remaining two will be in Toronto and Singapore.

8. The Government of India is planning to introduce a new Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) 2.0 scheme, which aims to encourage a self-sustaining drone ecosystem. It focuses on local production of drones and their components and also promotes services related to drones, such as leasing and software sales. Currently, portion of drone parts, around 50-60%, is imported, which aims to reduce this reliance on imports.

9. SheSTEM 2024 recently concluded, promoting women's contributions in STEM, organized by the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) alongside the Swedish Embassy and Nordic partners, which aimed to inspire students from grades 6 to 12 across India.

10. The National Pension Scheme (NPS) Vatsalya was launched in September 2024, which allows parents to invest in a pension plan for their children. It targets Indian children under 18 years of age. The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) manages the scheme, which offers an attractive interest rate of 9.5% to 10%. This makes it a viable option for securing a financial future for children.

11. The Government of India has introduced an innovative tool, 'Anna Chakra' to enhance the Public Distribution System (PDS), which aims to streamline food supply chains and improve subsidy processes. Anna Chakra is a new tool launched by Food and Public Distribution Minister Pralhad Joshi.

12. Several state governments are introducing the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR), which is part of the 'One Nation, One Student ID' program and stems from the 2020 National Education Policy. The system aims to streamline academic record tracking and secure document management.

13. India has recently received the ISSA Good Practice Award for Asia and Pacific 2024, which was presented at the Regional Social Security Forum in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Employee's Provident Fund Organization (EPFO) was recognized for its innovative initiatives and also received five Certificates of Merit for its outstanding contributions.

14. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has recently approved the establishment of 85 new Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs) in India, which is led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and aims to enhance educational facilities for Central Government and Defence employees. Additionally, one existing KV in Shivamogga, Karnataka, will expand to accommodate more students.

15. India has recently launched its first 24/7 television channel in sign language, part of the PM e-VIDYA program, named Channel 31, which aims to support hearing-impaired students and educators. It is managed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). The goal is to make education more inclusive.

16. The SMILE scheme is gaining momentum in Odisha and aims to support marginalized individuals, which focuses on rehabilitation and livelihood. Launched in February 2022, it is a central government project, under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

17. Uttar Pradesh became the first in India to fully implement the central government's e-marketplace (GeM) system, which aims to eliminate corruption and ensure fair competition among suppliers.

18. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to launch Bima Sakhi Yojana in Panipat on 9^th December 2024, which aims to enhance education and empower women in the region. The Bima Sakhi Yojana is a new program by LIC, that targets women aged 18 to 70. Eligible women must have completed Class X.

19. The Andhra Pradesh government has initiated the AP Urjaveer Scheme, which aims to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability. It is a collaboration with Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), the focus is on training private electricians statewide and the goal is to promote and sell energy-efficient appliances.

20. Sanjay Malhotra has been appointed as the new Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for a three-year term, succeeding Shaktikanta Das. Malhotra has extensive experience in various sectors, including finance and taxation.

21. The University Grants Commission (UGC) has introduced new guidelines for Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) in higher education, aiming to enhance accessibility to education and promote lifelong learning. RPL assesses knowledge, skills, and experience acquired through various learning methods.

22. Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister for Science and Technology, recently launched the "Amrit Gyaan Kosh" Portal, which aims to improve governance training for public administrators in India, coinciding with the "Advanced Case Writing and Teaching Workshop." This workshop was organized by the Capacity Building Commission in partnership with the Stanford Leadership Academy for Development and the Asian Development Bank Institute.

23. India has reached a Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.0, which aligns with the goals of the National Population Policy 2000 and the National Health Policy 2017 and the TFR target was set at 2.1. The Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare, Anupriya Patel, announced this in the Rajya Sabha.

24. The PM POSHAN Scheme supports millions of students and provides hot cooked meals daily to 11.7 crore children, which includes students in Balvatika and grades I to VIII. The scheme operates in 10.24 lakh government and aided schools and its primary aim is to enhance nutrition and boost school attendance.

25. The PAATHAI initiative was recently launched in Chennai by Social Welfare and Women Empowerment Minister Geeta Jeevan and aims to support first-time child offenders, addressing their unique needs through a comprehensive approach. It is a collaborative effort between the Children Welfare and Special Services Department and PRISM, with a budget of Rs. 40 lakh for a one-year pilot project at the Government Observation Home in Chennai.

26. India has witnessed a notable increase in women's participation in the workforce, particularly in rural regions, from 2017 to 2023. Government initiatives have played an important role in this development. The Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister conducted a study denoting these changes.

27. The Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh, Thakur Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu, introduced six new schemes during an event in Bilaspur to celebrate the second anniversary of the Congress government. The initiatives aim to enhance agricultural practices, support education, and improve rural livelihoods.

28. The "Yuva Sahakar - Cooperative Enterprise Support and Innovation Scheme" was recently introduced by the National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC). This initiative aims to encourage innovative cooperative societies across India and specifically targets young entrepreneurs looking to establish cooperative ventures.

29. In recent years, India has witnessed a remarkable increase in women-led businesses. Over 2.2 crore women-owned Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have been registered through various government initiatives, which has been boosted by the updated MSME definition introduced on 1^st July 2020.

30. Manipur recently commemorated Nupi Lal Numit 2024, honouring the valiant women who fought for justice and freedom, led by Chief Minister N. Biren Singh, at the Nupi Lal Memorial Complex, marking the significance of the event.

31. The PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, launched in February 2024, aims to revolutionize solar energy access in India. The scheme has already achieved remarkable growth, with over 6.85 lakh solar installations reported, and is set to match a decade's worth of installations in just one year.

32. The Government of India has introduced the Jalvahak scheme to enhance cargo transport via inland waterways, aiming to encourage sustainable and economical transportation along major rivers such as the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Barak. Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal inaugurated the scheme by launching three cargo ships and a fixed-schedule vessel service.

33. Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL) has recently introduced a CSR initiative named 'CHARAK', aimed at improving healthcare in the Singrauli region. This program focuses on providing free medical treatment for serious illnesses to economically disadvantaged individuals. The initiative aligns with the Ministry of Coal's commitment to community welfare and health.

34. The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) has recently implemented several initiatives aimed at improving the taxpayer experience and enhancing transparency. These changes reflect the government's commitment to streamlining business processes and making tax compliance easier for citizens.

35. The "Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore" campaign is set to occur from 19^th to 24^th December 2024, and will cover all districts, states, and union territories in India, which aims to tackle public grievances and enhance service delivery. This campaign is a local adaptation of Special Campaign 4.0, which was conducted from 2^nd to 31^st October 2024.

36. West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has recently launched the "Banglar Bari" scheme, which aims to provide housing for impoverished families in rural areas. The scheme is particularly as it comes ahead of the Lok Sabha elections.

37. The Ministry of Labour and Employment awaits approval from the Union Cabinet for the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) scheme, which aims to enhance job creation and improve employability within the workforce.

38. India has achieved a remarkable milestone in mobile connectivity, a total of 115.12 crore mobile subscriptions. This achievement reflects the ongoing efforts to enhance communication access across rural and remote areas.

39. The Karnataka Legislative Assembly has recently passed eight Bills, addressing various issues from groundwater safety to financial accountability. These legislative changes reflect the government's commitment to enhancing public safety and improving regulatory frameworks.

40. The Department of Posts (DoP) has introduced reforms in the Indian postal system with the Post Office Act, 2023, effective from 18^th June 2024, to modernise services and enhance accessibility for citizens. The accompanying Post Office Rules, 2024, and Post Office Regulations, 2024, implemented from 16^th December 2024, support these changes.

41. The Employee's Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) is set to revolutionize the way individuals access their provident fund (PF) savings, allowing members to withdraw funds and insurance claims directly from ATMs. The change aims to simplify the withdrawal process, which has often been cumbersome and time-consuming.

42. The E-Shram Portal serves as a vital tool for unorganised workers in India, launched on 26^th August 2021, it aims to create a National Database of Unorganised Workers (NDUW) verified through Aadhaar. This initiative enhances access to social security and job opportunities for millions. On 19^th December 2024, over 30 crore workers have registered, demonstrating its impact.

43. The 2024 Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI) by the World Economic Forum (WEF) ranked India 39^th out of 119 countries, which marks a notable rise from its previous rank of 54^th in 2021, which was later adjusted to 38^th due to a change in WEF's methodology.

44. The recent report by NITI Aayog emphasizes the necessity of Secure, Affordable, Flexible, and Efficient (S.A.F.E) housing for workers in India's manufacturing sector. It identifies challenges in worker accommodation and proposes actionable solutions to boost housing, ultimately encouraging industrial growth.

45. The Government of India has recently signed a loan agreement with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to enhance the logistics sector. This $350 million loan is part of the Strengthening Multimodal and Integrated Logistics Ecosystem (SMILE) programme, which aims to boost India's manufacturing and supply chain capabilities.

46. National Farmer's Day, observed on 23^rd December, recognizes the vital contributions of farmers to India's development, which serves to honor the agricultural community's efforts in ensuring food security and sustaining rural economies. The theme for 2024 is 'Empowering "Annadatas" for a Prosperous Nation'.

47. The Ministry of Civil Aviation has launched the "Udaan Yatri Cafe" at Kolkata airport, which aims to provide affordable food and beverages to air travellers. The cafe will serve essential items such as water, tea, coffee, and snacks. If successful, the initiative will expand to other airports across India.

48. On National Consumer Day 2024, the Department of Consumer Affairs introduced three innovative applications aimed at enhancing consumer protection. These apps focus on combating deceptive online practices known as dark patterns, which can mislead consumers.

49. National Consumer Day is observed annually on 24^th December and commemorates the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. The act was established to safeguard consumers against exploitation and unfair trade practices. This theme for National Consumer Day 2024 is "Virtual Hearings & Digital Access to Consumer Justice."

50. Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently attended Christmas celebrations at the Catholic Bishop's Conference of India (CBCI) in New Delhi. This marked a historic first, as no Prime Minister had previously participated in such an event at the CBCI headquarters, celebrating the 80^th anniversary of the CBCI.

51. The seventh Youth Co:Lab National Innovation Challenge has been launched for 2024-2025, and is a collaboration between Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), NITI Aayog, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and Citi Foundation. The challenge specifically targets young entrepreneurs, especially those with disabilities, to develop innovative solutions that enhance opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs).

52. The Union Government has allocated financial support for rural local bodies in Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh for the fiscal year 2024-25, aiming to enhance local governance and empower communities to address their development needs effectively.

53. Maharashtra's Chief Minister, Devendra Fadnavis, recently expressed gratitude to the Central Government for approving an extensive housing initiative, which includes 6.5 lakh houses under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY). Fadnavis announced plans to add another 13 lakh houses, marking a step towards addressing housing shortages in the state.

54. The recent 100^th birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee was marked by development initiatives in Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated several projects, emphasizing good governance and the importance of public service.

55. The SVAMITVA scheme is an initiative aimed at empowering rural property owners and Prime Minister Narendra Modi will distribute over 58 lakh property cards, enhancing ownership rights in villages. The scheme is designed to provide a legal record of property ownership, which can facilitate access to credit and financial services.

56. The 'Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi' initiative was launched on Good Governance Day and commemorates the 100th birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The initiative aims to strengthen Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) through enhanced governance tools and knowledge.

57. The Union Government has allocated funds for rural local bodies in Rajasthan and Odisha for the financial year 2024-25, which aims to empower local governance and enhance community development.

58. India's startup boasts over 73,000 startups with at least one woman director, which is nearly half of the total 1,57,066 startups recognized under the Startup India initiative. The growing involvement of women marks their vital role in innovation and economic progress.

59. Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently chaired the 45^th meeting of PRAGATI, which leverages technology to enhance governance and project implementation. The meeting focused on eight projects, including six metro initiatives and one each for road connectivity and thermal power. These projects collectively exceed one lakh crore rupees and span multiple states and union territories.

60. Punjab has recently achieved milestone by providing 100% piped water supply to all rural households, falls under the central government's 'Har Ghar Jal' scheme. The state government is also undertaking extensive projects to improve water quality and address scarcity.

61. Masali village, located in Suigam taluka of Banaskantha, has recently achieved the distinction of being India's first solar-powered border village. Situated approximately 40 kilometres from the Pakistan border, it is home to around 800 residents, which is part of a broader Border Development Project aimed at transforming 17 villages into solar-powered communities.

62. The recent DISHA meeting, chaired by Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh, focused on enhancing public awareness of crucial government schemes, held at the Deputy Commissioner's office, the meeting aimed to assess ongoing projects and improve local welfare initiatives.

63. The World Health Organization (WHO) offers valuable internship opportunities for students and recent graduates, provides exposure to the professional world, and enhances skills in public health and administration. Participants gain practical experience that contributes to their future careers.

64. Recent studies by IIM Bangalore highlight the Smart Cities Mission in India has led to improvements in education and safety, as well as the impact of urban initiatives across various cities. The findings are part of the SAAR - Sameeksha series, which assesses urban project outcomes.

65. Starting 1^st April 2025, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) will be compulsory for all taxpayers using the updated E-Way Bill and E-Invoice systems, which follows previous mandates and aims to enhance security and compliance in tax processes.

66. The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has recently extended the deadline for taxpayers involved in the Vivad Se Vishwas scheme. The new deadline is now 31^st January 2025, up from the previous date of 31^st December 2024. This extension is intended to provide taxpayers with additional time to ascertain the amounts payable under the scheme.

67. Recent developments in India highlight initiatives aimed at supporting religious leaders and advancing space technology, including the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) introduced a financial support scheme for Hindu priests and Sikh granthis. Simultaneously, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched a critical mission to enhance space docking capabilities.

68. The Delhi High Court has issued a directive to the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) government, ordering the government to sign a Memorandum of About (MoU) with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare by 5^th January. This directive comes despite the Model Code of Conduct being in effect due to upcoming Assembly elections.

Awards & Honours

1. President Yoon Suk Yeol declared martial law in South Korea, which led to protests and political turmoil. Lawmakers quickly opposed the declaration, marking a critical moment for the nation's democracy.

2. The 29^th CII Partnership Summit took place in New Delhi and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar represented India at this event. He engaged with various international ministers and leaders. The summit focused on India's growth and potential global collaborations.

3. The Indian Society of Aerospace Medicine (ISAM) is hosting its 63^rd annual conference, which takes place at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM) in Bengaluru from 5^th to 7^th December 2024. The conference focuses on both military and civil aerospace medicine and also addresses human factors in India's space flight programme.

4. Pooja Sharma has gained recognition for her remarkable work in Delhi. She has performed funeral rites for over 4,000 unclaimed bodies and has earned her a spot on the BBC's list of 100 inspiring women for 2024.

5. Aisake Valu Eke has recently been appointed as the Prime Minister of Tonga, replacing Hu'akavameiliku Siaosi Sovaleni, who resigned on 9^th December. Eke will officially assume office in February 2024 and has a notable political background, having first entered parliament in 2010.

6. Human Rights Day is observed annually on 10^th December, which commemorates the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted in 1948. This year's theme is Our Rights, Our Future, Right Now, which emphasizes the practical importance of human rights.

7. The National Panchayat Awards 2024 honored 45 exemplary Panchayats, and took place on 11^th December 2024, at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, presided over by the Hon'ble President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu. The Hon'ble Union Minister of Panchayati Raj, Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh, also attended and the awards celebrated efforts in sustainable and inclusive rural development.

8. The Union Cabinet, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has recently approved the "One Nation, One Election" Bill, which aims to synchronize elections for the Lok Sabha, state assemblies, and local bodies in a single year. The proposal has been objective for the ruling BJP, featured in their 2014 and 2019 manifestos. The bill will be introduced during the ongoing Winter Session of Parliament.

9. The Vice President of India, Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar, recently inaugurated the Geological Survey of India (GSI) Geoscience Museum in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. The ceremony featured a ribbon-cutting and plaque unveiling, showcasing a blend of tradition and modern innovation. Numerous dignitaries attended, denoting the event's significance.

10. Georgia has recently witnessed a political shift with the election of Mikheil Kavelashvili as the new president. His election comes amidst rising discontent regarding the government's decision to postpone the country's European Union accession until 2028.

11. Tom Cruise has recently been honored with the US Navy's Distinguished Public Service Award, marking his contributions to the military through his cinematic work. The award was presented to him at Longcross Film Studios in Chertsey, Surrey.

12. Arun Kapur, an esteemed Indian educationist, received a prestigious honour from Bhutan's King Jigme Khesar Namgyel, which occurred during Bhutan's 117^th National Day celebrations in Thimphu on 17^th December 2024. Mr. Kapur was awarded the 'Bura Marp' (red scarf) and 'Patang' (ceremonial sword), titles typically reserved for senior officials and also gained the honourary title of 'Dasho.'

13. Goa recently commemorated its 63^rd Liberation Day, on 19^th December 2024, marking the end of Portuguese colonial rule in 1961, followed by 451 years of foreign domination. President Droupadi Murmu acknowledged the contributions of freedom fighters and the armed forces, expressing her wishes for a prosperous future for the people of Goa.

14. Easterine Kire, a prominent writer from Nagaland, has been honored with the Sahitya Akademi Award for 2024 and announced its annual awards in 21 languages recently. Kire received the award for her novel Spirit Nights, published by Simon and Schuster India, which explores a haunting tale from the Chang Naga tribe of Nagaland.

15. Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw recently honored outstanding railway officials and zones at the 69^th Ati Vishisht Rail Seva Puraskar ceremony in New Delhi. The event recognized the dedication of 101 railway officials and awarded 22 shields to top-performing zones.

16. Renowned Indian filmmaker Shyam Benegal has passed away at the age of 90. He was receiving treatment for chronic kidney disease. Throughout his illustrious career, Benegal directed numerous acclaimed films, including "Ankur," "Nishant," "Manthan," and "Bhumika." His contributions earned him multiple accolades, notably the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest honor in cinema, and 18 National Film Awards.

17. Retired Supreme Court judge V. Ramasubramanian has been appointed as the new chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), announced by President Droupadi Murmu. The NHRC has also welcomed Priyank Kanoongo and Dr. Justice Bidyut Ranjan Sarangi (Retd.) as new members. This appointment comes after the retirement of former chairperson Justice Arun Kumar Mishra.

18. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar recently received the Sri Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi National Eminence Award for Public Leadership, presented by the South Indian Education Society (SIES), one of India's oldest educational institutions. Jaishankar expressed his gratitude for the recognition and brought into light the influence of Maha Periyavar, particularly through the song Maithreem Bhajatham, which advocates universal brotherhood.

19. Michelle Bachelet, former president of Chile, has been awarded the 2024 Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament, and Development, by the Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust. The jury, led by Shivshankar Menon, selected Bachelet for her outstanding contributions to human rights and equality.

20. Dr. Manmohan Singh, former Prime Minister of India, passed away in New Delhi at the age of 92 on 26^th December. He died at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences after being admitted in critical condition. Singh had been unwell for several months and lost consciousness at home before his hospitalization and despite medical efforts, he was declared dead at 9:51 PM.

21. Jimmy Carter, the 39^th President of the United States, passes away at the age of 100. He faced challenges during his presidency, including a struggling economy and the Iran hostage crisis. Despite these obstacles, he is remembered for his dedication to peace and humanitarian efforts.

22. The Ministry of Home Affairs has appointed Vitul Kumar as the acting Director General of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). This decision follows the retirement of Anish Dayal Singh. Kumar, a senior Indian Police Service (IPS) officer, will serve in this capacity until a permanent appointment is made.

Sports

1. The Indian men's junior hockey team has returned to Bengaluru after winning the Junior Asia Cup, which marks their fifth title in the tournament's history. India previously won in 2024, 2023, 2015, 2008, and 2004. Hockey India has announced cash rewards for the players and support staff to celebrate this achievement.

2. India's D. Gukesh achieved a historic milestone by winning the 2024 World Chess Championship by defeating China's Ding Liren, becoming the youngest World Chess Champion at just 18 years old. The final match was intense, showcasing both player's strategic prowess.

3. India achieved remarkable success at the 2024 Asia-Pacific Deaf Games held in Kuala Lumpur. The Indian team returned home with an impressive total of 55 medals, improving from their previous performance in 2015. The Indian contingent comprised 68 athletes, including 42 men and 26 women. They participated in seven sports and secured 8 gold, 18 silver, and 29 bronze medals.

4. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) approved the National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) in New Delhi, enabling NDTL to manage the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). The ABP is an advancement in anti-doping efforts, allowing for the monitoring of an athlete's biological markers over time.

5. India's women's hockey team triumphed in the Women's Hockey Junior Asia Cup 2024, held in Muscat, Oman. They secured victory against China after a tense shootout, marking their second consecutive title in this tournament.

6. Jasprit Bumrah achieved a remarkable milestone, becoming the fastest Indian bowler to reach 200 wickets in Test cricket during the Border-Gavaskar Trophy at the MCG in Melbourne.

7. Koneru Humpy has recently claimed her second women's title at the World Rapid and Blitz Championship held in New York, marking a milestone in her chess career, showcasing her exceptional talent and determination. At 37 years old, she stands as the top-ranked Indian player and is only the second woman to achieve this title more than once.

8. India has been awarded the hosting rights for the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) Junior World Cup in the latter half of 2025, which will mark a milestone for Indian shooting sports, showcasing the country's growing prominence in the global arena.

9. Bihar is preparing to host the Women's Kabaddi World Cup in March 2025, which marks the second time the state has organized this prestigious event, following its successful inaugural tournament in 2012. The matches will be held at the Rajgir Sports Academy, which features a modern indoor stadium with a capacity of 5,000 spectators.

10. New Delhi will be the venue for the 2025 World Para Athletics Championships, marking a milestone as it is the first time India will host this prestigious event. Scheduled from 26^th September to 5^th October the championships will showcase the talents of para-athletes from around the globe.

11. India is set to host the World Boxing Cup Final in November 2025, marking a milestone as it marks India's support for the newly established World Boxing (WB) organization. The Boxing Federation of India (BFI) will also conduct the third World Boxing Congress concurrently, which will feature elections for the Presidency and Executive Board.

12. Lakshya Sen, an emerging talent in badminton, recently showcased his skills at the inaugural King Cup International Badminton Open. The competition marked a milestone in his career, as he secured third place by defeating French player Alex Lanier.

13. The 38^th National Games will take place in Uttarakhand from 28^th January to 14^th February 2025, revealing the mascot, logo, jersey, anthem, and tagline for the event at Maharana Pratap Sports College in Dehradun. The Indian Olympic Association (IOA), led by President P. T. Usha, confirmed the inclusion of traditional sports such as yoga and mallakhamb.

References:
jagranjosh.com
gktoday.in
business-standard.com