Current Affair of October 2023

National

1. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in India recently convened a meeting of the Multi-Agency Centre (MAC), a collaborative counter-terrorism grid. During this meeting, the MHA sought specific information on various counter-terrorism aspects, including radicalization, fundraising, safe houses, and terrorist outfits in Pakistan.

2. The recent release of Bihar's caste survey results has generated considerable interest and debate, shedding light on the intricate caste dynamics within the state. This comprehensive survey provides crucial data on the composition of various caste groups and their implications for politics, policies, and social dynamics.

3. The Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of the Union Ministry for Environment, Forest and Climate Change has postponed its decision regarding Vedanta Limited's proposal to resume iron ore mining at the Bicholim mineral block in Goa. The EAC raised concerns about potential environmental and legal issues, directing the project proponent to provide clarifications and conduct further assessments.

4. A report titled "The Fast, the Slow and the Congested: Urban Transportation in Rich And Poor Countries" was released recently by a US-based private non-profit research organisation. According to this report, India hosts three of the ten cities with the slowest traffic speeds worldwide.

5. In a significant move to embrace the technology revolution, Hyderabad's Old City is gearing up for a transformative change. A state-of-the-art IT tower, known as "iTEK Nucleus," is set to rise in Malakpet at an estimated cost of Rs. 700 crore. This iconic tower will not only reshape the skyline but also usher in a new era of opportunities in the Old City, creating around 50,000 jobs.

6. The government of Assam has announced its plan to conduct a socio-economic survey of the state's five indigenous Muslim communities. This initiative aims to support the development and upliftment of these communities in various aspects, including healthcare, education, cultural identity, financial matters, skill development, and women empowerment.

7. Metro train trial runs in Bhopal and Indore have been successful, and residents may enjoy metro rides in both cities by mid-2024. These metro trains have been designed to operate in driverless mode in the future, following an initial phase with human drivers to build passenger confidence.

8. The Delhi government has taken a significant step in the fight against air pollution by launching a 'green war room' on 3^rd October 2023. This proactive measure aims to combat air pollution, which has long plagued the national capital, particularly during the winter months.

9. Punjab, one of India's prominent states, is grappling with a severe financial crisis, burdened by mounting debt and escalating interest payments. Chief Minister Mann has appealed for a debt repayment moratorium to alleviate the state's financial woes. This article delves into Punjab's dire financial situation, its roots, and potential solutions.

10. The Union Ministry of Education (MoE) has unveiled draft guidelines to address the critical issue of student suicides in schools. Named UMMEED (Understand, Motivate, Manage, Empathise, Empower, Develop), these guidelines provide a comprehensive plan of action to enhance awareness, sensitivity, and support mechanisms for students facing mental health challenges.

11. The Ministry of Home Affairs in India has issued a gazetted notification banning Tripura-based insurgent groups, the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) and the All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF), along with their associate organizations for a period of five years. The ban has been imposed due to their involvement in subversive activities and threats to India's sovereignty and integrity.

12. Rajasthan is preparing to introduce its exclusive heritage train service, the Valley Queen Heritage Train, which will commence its journey from Marwar Junction to Khamlighat starting on 5^th October. Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually inaugurated this unique rail service from Jodhpur.

13. The Indian government has officially constituted the National Turmeric Board (NTB) to support the development and growth of the turmeric and turmeric product industry in the country. This decision addresses a long-standing demand from turmeric farmers across India and aims to enhance the sector's productivity and exports.

14. The online news portal, NewsClick, is under scrutiny due to allegations of receiving illegal funding. These funds are believed to have been routed through China and the United States. The allegations have led to the registration of an FIR (First Information Report).

15. The Bihar government has taken a significant step by announcing a 10% reservation for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) in the state's judicial services and government-run law colleges and universities. This announcement comes shortly after the release of the state's caste survey data.

16. The Delhi High Court has issued a restraining order against nine websites involved in the illegal broadcasting of the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup 2023 matches. Despite the World Cup's scheduled dates from 5^th October to 9^th November this year, the court has taken a preemptive stance by issuing a "dynamic injunction" in favor of the tournament's broadcaster, Star India Private Limited.

17. In a move aimed at enhancing investor confidence, the Indian government has announced amendments to the Cable Television Networks Rules, which govern the implementation of the decriminalized provisions of the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act.

18. The Ministry of Civil Aviation in India has introduced the Drone (Amendment) Rules 2023, which will come into effect from 27^th September 2023. These amendments aim to liberalize, promote, and streamline drone operations across the country, with a vision to establish India as a global drone hub by 2030.

19. Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Singh Mann recently announced the ban on the cultivation of the PUSA-44 paddy variety in the state, effective from the next year. PUSA-44 was once popular among Punjab's farmers due to its high yield, covering a significant portion of the paddy cultivation area. However, the state government has decided to prohibit its cultivation.

20. The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) organized the Second Ananda Coomaraswamy Memorial Lecture on 6^th October 2023. The lecture was held to commemorate the 76^th Death Anniversary of A. K. Coomaraswamy, a pioneering art historian of the 20^th century. The topic of the lecture was "Towards Decolonizing Indian Art History via the Problem of Mimesis in the Citrasutra."

21. The Indian government announced that the ninth phase of the 'Sagar Parikrama' programme will commence on 7^th October 2023. 'Sagar Parikrama' is aimed at addressing the issues of fishermen and other stakeholders while facilitating their economic upliftment through various schemes.

22. The Union Home Ministry has announced a five-year ban on the 'Jammu and Kashmir Democratic Freedom Party' (JKDFP) due to its anti-India and pro-Pakistan activities. The ban is imposed under Section 3(1) of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) 1967, designating JKDFP as an 'Unlawful Association.'

23. The Central government has named the Telangana tribal university after Sammakka-Sarakka, a revered mother-daughter duo among the local tribal community in Telangana. This move fulfills a commitment made by the Central government as part of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, where both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were to receive support to establish tribal universities.

24. The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has given its approval for tenancy regulations in three Union territories - Andaman and Nicobar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu. This move aims to establish a legal framework that ensures transparency and accountability in the rental property ecosystem.

25. In preparation for the upcoming Assembly elections, Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot has announced the establishment of three new districts in the state: Malpura, Sujangarh, and Kuchaman City. This decision has been made in response to public demand and the recommendations of a high-level committee. With the addition of these districts, Rajasthan now boasts a total of 53 districts.

26. Chief Justice of India D. Y. Chandrachud has announced that a seven-judge bench will be formed to hear a batch of pleas challenging the Indian government's use of the money bill route to pass certain key legislations. This development raises questions about the classification of bills as money bills and their passage in India's parliamentary system.

27. The Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT) in India has issued an interim ruling stating that over-the-top (OTT) platforms, such as Hotstar, do not fall under the jurisdiction of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). This significant decision has implications for the regulation of OTT platforms in India.

28. India is embarking on a groundbreaking initiative led by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) known as the National Framework for Climate Services (NFCS). This comprehensive program aims to provide climate services and information to various sectors, including agriculture, energy, disaster management, health, and water resources.

29. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recently made an unexpected announcement regarding the consideration of Open Market Operation (OMO) sales of government securities. While the RBI did not specify a timeline for this move, it caught the bond market by surprise, leading to a sudden increase in the yield on benchmark 10-year government bonds.

30. The Indian Railways is embarking on an exciting project to breathe new life into two abandoned railway coaches by converting them into theme-based restaurants. This innovative initiative, known as "Beautiful Restaurants on Wheels," aims to refurbish and transform old train coaches into charming rail coach restaurants.

31. Mushk Budji, an indigenous aromatic rice variety from Kashmir, is on the brink of a significant revival, as authorities in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) have unveiled plans to expand its cultivation area to 5,000 hectares within the next three years. This move comes as a ray of hope for a high-cost traditional rice variety that was on the verge of extinction due to various challenges.

32. In a significant move aimed at reducing transaction costs and enhancing the ease of conducting business, the Indian government has introduced an automated system for granting credibility to Indian exporters in international markets. This new initiative was launched by Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal as part of the Foreign Trade Policy 2023.

33. NLC India Ltd. (NLCIL), a prominent Navaratna Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Ministry of Coal, has achieved a significant milestone by securing an 810 MW solar photovoltaic power project from Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited (RRVUNL). This noteworthy development represents a significant stride towards NLCIL's commitment to clean and sustainable energy solutions.

34. The Annual Joint Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Exercise (AJHE) has emerged as a pivotal outcome of the directive set forth during the Combined Commander's Conference in 2015. The upcoming 2023 edition promises to further enhance national-level synergies among stakeholders and welcomes participation from eight countries within the Indian Ocean Region.

35. The Ministry of Information & Broadcasting has announced the approval of revised advertising rates for government policies and programs on private FM radio stations. This decision comes after seven years and is based on the recommendations of the Rate Structure Committee established by the Ministry. The move signifies a significant step towards establishing an equitable and sustainable pricing framework for private FM radio stations.

36. India's unemployment rate for individuals aged 15 years and above has reached a six-year low at 3.2%, according to the Periodic Labour Force Survey Annual Report 2022 - 2023 released by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). This significant decline in joblessness signifies a positive trend in employment opportunities within the country.

37. As the city of Kolkata gears up for the fervent celebrations of Durga Puja, there is another cultural icon that shares the spotlight - the iconic Kolkata Tramways. In a remarkable initiative aimed at preserving the heritage of trams, a Puja Special Tram has been unveiled, dedicated to honoring Durga Puja's UNESCO Heritage tag and commemorating 150 years of Kolkata Tramways.

38. In a significant development, a new 'Protocol for Management of Malnutrition in Children' was launched, bringing changes to the way severely malnourished children without medical complications are handled. This protocol, created by the Center, focuses on streamlining the management of malnourished children at anganwadi centers.

39. In the lead-up to the Assembly elections in Chhattisgarh, significant progress has been made in recognizing habitat rights for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in the state. The Baiga PVTG has become the second group to receive habitat rights, following the Kamar PVTG.

40. In its weekly cabinet meeting, the Assam government has given the green light for a major infrastructure project, the construction of a 1000-kilometer "High-Speed Economic Corridor" road. This ambitious project, with an estimated cost of Rs. 3,000 crore, will play a crucial role in enhancing the state's connectivity and infrastructure.

41. The second edition of the National Cyber Security Exercise, known as 'Bharat NCX 2023,' has commenced as a hybrid exercise over a 12-day period starting from 9^th October. This crucial program is conducted by the National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS) in collaboration with Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) and is aimed at providing training to senior management and technical personnel from government agencies, critical sector organizations, and both public and private entities.

42. The Indian government approves an amendment to determine royalty rates for vital minerals: lithium, niobium, and rare earth elements (REEs). This decision follows the removal of six minerals, including lithium and niobium, from the list of 'specified' atomic minerals, potentially opening doors for private sector participation through mineral concessions auctions.

43. The establishment of an autonomous body known as 'Mera Yuva Bharat' (MY Bharat) by the Union cabinet on 11^th October is aimed at harnessing technology's potential to drive youth development and youth-led progress in India. The core objective of MY Bharat is to provide young individuals with equitable opportunities to achieve their aspirations and play a vital role in shaping a prosperous India.

44. In a recent turn of events, the Uttarakhand government has decided to cancel a newly introduced provision that would have allowed homeowners to obtain licenses for maintaining mini-bars in their residences. This move came in response to strong opposition and criticism from various quarters, who felt that permitting mini-bars in the state, often referred to as 'Dev Bhoomi' (Land of the Gods), was inappropriate.

45. In a significant development, Goan cashew, known for its long and cherished heritage, has been awarded a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. This recognition, granted by the Geographical Indications Registry in Chennai, establishes Goan cashew as a unique product originating from a specific geographical region. The GI tag serves as a trademark, distinguishing it in the international market.

46. The Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for white goods, which covers air conditioners and LED lights, has witnessed further improvements in response to suggestions from industry associations and beneficiaries. These changes are aimed at simplifying the scheme's operation and improving the ease of doing business in India.

47. An Indian government panel has made a noteworthy recommendation to enhance road safety and encourage the adoption of connected car technology. According to a report by Reuters, the panel has submitted a draft proposal, suggesting that automakers who incorporate connectivity features in their vehicles, enabling communication with other vehicles and external systems, should receive better ratings on the Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat NCAP) crash tests.

48. The transition away from coal in the global energy system is projected to result in the loss of approximately 4,00,000 coal mining jobs by 2035, according to a report published by Global Energy Monitor. This is equivalent to about 100 job cuts per day through 2035, with the largest impact felt in China and India.

49. The Secretary of the Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Education, joined a UNICEF-organized online program on 11^th October 2023, the UN International Day of the Girl Child, to mark the achievement of one million certifications in its Passport to Earning (P2E) program.

50. Union Minister of State, Dr. Jitendra Singh, launched the state-of-the-art National Survey Network, comprising Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS). This network, operated by the Survey of India, will revolutionize precise location-based services in India.

51. On 12^th October, the INS Sagardhwani, an oceanographic research vessel owned by the Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL) under the DRDO, embarked on a two-month-long Sagar Maitri (SM) Mission-4 from South Jetty, Southern Naval Command (SNC), Kochi.

52. At the 11^th Traffic Expo and Smart Mobility Conference, three indigenously developed technologies were introduced, furthering India's progress in various domains. The launch took place in the presence of distinguished officials and experts from the government and the industry.

53. Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI 5.0) is the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's primary immunization initiative. This program targets children and pregnant women who haven't been immunized, ensuring they receive their required vaccinations.

54. India has been placed 111^th out of 125 countries in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2023. This ranking has been challenged by the Indian government, which labeled it as "erroneous" and driven by "malafide intent". In 2022, India stood 107^th out of 121 countries in the GHI.

55. In a move to promote environmental sustainability, the Indian Government has introduced a national Green Credit programme. This program, following the 'LiFE' (Lifestyle for Environment) campaign, employs a market-based approach to encourage environmental initiatives by various stakeholders. The Green Credit initiative is voluntary and aims to reward eco-friendly actions across eight specific activity categories.

56. India's ambitious Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) project, at a cost of Rs. 51,000 crore, has reached a significant milestone. This development comes after a successful trial run of the first freight train over the 401-kilometer-long New Sahnewal (Punjab) to New Khurja (Uttar Pradesh) section of the EDFC.

57. The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), operating under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), has joined forces with Coca-Cola India to launch the 'Super Power Retailer Programme.' This collaborative initiative, part of the Skill India Mission, aims to strengthen the retail sector in the states of Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.

58. In a significant development for India's poultry industry, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) has approved India's self-declaration of freedom from Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in specific poultry compartments. This achievement demonstrates India's commitment to maintaining high standards of animal health and biosecurity.

59. A significant legal case concerning abortion rights is currently before the Indian Supreme Court. The case centers on a married woman's request to terminate her 26-week pregnancy, and it has raised critical questions about a woman's autonomy in deciding to abort and the legislative framework surrounding abortion in India. Two crucial concepts, "foetal viability" and the "rights of the unborn child," have emerged during the hearings, offering new perspectives on abortion law in the country.

60. The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has taken a significant step to alleviate the concerns of start-ups by directing its officers not to scrutinize angel tax provisions for start-ups recognized by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT). This move comes in response to the issuance of scrutiny notices to many start-up companies.

61. In a significant development, the Supreme Court of India has referred the petitions challenging the 2018 Electoral Bonds Scheme to a five-judge Constitution Bench. Chief Justice of India D. Y. Chandrachud, leading a three-judge bench, made this announcement during mentioning hours, a time designated for urgent matters.

62. The Union Education Ministry has recently advised all states to implement the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR), also known as the 'One Nation, One Student ID.' This move aims to create a seamless educational ecosystem and facilitate better tracking of students' academic journeys and achievements.

63. The Secretary of the Ministry of Coal has released the statistical publication titled "Provisional Coal Statistics for 2022-23". "Provisional Coal Statistics 2022 - 23" provides a comprehensive platform that encompasses critical data concerning the coal and lignite sector for the year 2022 - 23.

64. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has unveiled an upgraded Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) with new standards and specifications for 2023. This initiative harnesses the power of artificial intelligence (AI) technology to enhance road safety, reduce incident response times, and improve digital enforcement on national highways and expressways.

65. Union Minister for Education and Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, officially launched IndiaSkills 2023 - 24 and honored the winners of World Skills 2022 at an event held in Kaushal Bhawan, New Delhi. IndiaSkills serves as a stepping stone to the renowned WorldSkills competition.

66. In a significant step towards promoting scientific curiosity and innovation among India's youth, the Union Minister for Education and Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, unveiled a web portal named 'Apna Chandrayaan.' This web portal, developed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) under the Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Education, aims to provide activity-based support materials related to Mission Chandrayaan-3.

67. The Government of India has officially unveiled the registration portal for Phase III of Yuva Sangam, a vital initiative falling under the Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat (EBSB) campaign. Yuva Sangam aims to foster a strong people-to-people connection among youth hailing from different states and union territories within the country.

68. On 17^th October, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the third edition of the Global Maritime India Summit (GMIS) 2023. During the event, he dedicated 21 projects worth Rs. 18,800 crore to the nation and unveiled the Amrit Kaal Vision 2047-a strategic blueprint for the Indian maritime blue economy. These initiatives aim to enhance port facilities, promote sustainable practices, and encourage international collaboration in the maritime sector.

69. The Delhi High Court recently ruled on a case involving "large-scale infringement" of copyrighted works published by the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, known for its books and commentaries on Indian religious philosophy and spiritualism, especially classic Vaishnava texts.

70. India is all set to launch its first regional train service, RapidX, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi scheduled to inaugurate it on 20^th October. The priority section of the Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) will open, covering a distance of 17 kilometers between Duhai and Sahibabad.

71. India has established an inter-ministerial group tasked with developing a comprehensive perspective on key matters to be discussed in global climate negotiations. Formed in August, the inter-ministerial group on climate change comprises members from various ministries and departments, including the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Ministry of Power, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, and the Department of Economic Affairs.

72. In a significant decision, the Supreme Court of India has ruled that the payment of entry fees and variable annual license fees made by telecom companies will be considered capital expenditure rather than revenue expenditure for tax purposes. This ruling has potential financial implications for telecom operators, particularly Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea, and could result in additional tax liabilities.

73. In a bid to address the issue of industrial pollution in the national capital, Delhi Environment Minister Gopal Rai announced the launch of an 'Anti-Industrial Pollution' campaign. The campaign will run from 20^th October to 20^th November.

74. In a significant decision, the Supreme Court of India has ruled that the payment of entry fees and variable annual license fees made by telecom companies will be considered capital expenditure rather than revenue expenditure for tax purposes. This ruling has potential financial implications for telecom operators, particularly Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea, and could result in additional tax liabilities.

75. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to launch 511 Pramod Mahajan Grameen Kaushalya Vikas Kendras (skill development centers) in Maharashtra via video conferencing. These centers, located in 34 rural districts of Maharashtra, are named after the late BJP leader Pramod Mahajan.

76. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has recently introduced new regulations aimed at enhancing the operation and security of powered hang gliders. These regulations come in response to an incident involving infiltrators of Hamas, a terror group, who used a motorized hang glider to enter Israel on 7^th October.

77. The Arunachal Pradesh cabinet has approved several significant amendments and initiatives aimed at promoting economic growth, enhancing administrative efficiency, and preserving cultural diversity in the state.

78. The government of Andhra Pradesh is gearing up to launch a comprehensive caste census for Backward Classes, targeting 139 communities under this category. The census will commence around 15^th November and utilize the village secretariat system and volunteer network for data collection.

79. The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) has released its Economic Outlook Survey for India, projecting key economic indicators for the fiscal year 2023 - 24.

80. India's horticulture production has seen a steady annual increase, rising by 1.37% to reach 351.92 million tonnes in the fiscal year 2022 - 23. This growth is attributed to enhanced productivity and efficiency, according to data released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

81. As Assembly and General elections draw closer in Odisha, the clamor to unlock the Ratna Bhandar (treasure room) of the Puri Jagannath Temple is gaining momentum once again. The treasure room, which has remained sealed for three decades, has become a topic of significant discussion and contention.

82. The Indian government is set to modernize its crop area and production estimation process, recognizing the limitations of the current manual system, which often leads to delays and errors. As part of this initiative, the Centre has encouraged states and Union Territories to transition to the Digital Crop Survey system from July of the upcoming year.

83. In the first half of October, coal inventories at Indian power plants experienced their sharpest decline in two years, falling by 12.6% to 20.58 million metric tons. This significant drop is attributed to a surge in electricity demand, which outpaced coal supply.

84. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in India has launched a major crackdown on cyber criminals, conducting searches in 76 locations across the country. This operation, known as 'Operation Chakra-2', was initiated after the registration of five separate cases of cyber-enabled financial fraud, including a Rs. 100 crore crypto scam.

85. Cotton farmers in North Indian states, including Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan, are grappling with a severe pink bollworm (PBW) infestation that is pushing them to the brink of suicide. Even the genetically modified pest-resistant Bt Cotton (Bollgard II seed) is falling prey to the pink bollworm, which was designed to resist it.

86. In a recent release of the 'International Migration Outlook 2023,' it has come to light that India emerged as the leading source of migrants to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in both 2021 and 2022. This shift in migration patterns saw India replace China as the primary country of origin for newcomers to OECD nations, solidifying its position as a key contributor to global migration.

87. A recent study, published in The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, has shed light on the varying survival rates of cervical cancer patients across different regions in India.

88. In a groundbreaking initiative to transform healthcare delivery, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is conducting a feasibility assessment in Himachal Pradesh's Lahaul and Spiti districts. This pioneering effort aims to harness the power of drones for transporting critical medical supplies, including medications, diagnostic samples, and sputum, to remote and challenging terrains.

89. The Indian Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has announced a delay in the implementation of import licensing requirements for IT hardware such as laptops, PCs, and tablets. The new regime, which was initially set to take effect in August 2022, will now be enforced from September 2023. This decision comes after weeks of uncertainty and significant opposition from hardware manufacturers.

90. As part of its digital transformation initiatives, the government of Andhra Pradesh is embracing smart learning in state-run schools by deploying the 'Doubt Clearance Bot,' an AI-powered app developed by ConveGenius AI Solutions.

91. In a significant move, the Supreme Court of India has taken a strong stance on the issue of sewer deaths in the country. The court has ruled that government authorities must pay compensation to the families of those who lose their lives while cleaning sewers.

92. Trinamool Congress MP Mahua Moitra has welcomed answering questions from the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee regarding 'cash for query' allegations against her.

93. The Supreme Court of India has identified a significant gap in the implementation of laws against sexual harassment in workplaces, particularly at small establishments and domestic work settings. The Sexual Harassment of Women At Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act of 2013, commonly known as the POSH Act, requires States to appoint a district officer in every district to play a crucial role in implementing the Act.

94. The Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) and the Skill Council for Persons with Disability (SCPwD) have joined forces to enhance corporate knowledge and skills in building and managing a diverse workforce.

95. Less than two months after the successful Chandrayaan-3 Moon landing, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is embarking on a crucial series of tests as part of the preparations for launching Indian astronauts into space, possibly in 2025. These tests will evaluate systems and procedures vital for the Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission.

96. The Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, is participating in the prestigious 75^th Frankfurt Book Fair. The Frankfurt Book Fair is one of the world's most acclaimed book fairs, attracting participants and visitors from across the globe. It is being held from October 18^th to 22^nd October, 2023, in Frankfurt, Germany

97. India has initiated a unique endeavor called 'Project Udbhav,' aimed at blending ancient strategic wisdom with contemporary military practices. The project, launched by Defense Minister Rajnath Singh, seeks to create an indigenous strategic vocabulary rooted in India's philosophy and culture to address modern security challenges effectively.

98. India has taken a significant step to enhance the quality and traceability of its cotton by launching the official website of 'Kasturi Cotton Bharat.' The initiative, unveiled by Union Minister Piyush Goyal, aims to strengthen India's competitiveness in the global cotton market and create a sustainable ecosystem for all stakeholders involved.

99. A sworn affidavit is a legal document in which a person makes a formal statement or declaration, typically before a notary or an officer of the court. In this document, the individual affirms that certain facts mentioned within the affidavit are true to the best of their knowledge. In India, the General Clauses Act, 1897, defines an affidavit as an "affirmation and declaration" made by a person who is allowed to affirm or declare instead of swearing.

100. The Supreme Court's recent decision to dismiss a petition by the Bharat Rashtra Samiti (BRS) party in Telangana, challenging the allotment of election symbols to other parties, has raised questions about the process of symbol allocation in Indian politics.

101. In a monumental initiative, India's textile industry, in partnership with industry bodies, is gearing up to host "Bharat Tex 2024," touted as the world's largest textiles event. Scheduled from 26^th to 29^th February, 2024, in New Delhi, this mega exhibition signifies India's ambition to become a global textile powerhouse, marked by innovation, collaboration, and the "Make in India" ethos.

102. More than a year after the passage of the Criminal Procedure Identification Act (CrPI) in Parliament, India is poised to introduce 'DNA and Face Matching' systems in 1,300 police stations nationwide. Despite the Act's provisions, its complete implementation on the ground has faced logistical and connectivity challenges.

103. In a significant development for India's electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has recently approved a novel AC and DC combined charging connector standard for light electric vehicles (LEVs) like scooters, bikes, and rickshaws.

104. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has achieved a significant milestone by securing a place on the esteemed 18-member steering committee of the International Competition Network (ICN). This accomplishment comes as a result of consistent efforts by the Indian regulatory body.

105. A new government study conducted by the Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, under the Department of Science and Technology, reveals that northwestern, central, and south-central India are poised to become future heat wave hotspots. These regions could experience a significant four-to-seven-fold increase in the frequency of heatwaves in the mid-term (2041-2060) and long-term (2081-2099) future, depending on different emission scenarios.

106. The Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) has achieved a significant milestone by producing specialized "reference" petrol and diesel for the first time in India. These fuels, designed to have higher specifications, are crucial for calibrating and testing vehicles by automobile manufacturers and testing agencies such as the International Centre for Automotive Technology (ICAT) and the Automotive Research Association of India.

107. Vodafone Idea (Vi) has partnered with the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) to establish a laboratory aimed at promoting standardization and interoperability in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem in India.

108. In a significant development aimed at enhancing irrigation, drinking water supply, and hydroelectric power generation, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the inclusion of the Jamrani Dam Multipurpose Project of Uttarakhand under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana-Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (PMKSY-AIBP).

109. India is expected to fall short of meeting the targets set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in reducing premature deaths caused by four major Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). This conclusion stems from an analysis conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

110. A national hackathon named "Vimarsh-2023" has been unveiled with the goal of identifying innovative tools to ensure the secure utilization of 5G technology by law enforcement agencies during sensitive operations. The Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD) and the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) initiated the hackathon, which is a significant step towards enhancing the capabilities of police forces.

111. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced a crucial requirement for Indian banks, stating that they must now have a minimum of two whole-time directors (WTDs) on their boards. This mandate extends to the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (MD&CEO) position.

112. The Finance Ministry has recently issued rules governing the appointment and conditions of service for the president and members of Goods and Services Tax (GST) Appellate Tribunals. These rules, known as the Goods and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal (Appointment and Conditions of Service of President and Members) Rules, 2023, provide a framework for the selection, tenure, and benefits of the tribunal's key personnel.

113. The Lok Sabha Ethics Committee, responsible for upholding ethical conduct among Members of Parliament in India, will address Nishikant Dubey's complaint against Mahua Moitra. The committee's last meeting took place on 27^th July, 2021.

114. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (Irdai) has taken a significant step toward improving the clarity of insurance policies. Irdai announced the formation of an eight-member committee tasked with simplifying the language used in insurance policies. The move aims to empower policyholders to make more informed decisions when purchasing insurance coverage.

115. On 27^th October, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 7^th Edition of India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2023 at Bharat Mandapam, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. This event, themed 'Global Digital Innovation,' aspires to strengthen India's role as a technology developer, manufacturer, and exporter.

116. Scientists have made a significant discovery by finding cannabidiol (CBD), a compound known for its therapeutic potential in cannabis, in a commonly found plant in Brazil. This breakthrough opens new doors for the production of CBD from alternative sources.

117. In recent incidents, unsuspecting individuals fell victim to SIM swap fraud, resulting in substantial financial losses. In one instance, a private school teacher lost Rs. 1.5 lakh through eight transactions in just under three hours after fraudsters gained access to his two bank accounts. Similarly, a South Delhi-based businessman lost over Rs. 50 lakhs to unknown scamsters after receiving multiple missed calls.

118. The Indian government has implemented stricter disclosure rules for Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs), mandating the maintenance of a register of partners that includes details of their beneficial interests and contributions, both tangible and intangible.

119. The recently released income tax return statistics for the assessment years 2019 - 20 to 2021 - 22 by the Income Tax Department shed light on significant changes in taxpayer compliance and income distribution. This data also highlights a concerning trend: a substantial number of individuals who are now within the tax net fail to file their tax returns, raising concerns among policymakers.

120. A comprehensive study conducted by AIIMS Delhi, in collaboration with scientists from Europe and the US, has highlighted significant variations in hypertension care at the district level in India. This groundbreaking study underscores the urgent need for a targeted approach to address hypertension, often referred to as the "silent killer."

121. A recent report published by the United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) has raised a red flag regarding India's dwindling groundwater levels. The 'Interconnected Disaster Risks Report 2023' focuses on six environmental tipping points, including groundwater depletion, and reveals a dire situation worldwide.

122. Prime Minister Narendra Modi marked a significant milestone on 30^th October, as he dedicated the 77-kilometer New Bhandu-New Sanand section of the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) to the nation. This development is poised to accelerate the transportation of goods from ports and manufacturing hubs in the region.

123. The Uttarakhand government has announced the establishment of the Rajaji Tiger Reserve Conservation Foundation with the aim of promoting ecological, economic, social, and cultural development in and around the Rajaji Tiger Reserve. This decision was made during a state Cabinet meeting chaired by Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami.

124. India's energy landscape is on the brink of a transformation. A recent report by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) outlines a promising strategy to replace natural gas consumption with biogas and biomethane, ultimately aiming to achieve a 20% substitution rate by 2030. This shift could lead to substantial savings, cutting liquefied natural gas (LNG) import bills by USD 29 billion between financial years 2025 and 2030.

125. The Supreme Court has scheduled a hearing for 31^st October to address petitions challenging India's electoral bonds scheme. This scheme, introduced in the 2018 Union Budget, provides a method for anonymous donations to political parties. Two non-governmental organizations, Common Cause and the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), filed petitions against the scheme, questioning its transparency and legality.

126. The second edition of World Food India 2023 is set to take place from 3^rd to 5^th November at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi.

International

1. Indonesian President Joko Widodo officially inaugurated a $7.3 billion high-speed railway connecting Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, with the city of Bandung. This railway, part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, has faced various challenges, including land procurement issues, pandemic-related delays, and increased costs. Despite these setbacks, the project has now been launched, albeit behind its original schedule.

2. The debate over birthright citizenship in the United States has resurfaced, with Vivek Ramaswamy advocating for changes to the 14^th Amendment. This constitutional amendment grants birthright citizenship to individuals born in the US, regardless of their parents' immigration status.

3. The UAE Government has released a comprehensive discussion paper titled 'Ripple Effect Water Scarcity - The Hidden Threat to Global Security and Prosperity.' This paper emphasizes the pressing need for a united international response to address the escalating challenge of global water scarcity.

4. India and Argentina have signed a significant Social Security Agreement (SSA) aimed at protecting the rights of professionals and workers from both countries regarding social security contributions. The SSA covers areas related to old-age benefits, survivor's pensions, and permanent, total disability pensions for employed individuals in India.

5. The US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has issued its first fine related to space debris rule violations. Dish Network has been fined $150,000 for failing to properly deorbit its EchoStar-7 satellite, which has been in space for over two decades. Instead of deorbiting the satellite as required, Dish sent it into a "disposal orbit" at a lower altitude, posing a risk of orbital debris.

6. Japan has recently faced its hottest September since the commencement of meteorological records 125 years ago, marking another alarming instance of global warming. With climate change accelerating, countries like Japan, Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Switzerland, and the UK have all reported record-breaking temperatures in September, contributing to the broader concerns surrounding climate change.

7. In an unprecedented move, House Speaker Kevin McCarthy lost a no-confidence vote, marking the first time a Speaker has faced such an ouster. The vote concluded with a 216-210 tally in favor of removing McCarthy from his leadership role in the Republican majority in the House of Representatives.

8. The diplomatic tensions between India and Canada have led to potential economic consequences for Canada, particularly in the education sector, as per research by the Imagindia Institute. A key aspect of this impact is a potential decrease in the number of Indian students choosing Canada for higher education.

9. Russia's envoy to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), Mikhail Ulyanov, has announced that Russia intends to revoke its ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). This move has raised tensions between Russia and the United States, adding to existing disputes related to Moscow's invasion of Ukraine and arms control issues between the two nuclear superpowers.

10. Ministers from the world's 46 least developed countries (LDCs) issued a joint Dakar Declaration on Climate Change outlining their expectations and priorities for COP28.

11. A recent study conducted by Unicef and the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) has uncovered a startling trend: at least 43 million child displacements have occurred in the past six years due to extreme weather events. This equates to an alarming average of 20,000 children forced to leave their homes and schools every day.

12. Kuwait's oil minister recently unveiled a bold strategy aimed at enhancing the country's fossil fuel production capabilities. This strategy also involves preparations for the Durra gas field, which is jointly shared with Saudi Arabia, amidst a dispute with Iran over ownership claims.

13. The Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS) has experienced its third coolant leak in less than a year, raising concerns about the reliability of Russia's space program. Fortunately, officials have assured that the crew members on board the ISS are not in immediate danger.

14. Amid the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas in Gaza, disturbing allegations have surfaced on social media, suggesting that the Israel Defense Force (IDF) is deploying banned white phosphorus bombs in the densely populated region.

15. In the wake of a surprise attack on Israel by Hamas, the United States demonstrated its unwavering support for Israel by deploying the USS Gerald R Ford aircraft carrier strike group to the Eastern Mediterranean. This deployment aimed to deter further expansion of the conflict in the region.

16. Amid a full-blown war with the Hamas group in Gaza, India has launched "Operation Ajay" to facilitate the return of its citizens from Israel, where approximately 18,000 Indians reside. The initiative aims to ensure the safety and well-being of Indian nationals abroad as the conflict escalates.

17. California has taken a significant step toward addressing the racial disparity in missing persons cases by introducing the Ebony Alert system. Scheduled to take effect on 1^st January 2024, this initiative aims to keep the public informed about missing Black children and young people. In doing so, California became the first state in the U.S. to implement such a statewide program.

18. The Gaza Strip has been the epicenter of an intense Israeli bombardment over the past five days, following a deadly attack by Hamas. Human rights groups are condemning this as collective punishment of the enclave's 2.3 million residents. Gaza's situation is on the brink of a humanitarian crisis, with hospitals overwhelmed and the territory facing a complete blockade due to Israel's intensified 16-year siege.

19. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recently published a multilateral treaty on Wednesday. This treaty has the potential to replace a patchwork of national digital services taxes if it gains sufficient support from countries.

20. In a recent excavation at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Oxfordshire, a remarkable piece of history was unearthed - the Royal Aircraft Establishment Mark III Catapult. This innovative prototype, constructed between 1938 and 1940 during the site's tenure as RAF Harwell, was designed with a unique purpose in mind: to launch World War Two bomber planes into the sky, revolutionizing take-off procedures and offering a crucial advantage during wartime.

21. In the wake of Israel's blockade of the Gaza Strip following the 7^th October, attack by Hamas, the Rafah border crossing with Egypt has become a crucial point for civilians seeking to enter or leave Gaza. This crossing, unlike others, is not controlled by Israel.

22. On 12^th October, Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu formed an emergency unity government, receiving support from opposition leader Benny Gantz to manage the ongoing conflict with Hamas. This move is significant given the deep political divisions in Israel and Netanyahu's polarizing presence in the country's politics.

23. A significant milestone is approaching as the "Statue of Equality," touted as the largest statue of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar outside India, is set to be unveiled in Maryland on 14^th October. Crafted by the renowned artist and sculptor Ram Sutar, known for the Sardar Patel statue in Ahmedabad, this 19-foot statue pays tribute to Dr. Ambedkar, the visionary architect of India's Constitution.

24. In a significant step toward realizing President Joe Biden's ambitious climate goals, the Biden administration has unveiled a $7 billion program to boost the development and production of hydrogen fuel across the United States. Hydrogen, a crucial component of Biden's strategy to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, is being pursued through seven regional hubs that aim to replace fossil fuels with cleaner-burning hydrogen for various applications.

25. On 14^th October, US Defence Secretary Austin Lloyd made a significant announcement, directing the nuclear-powered USS Dwight D. Eisenhower Carrier Strike Group (CSG) to the Eastern Mediterranean. This strategic move places the carrier group right next to the ongoing conflict between Israel and the militant organization Hamas.

26. The introduction of a new ferry service connecting Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka has left the residents of Lakshadweep feeling neglected and aggrieved. The launch of this service has exacerbated their longstanding transportation challenges, leaving them short-changed in terms of available passenger vessels for inter-island transport.

27. A new paper by the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER) warns that the decline in global poverty is anticipated to be slower than previously estimated. It predicts that by 2030, over 600 million people will be living in extreme poverty, and progress made before the COVID-19 pandemic may erode.

28. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) has successfully eliminated lymphatic filariasis (LF), marking its second neglected tropical disease (NTD) elimination in just six years. This achievement demonstrates the country's dedication and collaborative efforts in public health.

29. During a recent visit to China by Russian President Vladimir Putin, a peculiar sight caught the attention of onlookers. Russian officers accompanying Putin were observed carrying a mysterious item known as the "nuclear briefcase."

30. A G20 expert panel dedicated to strengthening Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) has urged these institutions to pivot from financing individual projects to prioritizing sectoral programs aligned with long-term transformation plans proposed by national governments. This strategic shift aims to enhance the effectiveness and impact of MDB operations.

31. In recent developments, accusations of the use of human shields and forced displacement have emerged in the ongoing conflict in the Middle East. This article delves into what these terms mean and how they are viewed under International Humanitarian Law (IHL).

32. Recently, Microsoft successfully concluded its $69 billion acquisition of the video game behemoth, Activision Blizzard, marking the largest consumer tech acquisition since AOL acquired Time Warner over two decades ago. The purchase, which had faced regulatory hurdles in the UK and the US, underscores the continued ability of tech industry giants to utilize their substantial cash reserves for expansion.

33. The government of Peru has introduced strict penalties for cellphone thieves, including the possibility of life imprisonment if the theft results in the death of a victim. These changes to the country's penal code recently received approval from Congress. The aim is to address the alarming rise in mobile device theft across the nation.

34. The Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, is participating in the prestigious 75^th Frankfurt Book Fair.

35. In the midst of a diplomatic standoff between India and Canada, the Canadian government made a significant announcement on 20^th October, revealed that 41 diplomats and their family members stationed in India had been recalled. The reason for this recall was the perceived threat of having their diplomatic immunity revoked on an arbitrary date, which could potentially jeopardize their personal safety.

36. In various Indian states, especially Punjab, the practice of "visa shopping" has been gaining popularity, often facilitated by travel companies. Visa shopping entails obtaining visas for countries that individuals may or may not visit during the visa's validity period.

37. An Israeli airstrike targeting a building adjacent to Gaza's historic Church of Saint Porphyrius, owned by the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, has caused extensive damage to the church. According to the Patriarchate, the bombed building had ties to the church and collapsed in the explosion following the strike.

38. A study conducted by the US Geological Survey (USGS) has revealed a concerning trend of rising salinity in groundwater across the United States. The study, based on three decades of data from 82 networks of wells, indicates increased levels of sodium and chloride ions, suggesting growing salinity in the nation's groundwater.

39. In a tragic incident on a busy Louisiana highway, a horrifying combination of wildfire smoke and dense fog resulted in a devastating 158-car pileup on Interstate 55. This catastrophic event has brought to the forefront the alarming meteorological phenomenon known as "super fog," which poses a severe threat to public safety due to its ability to severely impair visibility to less than 10 feet.

40. In a significant post-Brexit regulatory shift, the United Kingdom has abandoned a decade-old restriction on banker bonuses that it had adopted from the European Union. This move marks a distinct separation between the UK and the 27-country bloc it exited in 2020.

41. On 23^rd October, the yield on 10-year government bonds in the US, a global benchmark for asset prices, surged to 5.02%, its highest level since July 2007. Although it later dipped to 4.85%, this spike marked a multi-week decline in bond prices. Investors were wagering that the US Federal Reserve would maintain high interest rates for an extended period due to concerns about rising inflation driven by elevated energy costs.

42. The Sri Lankan Cabinet has approved a groundbreaking initiative to issue free visas to visitors from India, China, Russia, Malaysia, Japan, Indonesia, and Thailand. The move is part of a pilot project set to run until 31^th March 2024, with immediate effect. This significant step aims to revive the nation's tourism industry and foster stronger international relationships.

43. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has achieved a significant milestone by securing a place on the esteemed 18-member steering committee of the International Competition Network (ICN). This accomplishment comes as a result of consistent efforts by the Indian regulatory body.

44. In a keynote address at the Goa Maritime Conclave, India's Defence Minister, Rajnath Singh, drew attention to the concept of the "Prisoner's Dilemma" to highlight the importance of international collaboration over conflict in today's complex world.

Defence

1. The United Kingdom has granted a £4 billion (USD 4.9 billion) contract to three UK-based companies, BAE Systems, Rolls-Royce, and Babcock, to design and manufacture a nuclear-powered attack submarine. This initiative is a crucial element of the AUKUS program, which involves collaboration between the UK, Australia, and the United States.

2. The Indian Air Force (IAF) has put forth a proposal to procure three airborne intelligence gathering aircraft as part of an ambitious project focused on developing indigenous sensor technologies and systems. These airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance (ISTAR) platforms are crucial for real-time battlefield mapping and monitoring of enemy movements. The IAF is seeking approval for a Rs. 6,000 crore project for this purpose.

3. India and Bangladesh have kicked off the 11^th edition of their annual joint military exercise, SAMPRITI, on 3^rd October 2023, in Umroi, Meghalaya. This exercise, which alternates between the two nations, highlights the strong bilateral defense cooperation between them.

4. The Eastern Command of the Indian Army is organizing a significant defence event, "East Tech 2023," to showcase the latest defence technologies. This event, taking place on 10^th and 11^th October, is the first of its kind in Assam and the entire North East Region. "East Tech 2023" aims to identify cutting-edge technologies that can address operational challenges in the Eastern Sector and enhance self-reliance in defence technology.

5. The Chief of Defence Staff, General Anil Chauhan, has announced new rules governing disability pension for military personnel. These rules are designed to protect the legitimate interests of individuals who acquire disabilities during their service while preventing the misuse of liberal provisions.

6. The Indian Navy has recently implemented a groundbreaking '360 Degree Appraisal Mechanism' for its promotion boards. This transformative initiative aims to address the limitations of the existing assessment process by incorporating feedback from peers and subordinates. In this article, we'll explore this new appraisal mechanism and how it differs from the traditional 'Top-down' approach.

7. The TA (Territorial Army) has recently added a batch of five Mandarin language experts to its ranks. These experts will play a vital role as interpreters during Border Personnel Meetings (BPMs) between Indian and Chinese military personnel. Their presence aims to bridge the linguistic gap and enhance the understanding of discussions from India's perspective.

8. Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd. has clinched a significant order worth Rs. 310 crore from the Indian government for the construction of a training ship for the Indian Coast Guard. This contract, signed under the Buy (Indian-IDDM) category, marks a milestone in enhancing India's indigenous shipbuilding capabilities.

9. In a significant achievement for India's indigenous weapon systems, the Indian Air Force (IAF) recently conducted a successful test of the air-launched version of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile in the Bay of Bengal. This test marks a milestone in India's missile development efforts.

10. The Indian Air Force (IAF) is undertaking a comprehensive upgrade program for its Su-30 MKI combat aircraft fleet. The centerpiece of this upgrade is the integration of an indigenous advanced radar system known as "Virupaaksha." This effort is part of a larger initiative to enhance the capabilities of the Su-30 MKI aircraft.

11. The Indian Army is deploying Artificial Intelligence (AI) surveillance systems along its borders with Pakistan and China to enhance its operational capabilities. 140 AI-based surveillance systems have been deployed, including high-resolution cameras, sensors, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) feeds, and radar feeds.

12. Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) has delivered INS Imphal, the third ship of the Project 15B Class of stealth guided missile destroyers, to the Indian Navy, four months ahead of schedule.

13. Recently, South Korea, the United States, and Japan conducted their first-ever joint aerial exercises aimed at bolstering defense cooperation and preparedness against the increasing missile and nuclear threats posed by North Korea. The drills included a US B-52 bomber capable of carrying nuclear weapons and were held in the skies over the waters south of the Korean Peninsula.

14. The Indian and Malaysian armies have kicked off their joint bilateral training exercise, known as "Exercise Harimau Shakti 2023," at Umroi Cantonment. This collaborative effort between the two nations seeks to strengthen their military capabilities and deepen the bonds of friendship.

15. In a significant development for the Indian Army's special forces and combat free-fallers, the Special Forces Training School (SFTS) at Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh, has received the Army's first Vertical Wind Tunnel (VWT). Army Chief General Manoj Pande inaugurated this state-of-the-art training asset, virtually marking a milestone in enhancing the Combat Free Fall (CFF) skills of armed forces personnel.

16. In a significant move to enhance maritime security cooperation, India and the European Union (EU) conducted their first-ever joint naval exercise in the Gulf of Guinea on 24^th October. This exercise came on the heels of the third meeting of the EU-India Maritime Security Dialogue held on 5^th October in Brussels.

17. On 27^th October 2023, the Indian Navy marked another milestone in its indigenous naval capabilities with the launch of the third Ammunition Cum Torpedo Cum Missile (ACTCM) Barge, LSAM 17 (Yard 127). The ceremony, presided over by Cmde V. Pravin, AWPS (Mbi), took place at M/s Suryadipta Projects Pvt Ltd in Thane.

18. A contingent of 120 personnel from the Indian Army and Indian Air Force embarked on a mission to Kazakhstan to participate in the 7^th edition of the Joint Military Exercise 'KAZIND-2023.' This exercise, aimed at enhancing cooperation and combat readiness, will take place in Otar, Kazakhstan, spanning from 30^th October to 11^th November 2023.

19. The Indian Navy celebrated a significant milestone on 30^th October 2023, with the launch of 'DSC A 21,' the second vessel in the Diving Support Craft (DSC) project. This endeavor is a collaboration with M/s Titagarh Rail Systems Ltd (TRSL), headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal, and represents a crucial development for India's maritime capabilities.

20. In a significant move to bolster its defense capabilities, the Indian Air Force has deployed three S-400 air defense missile squadrons along its borders with China and Pakistan. This strategic deployment marks a crucial step in enhancing India's national security.

21. The Indian Army achieved a significant milestone on 30^th October as it conducted the inaugural firing of the 70mm rocket and 20mm turret guns mounted on the Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) Prachand. This successful operation marks a momentous step forward in India's indigenous defense capabilities.

Business, Economy & Banking

1. The Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) upcoming Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting, scheduled from 4^th to 6^th October, is expected to maintain the repo rate at 6.5% for the fourth consecutive time. The decision is driven by concerns about persistent consumer price index (CPI) inflation and various domestic and global economic challenges.

2. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) has unveiled a new framework aimed at streamlining the process of reporting and verification in the event of an investor's demise. This initiative introduces a centralized mechanism managed by the KYC Registration Agency and establishes operational norms for regulated entities and registered intermediaries interacting with individual investors. The framework is set to be effective from 1^st January 2024.

3. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has established a nine-member working group to propose a framework for a smoother transition to the expected credit loss-based provisioning system (ECL). The group, led by R. Narayanaswamy, a former professor of IIM Bangalore, will include bankers and industry experts.

4. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has raised India's economic growth forecast for 2023 to 6.6%, up from the 6% predicted earlier. However, it anticipates a slight slowdown to 6.2% growth in 2024.

5. Amidst global uncertainty, India is gaining momentum in its economic performance, thanks to easing inflation and a stable rupee. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) highlighted these positive trends in its October bulletin, signaling a robust macroeconomic foundation.

6. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced a crucial requirement for Indian banks, stating that they must now have a minimum of two whole-time directors (WTDs) on their boards. This mandate extends to the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (MD&CEO) position.

7. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced a significant change in its regulations, allowing District Central Co-operative Banks (DCCBs) to close un-remunerative branches without seeking prior permission from the central bank. However, DCCBs will need approval from the Registrar of Cooperative Societies in their respective states.

Science & Technology

1. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine, a product of collaboration between the University of Oxford and the Serum Institute of India, employing Novavax's adjuvant technology. Following rigorous safety and efficacy evaluations by WHO's expert committees, this vaccine has received the green light for use, marking a significant milestone in the fight against malaria.

2. A recent study published in Science Advances reveals how pollen grains can provide valuable insights into the migration of early humans from Africa to Europe and Asia. Researchers from the University of Kansas examined pollen data to understand how warming temperatures and changing vegetation supported human migration, particularly in Siberia.

3. The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2023 has been awarded to Ferenc Krausz, Pierre Agostini, and Anne L'Huillier for their groundbreaking experiments that have led to the creation of attosecond pulses of light. These pulses have opened new avenues for studying the behavior of electrons within atoms and molecules, revolutionizing the field of electrodynamics in matter.

4. A recent study published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology has shed light on the sobering reality of type 2 diabetes and its profound effect on life expectancy. This comprehensive analysis, which examined data from 19 high-income countries, reveals alarming insights into the consequences of being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, especially at a younger age.

5. Researchers at the Materials Research Centre (MRC), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), have achieved a breakthrough in wastewater treatment and potential medical diagnostics. They've developed a cutting-edge enzyme mimetic called "NanoPtA" that can effectively degrade toxic chemicals in industrial wastewater when exposed to sunlight.

6. Scientists with the International Astronomical Union (IAU) recently made a startling announcement: one of the brightest objects visible in the night sky is not a star or planet but the BlueWalker 3 prototype satellite, developed by AST SpaceMobile.

7. A new report titled "Diabetes Global Industry Overview 2023" sheds light on the staggering impact of diabetes on global health and healthcare expenditure. With nearly seven million deaths attributed to diabetes in 2021 and healthcare costs reaching $970 billion that year, diabetes poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide.

8. While the water from these wetlands is not directly used for human consumption, people in surrounding communities can indirectly consume heavy metals by consuming various foods from these wetlands, such as fish, rice, vegetables, and spinach. This indirect exposure can lead to the incorporation of heavy metals into the food chain and subsequently impact human health.

9. A recent study, published in the journal Global Ecology and Biogeography, has examined the seasonal elevational shifts of 302 Himalayan bird species, revealing that the majority of these birds migrate downslope during the winter. However, a small proportion of species found in low elevations migrate upslope.

10. Dozens of planet-sized objects have been discovered in the Orion Nebula through observations made by the James Webb Space Telescope, raising questions about the formation of these entities. These objects, termed "Jupiter-mass binary objects" or "Jumbos," do not fit the conventional definitions of stars or planets as they are not in orbit around a parent star.

11. NASA's Perseverance rover captured a fascinating sight on Mars - an image of a dust devil swirling across the planet's Jezero Crater. This event, recorded on 30^th August 2023, during the rover's 899^th Martian day, provides valuable insights into Martian weather patterns and helps scientists study the Martian atmosphere.

12. A study recently published in the journal Science estimates that approximately 23 million people worldwide live on floodplains contaminated by toxic waste from metal mining activity. The research utilized a global database of 1,85,000 metal mines and assessed the contamination's impact on rivers, floodplains, and human populations.

13. A recent study published in Neurology has raised questions about the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of dementia in older adults. The research suggests that both high and low levels of HDL cholesterol may be associated with an increased risk of dementia, emphasizing the importance of maintaining HDL cholesterol within a certain range for both cardiovascular and brain health.

14. On 5^th October 2023, a groundbreaking moment in the field of astronomy occurred when an artificial intelligence (AI) system named Bright Transient Survey Bot (BTSbot) autonomously detected, identified, and classified its first supernova, marking a significant milestone in the realm of space exploration.

15. Spanish aerospace company PLD Space has achieved a significant milestone by successfully launching its recoverable Miura-1 rocket. This achievement marks Europe's first fully private rocket launch and offers a glimmer of hope for Europe's space ambitions. The Miura-1 rocket, named after a fighting bull, conducted a suborbital test flight with the goal of gathering crucial data for future missions.

16. Researchers from Mahidol University in Thailand are exploring the remarkable potential of watermeal, the world's smallest flowering plant, as a source of nutrition and oxygen for astronauts. Conducted at the European Space Agency's (ESA) ESTEC technical centre in the Netherlands, this research subjected watermeal to hypergravity conditions using ESA's Large Diameter Centrifuge (LDC).

17. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced the successful execution of a Trajectory Correction Maneuver (TCM) for its Aditya L1 spacecraft. Aditya L1 is on a 110-day journey to reach the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point 1 (L1), marking one of the longest space missions undertaken by an Indian spacecraft since the 2013 - 2014 Mars mission.

18. Hydrilla, an invasive aquatic plant known for its rapid growth and harmful effects on ecosystems, has been found in Michigan, US, for the first time. This discovery was made by the Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) during routine monitoring of private ponds in Berrien Springs, Southwest Michigan.

19. The Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS) has experienced its third coolant leak in less than a year, raising concerns about the reliability of Russia's space program. Fortunately, officials have assured that the crew members on board the ISS are not in immediate danger.

20. NASA's Parker Solar Probe has achieved a remarkable feat, becoming the fastest human-made object in history. During its 17^th orbit around the sun, the probe reached a staggering speed of 6,35,266 kilometers (394,736 miles) per hour, surpassing its own record set in 2021. This remarkable journey not only signifies a groundbreaking achievement in space exploration but also brings the probe closer to the sun than ever before, providing invaluable insights into the Sun's outer corona.

21. The ingestion and inhalation of microplastics by both humans and animals have raised concerns. These particles have been found in human organs, including the lungs, brains, hearts, blood, placentas, and feces. While their toxicity is still under investigation, studies on mice exposed to microplastics suggest potential health issues, such as behavioral changes.

22. At the 11^th Traffic Expo and Smart Mobility Conference, three indigenously developed technologies were introduced, furthering India's progress in various domains. The launch took place in the presence of distinguished officials and experts from the government and the industry.

23. In a remarkable achievement, ImmunoACT, backed by IIT-B and Laurus Labs, has received approval from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) for India's first CAR-T cell therapy, NexCAR19. This revolutionary therapy is a significant development in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell lymphomas and leukemia and marks a substantial step forward in the field of advanced cell-and-gene therapies.

24. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up for a significant milestone in its ambitious human space mission, Gaganyaan. The success of this flight test will pave the way for remaining qualification tests and unmanned missions, ultimately leading to the first Gaganyaan mission with Indian astronauts.

25. COVID-19, the global pandemic that swept across nations, brought forth numerous challenges for both patients and healthcare systems. A recent study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) sheds light on the lingering health issues faced by COVID-19 patients even a year after their discharge from the hospital.

26. Mercury, the smallest planet in our solar system, is often overlooked due to its diminutive size, barely larger than Earth's Moon. Its proximity to the Sun and the absence of an atmosphere have left its surface pockmarked with countless impact craters. However, recent findings by scientists have uncovered a fascinating aspect of this celestial neighbor that promises to expand our understanding of Mercury's magnetic environment.

27. In a groundbreaking study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, scientists have put forth a novel evolutionary law that can elucidate the evolution of entities, both living and non-living, ranging from minerals to stars.

28. NASA is gearing up for an ambitious mission called Psyche, where a high-tech spacecraft will embark on a 2.2 billion mile journey to explore an asteroid known as 16 Psyche. This mission, scheduled for launch on 12^th October, holds immense promise as it aims to delve into the mysteries of this metal-rich asteroid and gain insights into planetary cores, contributing to our understanding of Earth's formation.

29. A piece of rock bearing mysterious markings, known as the Saint-Belec slab, which lay largely unstudied for 4,000 years, has become a vital tool for archaeologists in north-western France. Researchers declared it Europe's oldest map in 2021 and are now using it to rediscover lost ancient sites, a novel approach in archaeological research.

30. The written records of ancient civilizations provide a remarkable window into the world of animals that once shared the landscape with our ancestors. A recent study delving into venomous snake descriptions found in an ancient Egyptian papyrus has uncovered a surprising diversity of these reptiles in the land of the pharaohs.

31. In the era of rapidly increasing extreme weather events due to climate change, a recent study shines a light on the intricate web of interconnected climate phenomena known as "teleconnections." These interrelated climate behaviors, which often span thousands of kilometers, are far from random occurrences; they are crucial to comprehending the complexities of our global climate system.

32. In a groundbreaking scientific endeavor, China is constructing the world's largest "ghost particle" detector, the Tropical Deep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT), also known as "Hai ling" or "Ocean Bell" in Chinese. Situated 11,500 feet (3,500 meters) beneath the surface of the Western Pacific Ocean, TRIDENT will revolutionize our understanding of elusive particles known as neutrinos.

33. The annual Orionid meteor shower is set to light up the night sky in October 2023. The Orionid meteor shower occurs every October as Earth passes through the debris left behind by Halley's Comet, scientifically known as 1P/Halley.

34. The moon, with its lack of air, water, and extreme temperature fluctuations, poses numerous challenges for space agencies planning lunar missions. One of the most persistent challenges is lunar dust, which can erode space suits, clog machinery, interfere with scientific instruments, and hinder movement on the lunar surface.

35. A recent study on the Little Ice Age (LIA), a significant global climatic event spanning from CE 1671 to 1942, has revealed intriguing findings that challenge the traditional belief of a uniformly cold and dry climate with reduced monsoon rainfall during this period. The research sheds light on the previously underexplored hydro-climatic variations of the LIA.

36. As the demand for energy continues to surge, the quest for efficient and reliable energy storage solutions remains at the forefront of scientific research. Researchers striving to enhance energy storage capabilities have made significant strides in the development of a hybrid electrode-based flexible symmetric supercapacitor.

37. Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope have made a remarkable discovery in the atmosphere of the exoplanet WASP-17b, located approximately 1,300 light-years away from Earth.

38. The rare Paintbrush Swift butterfly, a species uncommon in the western Himalayas, has been sighted and documented for the first time in Himachal Pradesh's Chamba district. This discovery marks an important milestone for butterfly enthusiasts and conservationists in the region.

39. A recent study published in the journal Nature reported evidence of high levels of helium-3 in rocks on Canada's Baffin Island, raising the intriguing possibility that the Earth's core may be leaking. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the Earth's composition and offers a unique opportunity to study core material, which has never been done before.

40. Johnson & Johnson has unveiled promising results from a trial of its experimental pill for dengue fever, a disease that currently lacks specific treatments. This development is significant because there are currently no specific treatments available for dengue, which is considered a growing global health threat.

41. Caltech researchers have employed cutting-edge imaging techniques to investigate heightened seismic activity in California's Long Valley Caldera, a dormant supervolcano. Scientists have been monitoring this region within California's Eastern Sierra Nevada mountains since the 1980s, where they have observed periods of significant unrest characterized by earthquake swarms and ground inflation, with the ground rising nearly half an inch annually during these episodes.

42. In a remarkable scientific revelation, researchers have unearthed the remnants of an ancient tectonic plate in Southeast Asia that had vanished from the geological records for over 20 million years. Dubbed the "Pontus plate," fragments of this long-lost crust were located in the South China Sea near Borneo island, shedding light on Earth's intricate geological history.

43. Heman Bekele, a 14-year-old ninth grader from Annandale, Virginia, has achieved an incredible feat by winning the esteemed "America's Top Young Scientist" award. Presented by 3M and Discovery Education, this award is considered one of the nation's premier middle school science competitions.

44. Nearly a month after NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft successfully deposited a pristine sample of asteroid Bennu's surface material in the Utah desert, the space agency faces a challenging hurdle: accessing the space rocks. The bulk of the asteroid sample is trapped inside the mission's canister, and scientists at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston are working diligently to unlock its secrets.

45. NASA is preparing to embark on a remarkable journey into the depths of our Milky Way Galaxy using the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. This advanced telescope will scan the vast expanse of space, searching for subtle signals and telltale flickers that could unlock secrets about the cosmos and transform our understanding of the universe.

46. The universe, with its vast array of stars, galaxies, and celestial wonders, has long captivated the minds of astronomers and cosmologists. Among the myriad questions that continue to puzzle scientists, the distribution of matter in the cosmos remains a fundamental enigma. Recent efforts by the FLAMINGO project aimed to shed light on this cosmic mystery, but the findings have introduced a perplexing conundrum known as the "S8 tension."

47. Scientists have achieved a groundbreaking feat by successfully activating the world's smallest particle accelerator for the first time. This remarkable achievement, with a size comparable to a small coin, holds immense potential for various applications, including the possibility of utilizing miniaturized particle accelerators for medical purposes.

48. Newton's third law of motion, stating "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction," is a fundamental concept in physics. However, scientists have uncovered a fascinating exception to this law within the realm of biological swimmers, particularly human sperm. In a recent study, researchers found that sperm can swim by deforming their bodies in a manner that doesn't generate a reaction from their surroundings, challenging Newton's law.

49. Scientists in Brazil have developed a groundbreaking treatment for cocaine and crack addiction in the form of a vaccine named "Calixcoca." This innovative vaccine aims to disrupt the effects of cocaine by triggering an immune response in the body, preventing the drug from reaching the brain and providing the pleasurable "high" associated with its use.

50. In its ongoing battle against the spread of misinformation online, Google has introduced three innovative tools aimed at improving image understanding and fact-checking. These tools, "About this Image," "Fact Check Explorer," and AI-generated source descriptions within the "Search Generative Experience," empower users to make more informed decisions and counter the proliferation of false information.

51. NASA launched the Integral Field Ultraviolet Spectroscope Experiment (INFUSE) mission on 29^th October, aiming to study the Cygnus Loop, a supernova remnant located about 2,600 light years away from Earth. This spectacular event occurred around 20,000 years ago when a massive star, roughly 20 times the size of the Sun, exploded in a brilliant supernova.

Government Schemes

1. The Maharashtra government has given the green light to two significant welfare schemes aimed at benefiting its citizens. These schemes, designed to support families with annual incomes up to Rs. 1 lakh and farmers across the state, are set to make a substantial impact.

2. Assam has introduced an upgraded version of its poverty alleviation scheme called Orunodoi 2.0. The new scheme was launched with the distribution of Orunodoi Cards to additional beneficiaries, marking a significant step in empowering disadvantaged sections of society.

3. The Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for white goods, which covers air conditioners and LED lights, has witnessed further improvements in response to suggestions from industry associations and beneficiaries. These changes are aimed at simplifying the scheme's operation and improving the ease of doing business in India.

4. In Kerala, approximately 1,200 children under the age of 18 are not eligible for the state government's 'Mittayi' scheme, which provides support to those suffering from Type 1 diabetes, due to their parents' annual income exceeding Rs. 2 lakh.

5. In a significant development, Jharkhand Chief Minister Hemant Soren recently chaired a meeting to introduce a new public transport scheme aimed at benefiting the rural population of the state. The scheme, titled 'Mukhyamantri Gram Gaadi Yojna,' is set to be proposed during an upcoming Cabinet meeting for swift approval. Let's dive into the details of this ambitious plan.

6. The state government of Gujarat introduced the Gyan Sahayak Scheme in July, aimed at addressing teacher vacancies in government schools through contractual appointments. However, the scheme has faced significant opposition from various quarters, including student groups, political parties, and teachers' associations.

7. The Jharkhand Cabinet recently approved the 'Abua Awas Yojna' (AAY), a housing scheme designed to provide eight lakh pucca houses to homeless individuals in the state. With a total budget of Rs. 16,320 crore, the scheme will be executed in three phases, targeting 2 lakh houses in the current financial year, 3.5 lakh houses in FY 2024-25, and 2.5 lakh houses in FY 2025 - 26.

Awards & Honours

1. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2023 has been awarded to Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman for their groundbreaking research on nucleoside base modifications that played a pivotal role in the development of highly effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. Let's delve into who these scientists are and how their work revolutionized vaccine technology.

2. Khaled Khalifa, a prominent Syrian writer, television screenwriter, and critic of the government, has passed away at the age of 59 due to cardiac arrest at his home in Damascus. Khalifa was widely recognized for his literary contributions and had received several prestigious awards in the Arab world.

3. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2023 has been conferred upon Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov for their groundbreaking work on quantum dots. These tiny nanoparticles have far-reaching applications in various fields, from electronics to medical diagnostics.

4. Rajasthan is preparing to introduce its exclusive heritage train service, the Valley Queen Heritage Train, which will commence its journey from Marwar Junction to Khamlighat starting on 5^th October. Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually inaugurated this unique rail service from Jodhpur.

5. The Swedish Academy in Stockholm, Sweden, has awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature to Norwegian author Jon Fosse. The Nobel Prize in Literature is one of the prestigious awards established by Alfred Nobel in 1895.

6. Narges Mohammadi, a prominent Iranian women's rights advocate, has been awarded the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize for her courageous efforts in the fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her relentless pursuit of social reform. Despite her incarceration, she has been recognized for her dedication to promoting human rights and freedom for all.

7. The Nobel Prize in Economics for 2023 has been awarded to Claudia Goldin, a professor at Harvard University, in recognition of her groundbreaking work in advancing our understanding of women's labor market outcomes. Her research, focused primarily on the United States, has shed light on the historical trends and factors influencing women's participation in the labor market and the persistent gender pay gap.

8. In a remarkable display of skill and resilience, the Indian Army clinched the gold medal at the Cambrian Patrol Competition 2023, an international military exercise held in Wales, UK. This achievement reflects the prowess of a team from the 3/5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force), who represented the Indian Army at this prestigious event.

9. The Gaza Strip has been the epicenter of an intense Israeli bombardment over the past five days, following a deadly attack by Hamas. Human rights groups are condemning this as collective punishment of the enclave's 2.3 million residents. Gaza's situation is on the brink of a humanitarian crisis, with hospitals overwhelmed and the territory facing a complete blockade due to Israel's intensified 16-year siege.

10. Air Marshal Sadhna S. Nair has achieved a historic milestone by becoming the second woman officer from the medical branch of the Indian Air Force (IAF) to attain the esteemed rank of Air Marshal. This achievement marks a significant moment in the history of the IAF and showcases the dedication and prowess of women in the military.

11. Celebrated poet Louise Gluck, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2020, has passed away at the age of 80. The Swedish Academy, responsible for Nobel Prize selection, praised her poetry for its unreserved examination of family and childhood with distinct and austere beauty. Louise Gluck's work, often concise and poignant, was noted for its similarity to 19^th century American poet Emily Dickinson in its severity and unwillingness to accept simple tenets of faith.

12. Every year on 30^th October, a remarkable event unfolds in the heart of Kolkata, India, as hundreds of people from West Bengal's Thevar community gather for Thevar Jayanthi Guru Puja. This occasion marks the anniversary of U. Muthuramalinga Thevar's birth, a prominent politician and leader of the Thevar community.

Sports

1. In a breathtaking display of chess mastery, 24-year-old Indian grandmaster Karthikeyan Murali delivered a remarkable blow to the reigning world champion and number one player, Magnus Carlsen. This stunning victory, achieved in the classical chess format at the ongoing Qatar Masters, marks a historic moment in the world of chess.

2. The 37^th edition of the National Games for 2023 is currently in progress in Goa, spanning five cities: Vasco, Ponda, Panjim, Margao, and Mapusa. More than 10,000 athletes representing 28 different states of India, eight Union Territories, and the Services team are vying for medals across 48 distinct sports.

3. Indian para-athletes achieved a historic milestone at the Asian Para Games in Hangzhou with India achieving their most impressive medal count to date, amassing a total of 111 medals: 29 gold, 31 silver, and 51 bronze. Dilip Mahadu Gavit secured 100^th medal in the competition by wining a gold medal in Men's 400m.

4. Hailing from the beautiful town of Anantnag, Kashmir, Zahid Hussain achieved a remarkable feat by securing the silver medal at the prestigious Asian Shooting Championship held in South Korea. His remarkable performance not only brought joy to his hometown but also marked a significant step towards representing his nation at the Paris 2024 Olympics.

5. A 655-member Indian contingent participated at the Asian Games 2023 in Hangzhou, the People’s Republic of China from 23^rd September to 8^th October. The 19^th edition of the continental quadrennial multisport meet was originally scheduled for 2022 but was postponed by a year due to COVID-19. India finished their Asian Games 2023 campaign with a record haul of 107 medals - 28 gold, 38 silver and 41 bronze.

6. Lionel Messi was crowned the best footbal player of the world with the Ballon d'Or award on 30^th October. He won the prestigious award for the record 8^th time and is now three awards clear of his closest rival Portugal star Cristiano Ronaldo who has won it on five occasions.

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References:
jagranjosh.com
gktoday.in
business-standard.com