Current Affair of October 2024

National

1. The 'Cruise Bharat Mission' is a new project launched by the Indian government to promote cruise tourism in India. Union Minister Shri Sarbananda Sonowal officially inaugurated at Mumbai port on the cruise ship 'Empress'. The mission aims to tap into India's potential as a major cruise destination and increase the number of people who travel by cruise ships.

2. Telangana has made history as the first state in India to start a chapter of NITI Aayog's Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP). This initiative is focused on helping women entrepreneurs by offering them important tools, resources, and connections to grow their businesses.

3. Kerala's Chief Minister, Pinarayi Vijayan, recently inaugurated India's first supercapacitor manufacturing facility at Keltron Component Complex Limited (KCCL) in Kallyassery, Kannur. This marks an important milestone for both Keltron and India's electronics industry.

4. The Union Cabinet of India, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the recognition of five new classical languages: Assamese, Bengali, Marathi, Pali and Prakrit. This decision highlights the government's dedication to supporting regional languages and honoring India's diverse linguistic traditions.

5. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's upcoming tour to Maharashtra is a major development event for the state's infrastructure. He will inaugurate the Colaba-Bandra-SEEPZ Mumbai Metro Line 3, which is the city's first fully underground metro line. Along with this, he will also launch several projects aimed at improving urban living and supporting farmers.

6. On 3rd October 2024, India's Union Health Ministry announced that the country has become an affiliate member of the International Medical Device Regulators Forum (IMDRF). This is a big step for India because it will allow the country to work closely with other countries to improve how medical devices are regulated and approved.

7. Odisha's forest officials conducted the "All Odisha Leopard Estimation," which revealed the presence of rare melanistic leopards, commonly known as black panthers, in three different forest areas. This survey covered 47 forest divisions across the state.

8. The Assam government has started an important program called the 'Nijut Moina' scheme to fight against child marriage. This initiative aims to encourage girls to continue their education, especially since child marriage has been a serious problem in the state.

9. Recent research from the International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition has found a connection between diets high in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the rise of diabetes in India. India has the highest number of diabetes cases in the world, earning it the title of the "world's diabetic capital."

10. The central government has given temporary approval to create Bihar's second tiger reserve in Kaimur district. This decision came after a proposal from the Bihar state government and is aimed at improving wildlife protection in the area.

11. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu met to strengthen the already close relationship between India and the Maldives. Their discussions resulted in a plan to create a Comprehensive Economic and Maritime Security Partnership that focuses on improving the lives of people in the Indian Ocean Region.

12. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently praised India for successfully eliminating trachoma as a public health issue. This makes India the third country in the Southeast Asia Region to achieve this, following Nepal and Myanmar.

13. After the success of Chandrayaan-3 in August 2023, India's National Space Commission has approved a new lunar mission, called the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (Lupex). This mission is a partnership between India's space agency ISRO and Japan's space agency JAXA, and it will focus on exploring the Moon's resources, especially water at the lunar south pole.

14. The Indian government has approved the construction of 2,280 km of roads in Rajasthan and Punjab, with an investment of Rs. 4,406 crore. The main focus is to improve infrastructure in areas near the Pakistan border, making these regions more connected and developed.

15. The Indian government, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the development of the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) in Lothal, Gujarat. This project will celebrate India's long and rich maritime history.

16. In Hanle, Ladakh, the Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment (MACE), Asia's largest imaging Cherenkov telescope, was inaugurated at an impressive altitude of nearly 4,300 meters. Developed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in collaboration with several Indian industries, this marks a major step forward in India's ability to study cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles from space.

17. For many years, life expectancy has been increasing because of improvements in medicine and technology. However, it seems to be slowing down now. A new study suggests that if we want to significantly extend how long people live, we need to find ways to combat the natural ageing process itself, not just treat common diseases like cancer or heart disease.

18. The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) recently declared Hizb-ut-Tahrir (HuT) a terrorist organization under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). This decision is a major step in India's efforts to combat radicalism and terrorism.

19. The Telangana state government has launched a new effort to study the sub-classification of Scheduled Castes (SCs) for reservation benefits. This is being done to ensure that the different groups within SCs get a fair share of the benefits offered by the government. To carry out this study, the government has created a special commission, which retired Justice Shameem Akhtar will lead.

20. India has seen a worrying decline in its bird population over recent decades, especially between 1992 and 2002, when some species, like vultures, faced severe reductions. The Living Planet Report 2024 draws attention to this issue, making India the only country to have a specific section on its bird crisis in the report.

21. India's vaccine regulatory system was evaluated by international experts from the World Health Organization (WHO). The evaluation confirmed that India meets the WHO's standards for an effective vaccine regulatory system. This recognition highlights India's important role in the global pharmaceutical industry, especially in the production of vaccines.

22. The India Digital Agri Conference 2024 was held in New Delhi, co-organized by the Indian Chamber of Food and Agriculture (ICFA) and IIT Ropar TIF - AwaDH. The event aimed to explore how digital technology can change the way farming is done in India, offering farmers new tools to improve their work.

23. In July 2024, devastating floods and landslides hit Wayanad district in Kerala, killing more than 200 people. To prevent future disasters, the Union Ministry of Earth Sciences approved the installation of an X-band radar in the region. This radar will help improve weather tracking and provide early warnings for landslides.

24. In 2023, the world added 347 gigawatts (GW) of solar energy, marking a 74% increase from the previous year. This rapid growth was driven by the falling costs of solar panels and supportive government policies, as noted in a report by IRENA and the International Labour Organization (ILO).

25. New rules were introduced for people applying for Aadhaar, India's unique identification number. These changes affect Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) and Non-Resident Indians (NRIs). Now, anyone over 18 must prove that they have stayed in India for at least 182 days during the previous year to qualify for Aadhaar enrolment.

26. The air quality in Delhi and the surrounding areas (NCR) has worsened, leading to the activation of Stage I of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) by the Centre's air pollution control panel. The Air Quality Index (AQI) reached 234, which falls in the 'poor' category, signalling the need for immediate action to prevent further deterioration.

27. A study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research predicts a sharp increase in cancer cases and deaths in India and South Africa from 2022 to 2045. This rise is linked to longer life expectancies in these countries, similar to trends in other BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).

28. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is an annual report measuring hunger and malnutrition levels in countries worldwide. In the 2024 report, India ranks 105th out of 127 countries, with a score of 27.3. This score places India in the category of countries facing "serious" levels of hunger.

29. Dr. L. Murugan, the Union Minister, has started the creation of an iGOT Lab (Integrated Government Online Training Lab) within the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. This new initiative will help Ministry employees improve their skills through online learning.

30. India and Colombia have signed an important agreement to work together in the film industry. This agreement was signed by Dr. L. Murugan, India's Minister, and Mr. Jorge Enrique Rojas Rodriguez, Colombia's Vice Minister. With this deal, Colombia becomes the 17th country to partner with India in such an initiative.

31. The Indian government has approved a Rs. 2,642 crore project to build a rail-cum-road bridge over the Ganga river in Varanasi. The project will take four years to complete and aims to improve transportation in this important region.

32. The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) in India has introduced new rules to stop companies from making false environmental claims, a practice called greenwashing. The goal is to protect consumers from being misled by advertisements that make untrue claims about how eco-friendly a product or service is. Now, companies must provide scientific proof for any environmental statements they make.

33. A new Centre of Excellence in Ayurveda Research will be set up at the CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) in Pappanamcode, Kerala. The goal of this center is to scientifically test and validate Ayurvedic products to meet international standards.

34. Kaziranga National Park, famous for its one-horned rhinoceros, has recently been recognized as India's second-largest hub for butterfly diversity, with an impressive 446 butterfly species. This ranking comes just behind Namdapha National Park in Arunachal Pradesh.

35. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) launched two important guidelines in Hyderabad to help improve India's Carbon Market, which is part of the country's plan to fight climate change. These guidelines aim to make carbon credit trading more effective, helping India reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

36. Meta, in partnership with the Indian government, launched a safety campaign called 'Scam se Bacho'. This campaign will run for two months and is designed to help people in India learn how to avoid online scams. The initiative comes in response to the growing number of cyber fraud cases in the country.

37. The 8th Uttarakhand Bird Festival took place from 18th to 20th October 2024, at Benog Wildlife Sanctuary, near Mussoorie. This event showcased the rich avian diversity of the region. A total of 95 bird species and 22 butterfly species were recorded during the festival. It attracted attention from experts and students alike, denoting the importance of biodiversity in Uttarakhand.

38. In January 2024, after an oil spill in Ennore, Thiruvallur district, the Tamil Nadu government introduced a detailed plan to handle future oil spills. This plan focuses on four coastal districts that are at high risk of oil spills and aims to prevent environmental damage.

39. On 20th October 2024, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu announced plans to introduce legislation requiring local body election candidates to have two or more children. This move aims to address concerns about the state's ageing population and declining birth rates.

40. Assam's Chief Minister, Himanta Biswa Sarma, launched Mission Basundhara 3.0 in Guwahati. This initiative aims to provide land rights to indigenous communities in Assam. It follows previous phases of the mission, initiated to address land rights after 75 years of India's independence.

41. Generative AI is changing the landscape of India's workforce. It boosts productivity and automates routine tasks, allowing employees to focus on higher-value work. A recent study indicates that generative AI could save up to 1.8 million hours weekly in operational communication at manufacturing plants.

42. Tuberculosis (TB) is a critical public health issue in India. Each year, approximately three million new TB cases are reported, and around 3,00,000 deaths occur due to the disease. The Ministry of Health has recently increased the financial support under the Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) from Rs. 500 to Rs. 1,000 per month.

43. Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu has announced plans to create a law encouraging residents to have more children. He highlighted a population deficit, stating that fewer than two children per family leads to a rapid decline in the young population.

44. Mission Mausam was launched by the Government of India in September 2024. This initiative aims to enhance weather forecasting and manage specific weather events. The mission seeks to control rainfall, hail, fog, and later, lightning strikes.

45. Bihar's Industry Minister Nitish Mishra inaugurated the state's first dry port in Bihar, near Patna. This initiative aims to enhance exports of goods produced in Bihar, in partnership with a private company. The dry port is an important step towards improving the logistics and export capabilities of the state.

46. The Supreme Court of India upheld the constitutional validity of Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, of 1955. This ruling was delivered by a Constitution Bench with a 4 : 1 majority. Justice Surya Kant authored the majority opinion, while Justice Pardiwala dissented. The decision is for Assam's citizenship framework.

47. Shri Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, the Minister of Communications and Development of North Eastern Region, launched the 'International Incoming Spoofed Calls Prevention System'. This initiative is part of the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) efforts to enhance digital safety in India.

48. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) in India approved two railway projects. These projects have a combined estimated cost of Rs. 6,798 crore. The approval was chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, denoting the government's commitment to enhancing railway infrastructure.

49. India ranks 176th in the Global Nature Conservation Index (NCI) 2024, with a score of 45.5 out of 100. This places India among the five worst performers globally, alongside Kiribati, Turkey, Iraq, and Micronesia. The NCI was released on 24th October 2024, and assesses conservation efforts across 180 countries.

50. Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank, former Chief Minister of Uttarakhand, will inaugurate a unique initiative called 'Writer's Village' (Lekhak Gaon) near Dehradun. This event marks an important cultural milestone in India, aiming to celebrate literature and creativity.

51. The Kadar tribe in Vazhachal, Kerala, initiated a pioneering project to restore natural forests affected by invasive species. This effort involves collaboration with various organisations, including local government bodies and WWF-India. The project aims to revitalise the forest ecosystem and support local communities.

52. Karnataka's School Education and Literacy Minister, Madhu Bangarappa, launched "Shiksha Copilot," a digital tool powered by artificial intelligence (AI). This tool aims to improve the education system in government schools, helping both teachers and students perform better academically.

53. AI and Meta announced an important collaboration. They launched the Center for Generative AI, Srijan at IIT Jodhpur. This initiative aims to advance open-source artificial intelligence (AI) in India. It also includes the YuvAi Initiative for Skilling and Capacity Building in partnership with the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).

54. Union Minister Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh launched the Pandemic Fund Project in New Delhi. This initiative focuses on enhancing animal health security in India. It aims to improve pandemic preparedness and response in the livestock sector. The project is backed by a $25 million fund from the G20 Pandemic Fund.

55. Assam's Bordoibam-Bilmukh Bird Sanctuary is in crisis. Once a thriving habitat for many bird species, it now faces an important decline in avian diversity. Recent surveys indicate a drop of over 70% in bird species. Of 167 recorded species, only 47 remain.

56. The Pune Forest Department has initiated an important conservation project. This project focuses on five wild animal species: wolf, jackal, fox, civet, and hyena. Collectively, these species are termed 'Mizo-Carnivorous'. The proposal has been submitted for approval and is currently under review by the chief wildlife warden.

57. The Rajasthan government launched the Rajasthan Investment Promotion Scheme (RIPS) 2024. This initiative aims to boost private investment across various sectors. It is an important upgrade from the previous RIPS 2022. The scheme was introduced ahead of the 'Rising Rajasthan' Global Investment Summit, scheduled for December 2024 in Jaipur.

58. Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan is set to inaugurate the Thottiyar Hydroelectric scheme in Idukki on 28th October 2024. This 40 MW project is noteworthy for its efficient use of water in power generation. Officials anticipate an annual output of 99 million units of electricity.

59. India ranks 79 out of 142 countries in the 2024 Rule of Law Index published by the World Justice Project. This ranking reflects the current state of governance, fundamental rights, and the business environment in India.

60. The Hibox application scam has resulted in financial losses for many Indians, estimated at Rs. 1,000 crore. This scam involved the promotion of a mobile app that promised high returns on investments. Popular social media influencers and YouTubers played a key role in promoting this app. Investigations are ongoing, led by the Intelligence Fusion and Strategic Operations (IFSO) unit of the Delhi Police.

61. Aandhi, a small village in Jaipur district, is adopting a zero-waste model. This initiative is driven by green technology. The village aims to convert various types of waste into valuable resources. This includes food waste, agricultural waste, wastewater, and hospital waste.

62. Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated the BRIC-National Agri-Food Bio-Manufacturing Institute in India. This is the country's first biomanufacturing institute, aimed at revolutionizing the agri-food sector through advanced biotechnology. The initiative aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of a Viksit Bharat, or developed India.

63. The Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD) in India released the Standard Veterinary Treatment Guidelines (SVTGs) for livestock and poultry. This initiative is a collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The guidelines aim to standardize veterinary treatment across India.

64. Union Home Minister Amit Shah launched the Civil Registration System (CRS) mobile application. This initiative aims to integrate technology with governance. The app facilitates the registration of births and deaths, making the process seamless and hassle-free. Citizens can register at any time and from any location, using their State's official language.

International

1. Taiwan has launched the Global Elite Card to attract skilled foreign professionals in response to a growing labor shortage, which is expected to result in a deficit of 3,50,000 workers by 2028. To further boost its workforce, Taiwan is also preparing to introduce a Digital Nomad Visa for remote workers.

2. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently approved a new test called the Alinity m MPXV assay to help increase global access to testing for Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox). This decision, made on 3rd October 2024, is in response to the growing need for quick and accurate testing as cases of Mpox rise, especially in areas facing outbreaks.

3. Southern Africa is experiencing its worst drought in over a century, causing serious food shortages. Countries like Zimbabwe and Namibia have started wildlife-culling programs to address the growing food insecurity caused by this environmental crisis.

4. Tensions between China and Taiwan are growing, with China using a military strategy called the "Anaconda Strategy." This strategy is designed to wear down Taiwan and limit its actions, while China increases its military presence around the island.

5. Recently, Saudi Arabia tried to win a seat on the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) but was unsuccessful, finishing in sixth place. This outcome sheds light on how the world views Saudi Arabia's human rights record and shows the challenges of balancing global human rights advocacy.

6. India has expressed concern about the worsening security situation in West Asia, especially after an incident where two United Nations peacekeepers were injured. These peacekeepers, part of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), were hurt when an Israeli tank fired at their observation tower. This marks a significant rise in tensions, as it occurred alongside Israel's warning to UNIFIL to move their positions.

7. The United States has decided to send the Terminal High-Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) missile system to Israel. This is part of the U.S.'s promise to help strengthen Israel's defence, especially with the rising tensions with Iran, which have included recent missile attacks on Israel.

8. The FBI has taken a step into the world of cryptocurrency by creating an Ethereum-based token called NexFundAI. This token is part of a sting operation designed to expose illegal activities in the cryptocurrency markets. Through this operation, the FBI has been able to take legal action against several individuals and companies involved in market manipulation.

9. On 14th October 2024, China held large military exercises around Taiwan and nearby islands. These drills were a warning to Taiwan because its president, Lai Ching-te, refused to say that Taiwan is part of China. The exercises were meant to show China's strength and its displeasure with Taiwan's independence stance.

10. Dragon drones are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that drop thermite, a substance that burns at extremely high temperatures. Thermite is made from aluminum and iron oxide, and when it ignites, it produces intense heat, over 2,400 degrees Celsius. This heat is so powerful that it can melt through various materials, including metals and military vehicles. Originally, thermite was created for industrial purposes like welding, but its destructive capabilities make it a dangerous tool in warfare.

11. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni is caught up in a major scandal involving illegal access to private bank accounts. A bank clerk at Banca Intesa Sanpaolo is accused of unlawfully viewing the personal financial information of thousands of people, including well-known politicians, celebrities, and business leaders.

12. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the United States is introducing a new rule called the "click-to-cancel" rule, aimed at making it easier for people to cancel subscriptions and memberships. This rule was approved on 16th October 2024, with a 3-2 vote. It's meant to solve common problems people face when trying to stop services they no longer want.

13. On 17th October 2024, member countries of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) adopted the Rome Declaration on Water Scarcity in Agriculture. This initiative aims to tackle water scarcity, worsened by climate change, particularly in agriculture. The declaration was a key outcome of the High-Level Rome Water Dialogue, held during the FAO's World Food Forum from 14th-18th October.

14. On 21st October 2024, Pakistan's federal cabinet approved the draft of the 26th Constitutional Amendment. This decision followed multiple delays due to political disputes. The amendment aims to reform the judicial system and alter the balance of power between the political executive and the judiciary. The approval sets the stage for discussions and voting in the Senate and National Assembly.

15. Google announced a groundbreaking agreement to purchase nuclear energy from small modular reactors (SMRs) developed by Kairos Power. The initial SMR is expected to be operational by 2030, contributing 500 MW of carbon-free power to the U.S. electricity grid. Google aims to leverage this energy to support AI technologies and major scientific advances.

16. Egypt was officially certified as malaria-free by the World Health Organization (WHO). This achievement is described as "truly historic." It marks the end of a long battle against malaria in a country where the disease has existed since ancient times. WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus brought to light the significance of this milestone for Egypt's future.

17. On 21st October 2024, NASA's Artemis programme is making headlines as it prepares to return humans to the Moon by 2026. This comes nearly two years after the successful uncrewed Artemis 1 mission. NASA's pledge, "We go together," emphasises the collaborative spirit of this new era in space exploration.

18. The term 'shadow fleet' has emerged in discussions about the Russia-Ukraine conflict. It refers to tanker ships transporting Russian crude oil to various countries, often in contravention of sanctions. Western media has implicated India as a hub for this shadow fleet, suggesting it is facilitating the laundering of Russian oil.

19. India and China signed a border deal after four years of negotiations. This agreement focuses on disengagement along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh. The deal aims to enhance patrolling rights in the Depsang Plains and Demchok areas.

20. In August 2024, the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) detained shipments of solar panels from India valued at nearly $43 million. This action aligns with the Uyghur Forced Labour Prevention Act (UFLPA) enacted by the Biden Administration. The UFLPA aims to ban imports linked to forced labour, particularly from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in China.

21. NASA's SpaceX Crew-8 mission is currently delayed in returning to Earth. Severe weather in Florida's splashdown zones has forced this delay. Consecutive hurricanes, Helene and Milton, have caused disruption and danger.

22. China's National Health Commission (NHC) released its first guidelines to standardise obesity diagnosis and treatment. Over half of Chinese adults are currently overweight or obese. This trend is expected to worsen, with projections indicating that 65.3% of the population could be affected by 2030.

23. The Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (Zimparks) reported a suspected case of lion poaching in Hwange National Park. Three lion carcasses were found, with their heads and feet removed. This incident marks ongoing wildlife crime in the region.

24. Israel dropped a SPICE 2000 bomb on a building in Beirut, Lebanon. This incident has drawn attention due to the bomb's destructive capability and the context of the ongoing conflict in the region. The Israeli military claimed the building housed Hezbollah facilities. Before the strike, Israel warned residents to evacuate the area.

25. The UN General Assembly addressed the urgent issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). They labeled it an important global health threat. The assembly called for immediate action, emphasizing the One Health approach. This approach considers the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.

26. Saudi Arabia has commenced construction on the Mukaab, aiming to become the largest building globally. This monumental project is located in Riyadh and represents a $50 billion investment. It is part of a broader vision to modernize the city and enhance its skyline.

27. The United States, Japan, and South Korea announced a new framework aimed at enhancing collaboration with the Indian private sector. This initiative focuses on supporting India's digital infrastructure. The announcement was made by key financial institutions, including the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), and Korea Eximbank.

28. The clouded leopard, a medium-sized wild cat, has been extirpated from Taiwan. Recent research indicates that the island is still highly suitable for reintroducing this species. Approximately 38% of Taiwan's territory could serve as a potential habitat for the clouded leopard. Notably, 46% of this suitable habitat is currently under protection.

29. The Protected Planet Report 2024 was released during COP16. This report tracks progress since the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) was adopted at COP15 in 2022. A key goal of this framework is the 30×30 target, which aims to protect 30% of land and marine areas by 2030.

30. Brazil has recently opted out of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This decision marks an important shift in Brazil's approach to international investment and collaboration. Brazil joins India as the second BRICS nation to reject the BRI. President Lula da Silva's administration is seeking alternative partnerships with Chinese investors.

Defence

1. KAZIND-2024 is the 8th edition of the joint military exercise between India and Kazakhstan, which started on 30th September 2024 in Auli, Uttarakhand, India. The exercise will continue until 13th October 2024. The goal of this annual event is to strengthen the military partnership between the two nations.

2. EURONAVAL 2024 is shaping up to be an important event in the world of naval defense, with close to 500 exhibitors expected to participate. The event will be held from 4th to 7th November 2024, at the Paris-Nord Villepinte Exhibition Centre.

3. Taiwan has received its first shipment of 100 land-based Harpoon anti-ship missile systems from the United States, which arrived at Kaohsiung Port on 27th September. This is an important step in strengthening Taiwan's military, especially during times of regional tension.

4. India's Defence Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, launched two key initiatives-ADITI 2.0 and DISC 12-at DefConnect 4.0 in Delhi. These initiatives aim to strengthen India's defence technology ecosystem by encouraging innovation and providing financial support for new ideas.

5. The Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIAL) reached an important step in its development when an Indian Air Force C-295 aircraft successfully landed on its runway. This event shows that the construction of the airport is on track. The airport is expected to start operations by early 2025.

6. The Second Army Commander's Conference of 2024 began on 10th October in Gangtok, Sikkim. This important meeting brings together senior leaders of the Indian Army to discuss the country's security situation, address key challenges, and plan strategies for the future.

7. The Indian Naval Ship (INS) Tir and Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) Veera arrived in Manama, Bahrain, as part of a Long Range Training Deployment in the Persian Gulf. This visit highlights India's dedication to improving maritime security and cooperation in the region.

8. India's first Multi-Purpose Vessel (MPV) project ship, built by L&T Shipyard for the Indian Navy, has been launched at L&T Kattupalli. This is a significant achievement for Indian shipbuilding, with Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, the Chief of Naval Staff, leading the ceremony. Mrs. Shashi Tripathi, President of the Naval Wives Welfare Association, launched the vessel, named 'Samarthak', which means 'Supporter' in Hindi.

9. India launched its fourth nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), designated S4, at the Ship Building Centre in Visakhapatnam. This submarine is more advanced than its predecessor, INS Arihant (S2). The launch marks an important step in India's naval capabilities.

10. The Indian Navy conducted an important bilateral naval exercise named Naseem-Al-Bahr with the Royal Navy of Oman. The exercise took place off the coast of Goa from 13th to 18th October. INS Trikand and a Dornier Maritime Patrol Aircraft represented India in this collaboration.

11. The Indian Army concluded the Swavlamban Shakti exercise. This integrated training event took place at Babina Field Firing Ranges. The exercise lasted six days, starting on 17th October. It involved over 1,800 personnel and a variety of military assets, including armoured vehicles and aviation support.

12. The Indian Army's Sudarshan Chakra Corps is conducting a major exercise called "Exercise SWAVLAMBAN SHAKTI" at the Babina Field Firing Ranges near Jhansi. This exercise, which runs until 22nd October, aims to improve the Army's combat abilities by using new and advanced technologies.

13. The 31st edition of the Singapore-India Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX) is taking place from 23rd to 29th October 2024 in Visakhapatnam. The Republic of Singapore Navy Ship RSS Tenacious arrived on 23rd October to participate in this event.

14. The Chanakya Defence Dialogue is an important international seminar hosted by the Indian Army. The second edition will take place on 24th and 25th October 2024, at the Manekshaw Centre in New Delhi. This year's theme is "Drivers in Nation Building: Fuelling Growth Through Comprehensive Security." The dialogue aims to integrate security into national and international policymaking, encouraging sustainable growth.

15. Union Home Minister Amit Shah is inaugurating the 14th All India Civil Defence and Home Guards conference at Mahatma Mandir in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. This event marks the first conference of its kind in 19 years. Amit Shah is also attending the 60th foundation day of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in Anand, where he will launch three new projects.

16. The Indian Navy launched 'Abhay', its seventh Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC). The launch took place at L&T in Kattupalli, with Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar presiding over the ceremony. Mrs Sandhya Pendharkar, President of the Navy Wives Welfare Association (NWWA), Eastern Region, performed the launch.

17. Saudi Arabia recently conducted military exercises with Iran in the Sea of Oman. Historically, Saudi Arabia and Iran have been rivals, often supporting opposing factions in regional conflicts. Their diplomatic ties were severed in 2016. However, a surprising agreement brokered by China last year led to a resumption of relations.

18. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated a new plant in Vadodara. This facility will manufacture the C-295 aircraft for the Indian Air Force (IAF). Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez attended the event, marking an important milestone in India's military aviation capabilities. The plant is the first private sector final assembly line for military aircraft in India.

19. Armenia has emerged as India's leading destination for defence exports. In the fiscal year 2023-24 achieved a record in defence exports, totalling Rs. 21,083 crore (approximately $2.63 billion). This marks a 32.5% increase from the previous year. Rising security concerns in Eurasia have prompted Armenia to shift away from its historical reliance on Russian arms, seeking diversification and self-reliance in its defence strategy.

20. The Indian Navy's Naval Innovation and Indigenisation Seminar, Swavlamban - 2024, began on 29th October 2024, in New Delhi. This is the third edition of the seminar. Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Dinesh K. Tripathi, inaugurated the event at Bharat Mandapam. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh is scheduled to attend on the second day.

Business, Economy & Banking

1. The World Bank has created a special Financial Intermediary Fund (FIF) to help Ukraine as it continues to face challenges from the ongoing war with Russia. Countries like the United States, Canada, and Japan are expected to contribute money to this fund to assist with both military and humanitarian needs.

2. During an event in Berlin, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced it has received $700 million in new funding pledges for its 2025-2028 budget. This is in addition to the $300 million already promised by both the European Union and the African Union.

3. The Employee's Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) reported an important growth in its subscriber base. In August 2024 alone, there was a net addition of 18.53 lakh members. This reflects a 9.07% increase compared to August 2023. The Union Labour Ministry attributes this growth to improved employment opportunities and increased awareness of employee benefits.

4. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has expanded its 'Alert List' of unauthorized forex trading platforms by adding 13 new entities, bringing the total to 88. This list includes names of entities not authorized to deal in forex under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) or to operate electronic trading platforms (ETPs) for forex transactions.

5. Bank of Baroda (BoB) has introduced a new 400-day term deposit scheme known as the 'bob Utsav Deposit Scheme', aimed at offering higher interest rates to various categories of depositors during the festive season. This scheme not only provides competitive interest rates for general depositors but also caters specifically to senior and super senior citizens, making it a beneficial investment option for a wide range of customers.

6. State Bank of India (SBI) has been awarded the title of Best Bank in India for 2024 by Global Finance Magazine during its 31st Annual Best Bank Awards, held in Washington, coinciding with the Annual Meetings of the IMF and the World Bank. SBI Chairman C. S. Setty accepted the award, highlighting the bank's dedication to exceptional services and its role in promoting financial inclusion across the nation.

7. Paytm has received approval from the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to onboard new UPI users, ending a nine-month embargo imposed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This decision is expected to increase Paytm's UPI transaction volumes and boost its market position.

8. The Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB) has recommended Ashok Chandra as the next Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Punjab National Bank (PNB). Currently serving as Executive Director at Canara Bank since November 2022, Chandra's banking career began in September 1991 with Corporation Bank. He will succeed Atul Kumar Goel, whose tenure ends on 31st December 2024.

9. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has barred four non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), including Sachin Bansal's Navi Finserv, from sanctioning and disbursing loans starting 21st October 2024. The ban affects Navi Finserv, Asirvad Microfinance, Arohan Financial Services, and DMI Finance, which were found guilty of charging exorbitant interest rates and failing to comply with regulatory pricing policies.

10. The State Bank of India (SBI) and India Exim Bank are actively supporting businesses in African countries by addressing the trade finance gap, as highlighted by the South African heads of the two organizations during the India Entrepreneurs Forum (IEF). This initiative was highlighted during the India Entrepreneurs Forum (IEF), initiated by Consul General of India, Mahesh Kumar.

Science & Technology

1. Archaeologists have recently found the oldest known kohl stick, a type of ancient eyeliner, at an archaeological site called Yeşilova Hoyuk in Turkey. This discovery shows that people have been using makeup for more than 8,000 years.

2. BharatGen is a major new project in generative AI which is a type of artificial intelligence that can create text, images, or even sound. The goal of BharatGen is to improve public services and increase citizen participation in India using AI. This project was officially launched in New Delhi by Dr. Jitendra Singh, the Union Minister of State.

3. Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras, have developed new techniques to treat eye problems like retinal tears and diabetic retinopathy. These eye conditions affect about 11 million people in India. The research uses mild laser-induced convection, a method that makes delivering treatment to the retina faster and more effective.

4. A survey of reptiles and amphibians, known as herpetofauna, was conducted in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR), specifically in the Masinagudi Division, from 7th to 9th September 2024. This survey discovered a large variety of species, with a total of 33 reptiles and 36 amphibians identified. Four of these species might even be completely new to science.

5. Scientists have discovered a vast water reservoir approximately 700 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface, potentially three times larger than all the planet's surface oceans combined. This groundbreaking finding challenges previous beliefs about the origins of Earth's water and reveals new complexities in the planet's geological processes.

6. Entomologists from the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE) have found a new species of potter wasp in Arunachal Pradesh, in the Eastern Himalayas. The wasp is named Pseumenes siangensis, after the Siang Valley where it was discovered. This discovery shows how rich the region's biodiversity is and emphasizes the need for more research on insects in the area.

7. Researchers are working on an innovative idea to address the impacts of climate change on the Arctic by developing a method to "refreeze" the Arctic Sea. Early trials show promise, suggesting that this method could help make the sea ice thicker by pumping seawater into already frozen areas.

8. Chilean scientists have made a discovery, a reversible neutering vaccine for dogs that only requires a simple injection. This vaccine could eliminate the need for surgery, which is the traditional way of neutering. A small terrier in Santiago was one of the first dogs to try this new method.

9. On 6th October 2024, the upper stage of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle C-37 (PSLV-C37) successfully re-entered the Earth's atmosphere. This mission, which launched on 15th February 2017, was a major achievement for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), as it set a world record by launching 104 satellites in a single mission.

10. Sascha Duttke's research is focused on understanding how different cells use the same genetic material in unique ways. This study could help discover new biological principles, especially related to how genes are turned on or off and the role of certain regulatory mechanisms.

11. Rwanda is currently facing its first Marburg virus outbreak, with 46 confirmed infections and 12 deaths. Most of the affected people are healthcare workers (80% of the cases), which is especially concerning because the country has only around 1,500 doctors to care for a population of over 13 million. This could put a lot of pressure on Rwanda's healthcare system.

12. IIT Indore has introduced a new device for the early detection of breast cancer, specifically designed to help women in rural and remote areas. This device, created by Prof. Srivathsan Vasudevan, is an important step in making cancer screening more affordable and accessible.

13. On 10th October NASA will launch the Europa Clipper mission, which aims to explore Europa, one of Jupiter's moons, for signs of extraterrestrial life. This mission is a major milestone in space exploration, involving NASA's largest spacecraft ever built.

14. Scientists at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata have made a promising discovery in cancer treatment. They found that by targeting an enzyme involved in DNA repair, called TDP1, they might help improve outcomes for patients whose cancer has become resistant to current therapies.

15. Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently inaugurated the Indian Institute of Skills (IIS) in Mumbai. This institute is designed to train people for the future, focusing on skills that will be important for Industry 4.0-the new era of smart factories and advanced technologies.

16. Scientists have made an exciting breakthrough in photocatalysis, developing a new catalyst that can efficiently break down sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a common antibiotic. This discovery is important because it addresses growing concerns about how antibiotics in the environment can harm both ecosystems and human health.

17. PROBA-3, led by the European Space Agency (ESA), is set to launch in November 2024. It's a groundbreaking mission involving multiple European countries and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The mission has passed its final tests and will be sent to India, where ISRO's PSLV-XL rocket will launch it.

18. Recent studies suggest a "gut-first hypothesis" for Parkinson's Disease (PD), which means that problems in the gastrointestinal (GI) system might play a key role in causing and worsening the disease. One important study, published in JAMA Network Open, found that people who had damage to their upper GI tract were 76% more likely to develop Parkinson's.

19. The European Space Agency (ESA) has introduced a new programme called the Moonlight Lunar Communications and Navigation Services (LCNS). It was announced at the International Astronautical Congress and is focused on building important infrastructure for future missions to the Moon over the next 20 years.

20. Researchers at the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Science (CeNS) have created a special road safety sensor to improve safety at dangerous road curves where accidents often happen. This new sensor is made from a unique material that can both sense pressure and generate energy.

21. Diabetes affects over 500 million people globally. It leads to nearly 7 million deaths annually. The disease is marked by high blood sugar levels. Recently, scientists announced a breakthrough in diabetes treatment. They developed a smart insulin that reacts in real time to blood sugar changes. This research was published in the journal Nature.

22. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has recently acquired two 400kg satellites for an important mission called SPADEX, or Space Docking Experiment. This mission aims to demonstrate the ability of two satellites to dock in space, marking a key step for future space missions.

23. A new study published in Nature reveals that depression alters brain communication patterns, even when symptoms are absent. Using fMRI technology, researchers identified changes in a key brain network related to motivation and attention. This remapping can predict future depression risk in individuals.

24. In October 2024, butterfly enthusiasts in the Nilgiris made an important discovery. They recorded the Nilgiri tit (Hypolycaena nilgirica) using a terrestrial orchid as a host for the first time in India. This finding is crucial for the conservation of this rare butterfly, which is listed under Schedule II of the Wildlife Protection Act. The study was conducted near Kallar horticultural garden and published in The Tropical Lepidoptera.

25. A new orchid species, Coelogyne tripurensis, has been discovered in Jampui Hills, Tripura. This area is about 200 km from Agartala and is the highest hill range in the state, located at an altitude of 3000 feet. The research was conducted by Arjun Adit and Pankaj Kumar and published in the journal Phytotaxa.

26. Pink cocaine has recently gained notoriety as a party drug. Reports indicate that Liam Payne, a former member of One Direction, had pink cocaine in his system at the time of his death. This incident has sparked discussions about the dangers of this drug cocktail.

27. A new snake species has been identified in the Western Himalayas. Scientists named it Anguiculus dicaprioi. The species honors actor and environmentalist Leonardo DiCaprio for his wildlife conservation efforts. Anguiculus dicaprioi belongs to the Colubridae family.

28. The United States is currently facing an E. coli outbreak linked to contaminated food. This situation marks the risks associated with E. coli, a common bacterium found in various environments. While most strains are harmless and aid digestion, some can cause severe illness.

29. An important achievement occurred in conservation efforts in India. A baby great Indian bustard was born through artificial insemination (AI) at the Sudasari Great Indian Bustard Breeding Centre in Rajasthan. This marks India as the first country to successfully breed this critically endangered species using AI.

30. The giant salmon carp, thought to be extinct, has been spotted in the Mekong River. This species has been seen three times since 2020, raising hopes for its survival. The last confirmed sighting was in 2005. Researchers are excited about these discoveries, which signal potential resilience in the face of environmental challenges.

31. A new study has revealed that semaglutide, found in diabetes and weight loss medications like Ozempic and Wegovy, may lower the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Published in the journal Alzheimer's & Dementia, the study shows a risk reduction of 40% to 70% for developing AD compared to other diabetes treatments.

32. Sarvam AI, a rising player in India's generative AI sector, has introduced a new language model named Sarvam-1. This model is specifically designed for Indian languages and is open-source. It supports ten Indian languages, including Bengali, Hindi, and Tamil, as well as English. Launched in October 2024, Sarvam-1 follows the company's earlier model, Sarvam 2B, which debuted in August 2024.

33. Nemaline myopathy is a rare muscle disorder. It primarily impacts skeletal muscles, which are essential for movement. The condition leads to muscle weakness throughout the body. Awareness is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention. Many families may not recognize the signs of nemaline myopathy. Increased knowledge can lead to better support and resources for affected children.

34. Scientists at the Agharkar Research Institute in Pune announced a breakthrough in Alzheimer's disease treatment. They created new non-toxic molecules that could potentially change how we approach neurodegenerative diseases. This development comes at a critical time, as Alzheimer's affects millions globally.

Government Schemes

1. The Food Corporation of India (FCI) is making big changes with a digital transformation plan as part of its 100 Days Achievements program. This plan is focused on improving the way FCI manages the supply chain with a new system called ANNA DARPAN.

2. Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan (DAJGUA) in Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, on the same day as Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary. This initiative focuses on improving the living conditions of tribal communities across India.

3. As the COP16 biodiversity conference approaches, set to take place from 21st October to 1st November 2024, there are growing concerns because only 10% of countries have met their promises to protect biodiversity. This conference is important because it's the first major meeting since the world agreed on the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) in 2022.

4. The Samarth Scheme, an important project by the Ministry of Textiles, has been extended for another two years, covering the financial years 2024-25 and 2025-26. The government has set aside Rs. 495 crore for this extension. The goal is to train 300,000 people in different textile-related skills.

5. The Government of India launched the 'eShram-One Stop Solution'. This initiative aims to improve access to government schemes for unorganized workers. Union Labour Minister Mansukh Mandaviya will oversee the launch. This initiative follows a recent Budget announcement aimed at enhancing the eShram platform.

6. The PM Young Achievers Scholarship Award Scheme for Vibrant India (PM-YASASVI) was launched by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. This scheme aims to uplift students from Other Backward Classes (OBC), Economically Backward Classes (EBC), and Denotified Tribes (DNT). It provides access to quality education, addresses financial barriers, and supports academic growth.

7. Approximately 30% of rural land parcels in India have received a Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN). This initiative aims to assign a 14-digit alpha-numeric identity to each land parcel. The data is sourced from the Ministry of Rural Development's portal.

8. Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched health initiatives worth nearly Rs. 12,850 crore. This event coincided with the ninth Ayurveda Day and the festival of Dhanteras. Ayurveda Day is observed annually on Dhanvantri Jayanti, marking the birth anniversary of Lord Dhanvantri, the divine physician.

Awards & Honours

1. In 2024, the MIDORI Prize was awarded to Vera Voronova from Kazakhstan and Ysabel Agustina Calderón Carlos from Peru. The announcement was made on 2nd October 2024, in Montreal, Canada. Both women were recognized for their exceptional efforts in promoting conservation and sustainability in their regions.

2. Air Chief Marshal A. P. Singh has officially become the Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) of the Indian Air Force (IAF). This important event took place at the Air Headquarters (Vayu Bhawan). With his new role, he will guide the IAF into a new phase, bringing leadership and direction to the force.

3. Veteran actor Mithun Chakraborty has been honored with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, which is the highest recognition in Indian cinema. The announcement was made by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, and the award will be officially presented on 8th October 2024, at the 70th National Film Awards ceremony. This comes soon after Chakraborty received another major honor, the Padma Bhushan, one of India's highest civilian awards.

4. The Nobel Prize in Medicine for 2024 was awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for discovering microRNA and its vital role in controlling how genes work after they are copied. This discovery changed how we understand gene regulation, showing how certain genes are turned on or off to support different cell functions, like in muscle or nerve cells.

5. Lt. Gen. Muhammad Asim Malik has been appointed as the new Director General of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), taking over from Lt. Gen. Nadeem Anjum. This change comes at a time when Pakistan is facing growing security risks and political unrest, particularly due to tensions from supporters of jailed former Prime Minister Imran Khan.

6. On 6th October 2024, Professor Shubha Tole was elected president-elect of the International Brain Research Organisation (IBRO), a global group representing neuroscience societies. The election took place during IBRO's annual meeting in Chicago. This is an important moment as Tole will be the first president-elect from a developing country.

7. Ajit Vinayak Gupte has been named as India's next Ambassador to Germany, as announced by the Ministry of External Affairs. He is currently serving as the Ambassador to Egypt and will soon move to his new post in Germany.

8. In March 2015, the Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi, introduced the 'Anubhav' platform through the Department of Pension & Pensioners' Welfare. This is an online platform where retiring and retired government employees can share their work experiences with the government.

9. Sanjeev Kumar Singla has been appointed as India's new Ambassador to France, taking over from his previous role as Ambassador to Israel. This change comes during a sensitive time due to the ongoing Israel-Palestine crisis. His new position reflects India's careful diplomatic strategies in the Middle East during this critical period.

10. In 2024, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton for their groundbreaking discoveries in machine learning, particularly their work on artificial neural networks. Their contributions have played a key role in developing modern artificial intelligence (AI) technologies.

11. Ratan Tata, a well-known Indian business icon and leader of the Tata Group, passed away at the age of 86 in Mumbai. The Tata family's conglomerate is one of India's most successful and respected business empires, known for both its domestic and global impact.

12. Three scientists have been awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their groundbreaking work on proteins. Demis Hassabis and John M. Jumper from Google DeepMind are recognized for using artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins. David Baker from the University of Washington is honored for designing completely new proteins that do not naturally exist.

13. The 2024 Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to Han Kang, a South Korean author, for her powerful writing that reflects on historical traumas and highlights the fragile nature of human existence. The announcement was made on 10th October 2024, and the prize includes a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor (about $1.1 million).

14. Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Nihon Hidankyo, a Japanese organization made up of survivors of the atomic bombings, known as the Hibakusha. This prize highlights the critical role these survivors have played in raising awareness about the devastating impact of nuclear weapons and their ongoing work to create a world free from nuclear arms.

15. The Indian Coast Guard has appointed S. Paramesh as its new Director General after the unfortunate passing of Rakesh Pal. This appointment is important as the organization aims to maintain strong leadership in maritime security.

16. India's Minister of Health, J. P. Nadda, has been elected as the Chairperson for the 77th Session (RC77) of the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region. This meeting is an annual event where health ministers and other important officials come together to talk about major health issues that affect over two billion people in this region.

17. Nayab Singh Saini has been sworn in as the Chief Minister of Haryana for the second time. This confirms that the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) will continue to lead the state for a third straight term. The ceremony took place at Panchkula's Parade Ground and was attended by important political leaders, including Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

18. Abhyuday Jindal has been named the new President of the Indian Chamber of Commerce (ICC), taking over from Ameya Prabhu. This change in leadership is important for the ICC, as it reflects the ongoing transformation of business leadership in India.

19. On 20th October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched development initiatives in Varanasi, amounting to over Rs. 6,100 crore. This visit included the inauguration of key projects such as airport upgrades and the RJ Sankara Eye Hospital. The initiatives aim to enhance infrastructure and promote cultural preservation in the region.

20. On 22nd October 2024, the President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu, will present the 5th National Water Awards 2023. This event will take place at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi. The awards recognize contributions to water management and conservation across India.

21. Vietnam elected Luong Cuong as its new president. This marks the fourth president in 18 months. Cuong, a 67-year-old military general, replaces To Lam, who was appointed as the general secretary of the Communist Party in August. The general secretary is the most powerful position in Vietnam, while the presidency is largely ceremonial.

22. Union Home Minister Amit Shah announced an important initiative. The Government of India will commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. This celebration will span two years, from 2024 to 2026. It aims to honour Patel's crucial contributions to India.

23. Justice Sanjiv Khanna was appointed as the 51st Chief Justice of India (CJI). He is set to take the oath of office on 11th November 2024. This appointment follows the retirement of the current Chief Justice, D. Y. Chandrachud, who will step down on 10th November 2024, upon reaching the age of 65.

24. Urmila Chaudhary from Nepal received the Global Anti-Racism Championship Award. This prestigious award was presented by Antony J. Blinken, the Secretary of State. It recognizes six leaders for their bravery and commitment to racial equity and human rights.

25. The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) appointed Deepak Agarwal as the regular Managing Director (MD) of the National Agriculture Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd (NAFED). This decision came shortly after assigning the role temporarily to an official from the Ministry of Cooperation.

26. Bibhab Kumar Talukdar received 'The Harry Messel Award' for his conservation leadership. This honor was bestowed by the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The award ceremony took place during the 5th IUCN SSC leader's meeting in Abu Dhabi.

Sports

1. India has been chosen to host the first-ever Kho Kho World Cup in 2025, which will bring together 24 countries from six continents. Both the Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) and the International Kho Kho Federation have confirmed this exciting event.

2. New Zealand's women's cricket team achieved a historic milestone. They secured their first T20 World Cup title under the leadership of Sophie Devine. The final was held in Dubai, where they faced South Africa. This victory was unexpected, especially considering New Zealand's prior struggles in the format.

3. Indian Grandmaster Arjun Erigaisi showcased brilliant form to secure the WR Chess Masters title after defeating France's Maxime Vachier-Lagrave in an Armageddon game, following two draws in Classical chess. With this win, Arjun edges closer to the 2800 Elo rating mark, finishing with a live rating of 2796.

4. Indian women's hockey legend Rani Rampal officially announced her retirement from international hockey on 24th October. Known as the "Queen of Indian Hockey," Rani played 254 international matches and scored 120 goals, leading India to numerous milestones, including the famous fourth-place finish at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.

5. India is emerging as an important player in the Esports arena. On 26th October 2024, the Skillhub Online Games Federation (SOGF) and the International Esports Federation (IESF) announced a partnership to host the first international Esports championship in India. This event, named the International Esports Masters, is scheduled for March 2025 and aims to attract participants from 150 countries.

6. Kagiso Rabada has etched his name in cricket history by becoming the fastest bowler to reach 300 Test wickets based on balls bowled, achieving the milestone in just 11,817 deliveries. The South African pace sensation is now among the greats, surpassing legends like Waqar Younis (12,602 balls) and Dale Steyn (12,605 balls).

7. Zimbabwe's cricket team etched their name in history by posting a record-breaking total of 344/4 in a T20 International, led by Sikandar Raza's unbeaten 133 off just 43 balls. His explosive innings, featuring 15 sixes, helped Zimbabwe achieve this landmark in the ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Sub-Regional Qualifier B match against Gambia.

8. In a historic recognition, former Indian cricketer Neetu David, along with England's Alastair Cook and South Africa's A. B. de Villiers, has been inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame for 2024. Marking a significant moment for women's cricket in India as David becomes the second woman from the country to receive this honor, following Diana Edulji's induction in 2023.

9. Bala Devi has made history as the first Indian woman to score 50 international goals. A forward for Manipur Police and the Indian national team, Devi's achievement came during the 2024 SAFF Women's Championship.

10. Chirag Chikkara made history by becoming only the third Indian wrestler to win the Under-23 World Championship, contributing to India's impressive total of nine medals at the tournament. Competing in the men's freestyle 57 kg category, Chikkara secured a thrilling victory with a narrow 4-3 win over Abdymalik Karachov of Kyrgyzstan in the final seconds of the match.

11. India achieved a commendable runner-up position in the overall team standings at the Asian Arm Wrestling Cup 2024, which took place at the Aurika Skycity Hotel in Mumbai. The Indian team finished second in the medal tally, only behind Kazakhstan, the top-ranking nation in the world of arm wrestling.

References:
jagranjosh.com
gktoday.in
business-standard.com

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