National
1. President Droupadi Murmu has approved the creation of the 23rd Law Commission of India. This new commission will be active from 1st September 2024 to 31st August 2027. The decision comes as the 22nd Law Commission's term ends, and there were delays in pending reports due to the lack of a chairperson.
2. NHPC, SJVN, and RailTel, three major public sector companies in India, have been given the prestigious "Navratna" status by the Government of India. This makes them the 18th, 19th and 20th companies to earn this special title. This status is a significant achievement for these companies, giving them more freedom and power to make decisions and expand their operations.
3. A team of researchers recently found Arnoux's beaked whales off the coast of Antarctica. This is a big deal because these whales hadn't been seen for decades. The sighting happened during a 2022 survey in the Weddell Sea, where scientists were studying top predators in the area.
4. The Punjab State Assembly passed a new law called the Punjab Apartment and Property Regulation (Amendment) Act, 2024, on 3rd September 2024. This law was created to address the growing problem of illegal colonies in Punjab. Illegal colonies are areas where buildings or homes are constructed without proper permission from the government. The new law aims to better regulate these areas and prevent more illegal colonies from being built.
5. The Indian government has recently given the green light to the Digital Agriculture Mission, dedicating Rs. 2,817 crore to improve farming practices and boost the livelihoods of farmers. This decision was made during a cabinet meeting, showing the government's strong commitment to modernizing agriculture using digital technology.
6. The Indian government and the State of Tripura will sign an important agreement with two groups known for their past involvement in insurgency: the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) and the All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF). The signing event will occur in New Delhi, with key figures like Home Minister Amit Shah and Tripura Chief Minister Manik Saha attending.
7. The Union Cabinet has approved a major railway project to build a new 309-kilometer rail line connecting Mumbai and Indore. The project is estimated to cost Rs. 18,036 crore and is expected to be completed by the financial year 2028-29.
8. The West Bengal Assembly recently passed the Aparajita Woman and Child Bill (West Bengal Criminal Laws and Amendment) Bill 2024. This new law is designed to provide stronger protections for women and children, particularly in response to the rising concerns about sexual crimes. Notably, the bill received unanimous support, including from the Opposition, showing how important and urgent these measures are.
9. The Government of Rajasthan, led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), made a significant decision on 4th September 2024, to reserve 33% of jobs in the police force for women. This decision was part of the BJP's promise made during the 2023 election campaign to increase the number of women in important state jobs.
10. Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan have been recognized as the fastest-growing large states in India by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). These states have achieved impressive economic growth, surpassing the national average GDP growth rate of 8.2%. This means their economies are expanding at a faster pace than the country's overall economic growth.
11. The Assam Cabinet has approved the implementation of 57 out of 67 recommendations made by the Justice (Retd) Biplab Sarma Commission. This commission was formed by the Ministry of Home Affairs to implement Clause 6 of the Assam Accord. The Cabinet's approval is a big step toward protecting the rights and identity of the Assamese people.
12. Zero Hour is set to be introduced in the Himachal Assembly as announced by Speaker Kuldeep Singh Pathania. The introduction follows a discussion on the necessity of framing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) before its implementation.
13. The BioE3 policy is a new government plan aimed at using biotechnology to create sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial practices. It focuses on reducing waste and developing innovative ways to make products that are better for the planet.
14. The Indian Government launched a new blockchain initiative called the Vishvasya-Blockchain Technology Stack. This project, led by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), provides a platform for using Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS). Essentially, it allows people to use blockchain technology easily through a large, distributed system across the country. The goal is to support secure, efficient, and permissioned blockchain applications.
15. A tribal group in Nagaland called the Konyak Union has raised concerns with the Chief Minister of Nagaland, Neiphiu Rio, about mistakes in how the boundary between Mon district (in Nagaland) and Charaideo district (in Assam) is shown on Google Maps. They claim that the map incorrectly shows that some areas that should belong to Mon district are instead marked as part of Assam.
16. The 2024 State of Global Air Report brings alarming news about air pollution and its impact on children's health in India. Every day, 464 children under the age of five die because of air pollution, making it the second largest cause of death for young children worldwide.
17. India has become the largest plastic polluter in the world, producing 9.3 million tonnes of plastic waste every year. This amount makes up about 20% of the total global plastic emissions, showing how serious the problem is for both India and the world.
18. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation (ANIIDCO) is managing a massive Rs. 72,000 crore infrastructure project on Great Nicobar Island. This includes building a large trans-shipment port, an airport, tourist facilities, and solar and gas power plants.
19. The Tamil Nadu Government introduced Cyber Security Policy 2.0 to replace the older version from 2020. This updated policy provides clear guidelines for protecting the government's digital systems and ensuring their safety. It focuses on making sure that the government's digital infrastructure, including IT systems and data, is well-protected.
20. Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi recently led the groundbreaking ceremony for India's first silicon carbide manufacturing facility. This major project, developed by RIR Power Electronics Limited, is being set up at EMC Park in Info Valley, Bhubaneswar, with a significant investment of Rs. 620 crore.
21. The Indian government awarded a contract to develop the country's first bio-hydrogen project, led by Gensol Engineering in collaboration with Matrix Gas & Renewables. Valued at Rs. 164 crore, the project aims to align with the National Green Hydrogen Mission and is set to process 25 tonnes of bio-waste daily, producing 1 tonne of green hydrogen using advanced gasification technology over 18 months.
22. The Tamil Nadu government has approved Rs. 500 crore to rejuvenate 5,000 minor irrigation tanks in rural areas. This project is aimed at improving water storage and managing local water resources, especially for agriculture. The project will receive Rs. 250 crore from the State Budget and an additional Rs. 250 crore as a grant from the State Finance Commission.
23. Union Health Secretary Shri Apurva Chandra released a report called the "Health Dynamics of India (Infrastructure and Human Resources) 2022-23." This report, which used to be called "Rural Health Statistics," has been published every year since 1992. It provides important data about India's National Health Mission (NHM), helping leaders make better healthcare decisions.
24. The SBI Foundation has launched the 3rd edition of its Asha Scholarship Program, which aims to help 10,000 deserving students from underprivileged backgrounds across India. This scholarship provides financial support to students who need assistance with their education costs, ensuring they can continue their studies.
25. A new mobile app called "Rangeen Machhli" was launched by Union Minister Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh in Bhubaneswar. This app supports India's growing ornamental fisheries sector, which is part of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), a scheme to help fish farming and aquaculture grow in the country.
26. India has taken a major step in improving its maritime sector by launching the Indian International Maritime Dispute Resolution Centre (IIMDRC) during the 20th Maritime State Development Council (MSDC) meeting in Goa. This centre is expected to play a big role in managing the country's maritime activities.
27. Union Minister Amit Shah announced that the Andaman and Nicobar Islands capital, Port Blair, will be renamed 'Sri Vijaya Puram.' This decision is part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision to remove colonial-era names and celebrate India's freedom struggle and history.
28. The Supreme Court of India has stressed the urgent need to improve access to justice, especially in rural areas. This has led to renewed calls for setting up gram nyayalayas (village courts) across the country. However, despite being introduced more than a decade ago, the Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008, has faced many challenges that have slowed its implementation.
29. India has achieved Tier 1 status in the Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2024, a remarkable accomplishment that shows the country's dedication to building a strong cybersecurity foundation. This recognition by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) reflects India's growing strength in protecting digital information and improving online safety for everyone.
30. The Subhadra Yojana is a new scheme launched by the Odisha government to celebrate Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 74th birthday. It aims to provide financial help to women in the state. Eligible women will receive Rs. 10,000 per year, helping them to meet their basic needs.
31. The Indian government, through the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), is introducing BHASKAR, a new digital platform to boost India's startup community. This project is part of the Startup India programme and aims to bring together resources and help people in the startup ecosystem work more closely, showing India's commitment to becoming a global leader in innovation.
32. India is preparing to create a carbon market through the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), first announced in June 2023. Under this scheme, sectors that manage to reduce their emissions more than required can sell carbon credits to those that cannot meet their targets. Those who fall short of their goals must buy these credits to offset their emissions.
33. The 4th Global Renewable Energy Investors Meet and Expo was held in Gujarat, making it the first time the event took place outside Delhi. Gujarat stood out as the top-performing state, winning the most awards for its contributions to renewable energy.
34. Smt. Droupadi Murmu, the President of India, officially opened the 8th India Water Week in New Delhi, observed from 17th September to 20th September 2024. The event brought together Union Ministers, international representatives, and experts, highlighting the importance of water conservation both in India and around the world.
35. The Andhra Pradesh Cabinet has approved a Rs. 5,000 crore fund to help small businesses, aiming to create 2 million jobs over the next five years. This Rs. 5,000 crore fund is designed to support Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), helping them grow and reducing their need for regular loans from banks.
36. The Union Cabinet has approved the continuation of the PM-AASHA schemes to ensure fair pricing for farmers and manage price volatility of essential commodities. PM-AASHA (Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan) aims to provide remunerative prices to farmers, ensuring they receive a guaranteed Minimum Support Price (MSP) for their produce.
37. The 2024 State of Rhino Report by the International Rhino Foundation shows that all rhino species face different challenges due to environmental, social, and political factors in various regions. The report discusses both the difficulties and successes in protecting rhinos.
38. The Telangana government has launched the MSME 2024 policy to help micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) overcome key challenges. These challenges include access to land, finance, raw materials, skilled labor, market access, and technology. This policy was introduced by Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy and it is the first major initiative for MSMEs since he became Chief Minister in December 2023.
39. Exercise AIKYA is a two-day national event organized by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the Army Southern Command in Chennai. The main goal is to improve how different organizations work together and prepare for disasters.
40. The Union Cabinet recently approved several important steps in India's space exploration plans. These include building the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), launching the Chandrayaan-4 mission to collect moon samples, and preparing for India's first mission to Venus. Prime Minister Narendra Modi called this a significant milestone, aiming for a self-sustained space station by 2035 and a manned moon mission by 2040.
41. The National Achievement Survey (NAS) 2024 will take place on 4th December 2024, and aims to evaluate how well school students in India are learning. This year's survey will assess around five million students from Classes 3, 6, and 9, an increase from the 3.7 million students assessed in the last survey in 2021.
42. Union Minister Amit Shah introduced "White Revolution 2.0" to further strengthen India's dairy sector. This initiative builds upon the success of Operation Flood, which started in 1970 and transformed the dairy industry through cooperative societies. Operation Flood made India one of the largest milk producers in the world.
43. For the second year in a row, Kerala has secured the top spot in the 2024 State Food Safety Index (SFSI). This achievement reinforces Kerala's commitment to maintaining high standards in food safety across India. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) released the rankings during the Global Food Regulators Summit 2024.
44. The Union Cabinet of India, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the development of the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV). This decision is a big step for India's space exploration goals and sets the stage for future projects, like building the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (Indian Space Station) and a crewed mission to the Moon by 2040.
45. Kaziranga National Park in Assam has achieved a remarkable 86% reduction in rhino poaching since 2016. This success was highlighted by Assam's Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma during World Rhino Day, showing that ongoing efforts to protect the one-horned rhinoceros are paying off.
46. India recently signed important agreements under the US-led Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF). These agreements aim to build a cleaner and fairer economy. They were formalized during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the United States and are designed to speed up clean energy projects and improve economic transparency between member countries.
47. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) will provide Rs. 530 crore in financial assistance to the government of Tripura to improve drinking water supply across 12 cities. This project will benefit around 4,00,000 people, helping to solve water issues for over 75,000 families. Tripura's Chief Minister, Manik Saha, launched this initiative under the 'Mukhyamantri Nagar Unnayan Prakalp' scheme.
48. In response to the increasing use of tobacco among young people, India's Union Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare have issued important guidelines to make educational institutions tobacco-free. This initiative, which is tied to the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003, aims to protect children and teenagers from becoming addicted to tobacco.
49. The Indian Cancer Genome Atlas (ICGA) has introduced India's first multi-omics data portal. This new platform allows researchers and doctors to access important data from Indian cancer patients. It represents a major step forward in cancer research, helping to create treatments specifically for Indian people.
50. The Bihar government has approved the culling of Nilgai (also known as blue bulls) and wild boars to reduce the significant crop damage caused by these animals. This decision aims to help farmers who are struggling with repeated losses due to the destruction of their crops.
51. A recent government report has revealed that a large number of atrocities against Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are concentrated in 13 states in India. The report shows that 97.7% of cases against SCs and 98.91% of cases against STs came from these states, highlighting a serious issue of violence and discrimination.
52. India has taken a major step towards combating climate change with the development of its first CO2-to-methanol pilot plant, focusing on Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) technologies. This initiative reflects India's dedication to sustainable practices and reducing carbon emissions.
53. The Mankidia community in Odisha has been granted habitat rights, making them the sixth Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) to receive this recognition under the Forest Rights Act, 2006. This important legal recognition allows the Mankidia to access and manage their traditional forest areas, which were previously limited due to their PVTG status.
54. The release of the India State of Forest Report (ISFR), which provides a detailed account of the country's forest cover, has been delayed for over a year. This delay has led to speculation, particularly among forestry officials. The ISFR is published by the Forest Survey of India (FSI), an organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
55. India has risen to third place in the Asia Power Index, according to the Lowy Institute, reflecting its strong economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. This rise has allowed India to surpass Japan, highlighting its growing role in regional power.
56. The Karnataka government has decided to reject the Kasturirangan committee report, which was created to protect important ecological areas (ESAs) in the Western Ghats. Despite earlier indications that the report might be reviewed, the government, after a Cabinet meeting, decided not to implement its recommendations.
57. The Telangana government has launched a program called 'Telangana Darshini' to give students educational experiences outside their regular classrooms. This program, led by the Youth Advancement, Tourism, and Culture Department (T&PMU), encourages students to go on educational tours around Telangana to learn in a hands-on, immersive way.
58. Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently inaugurated three PARAM Rudra supercomputers and a High-Performance Computing (HPC) system. These advancements are important steps for India's technological progress, made possible through the National Supercomputing Mission.
59. India has officially become part of the Minerals Security Finance Network (MSFN), a group led by the United States. This network was created to help countries work together to secure important minerals needed for technology and clean energy. The announcement was made by the US State Department on 23rd September 2024, during the United Nations General Assembly.
60. India has recently become the third-largest producer and consumer of ethanol in the world. This change is thanks to important policy changes made by the Indian government to encourage the use of biofuels and improve energy sustainability.
61. The Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP) is a major effort between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh to improve water management for drinking and farming. Recent talks led by Rajasthan Chief Minister Bhajan Lal Sharma and Union Water Power Minister C. R. Patil show that the project is moving forward, with key issues being addressed, and an agreement is expected soon.
62. Kerala has earned the top spot in the Urban Governance Index (UGI) by the Praja Foundation, because of its strengths in managing finances and planning at the local level. However, the study also points out areas where Kerala can improve, especially in city administration.
63. India has moved up to 39th place out of 133 countries in the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2024. This shows a big improvement in how India supports innovation. Union Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal announced this news, highlighting that India is the leader in innovation in Central and Southern Asia.
International
1. The port city of Volos in Greece has declared a month-long state of emergency. This is because an unusually large number of dead fish have washed up in the Pagasetic Gulf, creating a major problem for residents and businesses. The dead fish issue began after severe flooding hit the Thessaly region last year.
2. The United Nations has recently allocated $100 million from its Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) to help address urgent humanitarian needs in ten countries facing severe crises. This decision highlights the pressing need for funding, as noted by UN humanitarian chief Joyce Msuya.
3. The United States, European Union, and United Kingdom are preparing to sign a new and important treaty called the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law. This treaty will be the first international agreement that sets legal rules for how AI technology should be developed and used, making sure that AI systems respect human rights and democratic values.
4. Scientists at JILA, a research institute that's part of the University of Colorado Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), are close to finishing the development of the world's first nuclear clock. They have figured out all the necessary parts to build this clock, marking an important step forward in timekeeping technology.
5. India is reviewing its trade agreement with Malaysia because the trade deficit has significantly increased over time. A trade deficit means India is buying more goods from Malaysia than it is selling to them. In 2011, this deficit was $2.6 billion, but by the fiscal year 2024 (FY24), it has grown to an estimated $5.5 billion. This has raised concerns about the balance of trade between the two countries.
6. In September 2024, a group of high-level Indian officials visited Europe for three days to strengthen defence cooperation between India and the European Union (EU). Their main focus was on building better military partnerships and improving how they work together to handle security challenges. These challenges are across different areas like the sea (maritime), land, and cyberspace.
7. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has achieved a major milestone with the completion of the Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant, which is the first nuclear power facility in the Arab world. This is an important step for the UAE as it works to diversify its energy sources and improve its energy security.
8. The US announced a partnership with India to improve its semiconductor supply chain. This plan will examine India's ability to make and use semiconductors, setting the stage for future projects between the two countries. It shows how important the semiconductor industry is globally.
9. Apple has recently lost a legal battle with the European Union (EU). Because of this loss, Apple now has to pay 13 billion euros (about $14 billion) in back taxes to Ireland. This decision is part of the EU's larger plan to stop unfair tax deals, often called "sweetheart deals," that some countries make with big companies.
10. North Korea is ramping up its nuclear weapons program, stating that it needs these weapons to protect itself from perceived threats, especially from the United States and its allies. The government also promotes its military advancements as a source of national pride, reinforcing the idea that nuclear weapons symbolize the country's power and importance.
11. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently approved the first-ever vaccine to be used against mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) in adults. This is a major step forward, especially in Africa, where mpox outbreaks have been particularly severe.
12. Indian and American officials gathered in New Delhi for the U.S.-India 2+2 Intersessional Dialogue. This meeting happened right before a planned meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and U.S. President Joe Biden, highlighting its importance in strengthening the relationship between the two countries.
13. Unsafe sanitation practices and poor water quality have serious consequences, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. These problems lead to widespread water pollution and increase the risk of diseases. Many deaths in this region are linked to unsafe water and a lack of proper sanitation systems.
14. Nearly 3,000 people were injured, and eight people were killed in Lebanon due to a series of explosions involving pagers operated by Hezbollah. Health officials reported that over 200 of the injured people were in critical condition, with severe injuries mainly affecting the face, hands, and stomach.
15. India has officially informed Pakistan about changes it wants to make to the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), citing unexpected and significant reasons. This notice was given under Article XII(3) of the treaty, which allows changes to be made through a new agreement between the two countries. India had already sent a notice in January 2023 because of ongoing arguments about Indian hydropower projects.
16. China's Chang'e-6 mission has successfully collected soil samples from the far side of the moon. This is a big step in exploring the moon, as it's the first time material has been gathered from this less-studied area. The Chang'e-6 mission is a major technological success for China and adds important information to global moon research.
17. In response to a severe drought, Zimbabwe has decided to kill (cull) 200 elephants to help tackle food shortages. This tough decision comes because the country's elephant population is too large for the environment to support, and there is an urgent need to provide food for people.
18. Taiwan has officially recognized same-sex marriages between Taiwanese and Chinese partners, which is a big step in supporting the rights of LGBTQ individuals in cross-strait relationships. This decision comes after Taiwan made history in 2019 by becoming the first country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage.
19. The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) is an informal group of India, Australia, Japan, and the United States. The main goal of this alliance is to maintain a free and open Indo-Pacific region, ensuring that countries can trade and move freely without restrictions. Formed in 2007, the Quad was revitalized in 2017 to address regional and global issues, especially in response to China's growing influence.
20. The European Union (EU) has promised to lend Ukraine up to Rs. 35 billion (about $39 billion) to help the country recover from the ongoing war with Russia, which started in February 2022. This loan is part of a larger financial aid package that is being coordinated by the G7 nations, a group of the world's largest economies, to support Ukraine during this difficult time.
21. The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially recognized Jordan as the first country in the world to eliminate leprosy. This recognition was praised by WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, who highlighted the collective effort by Jordan to stop the spread of the disease and tackle the stigma associated with it.
22. India and the United States have made a major agreement to create a semiconductor fabrication plant. This partnership is a big step forward in their technology collaboration, with both countries viewing it as a milestone. The project is important for areas like national security, telecommunications, and green energy and has been praised by US President Joe Biden and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
23. Trade ministers from India and Australia recently met to assess the progress of their discussions toward a comprehensive free trade agreement. This meeting comes nearly 20 months after the launch of the Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA), which has already played a big role in improving trade between the two countries.
24. Scientists have discovered a new virus in China called the Wetland Virus, which is carried by ticks. They are concerned about its potential effects on human health because it can lead to serious neurological (brain-related) complications.
25. A recent study revealed that one in three children around the world now has short-sightedness, also known as myopia. This condition makes it difficult for children to see things clearly that are far away. The main reasons for this increase are more time spent looking at screens and less time spent outdoors, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
26. Shigeru Ishiba has been chosen as the new leader of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), replacing Fumio Kishida, who resigned due to corruption scandals and economic problems. The election was unusual, with nine candidates competing. Ishiba won in a close run-off against Sanae Takaichi, receiving 215 votes to her 194 after no one won a majority in the first round.
27. The cassowary, often called the 'most dangerous bird in the world,' is at risk due to hunting and habitat loss. With fewer than 5,000 left in Australia, efforts to protect this species are becoming more urgent. The cassowary is a large, flightless bird found in the rainforests of New Guinea and northern Australia.
Defence
1. Taiwan's Ministry of National Defence (MND) plans to boost its defense by buying over 1,000 additional Stinger missiles from the United States. This move comes in response to increased military threats from China. Taiwan needs better air defense systems because of the growing Chinese military activity near its borders.
2. For the first time, an Indian Navy P8i Poseidon aircraft has landed at Air Base 125 Istres-Le Tube in France. This is a significant event, happening as part of India's participation in the bilateral naval exercise 'Varuna', which is scheduled to take place from 2nd September to 4th September 2024, in the Mediterranean Sea.
3. The Indian and South African navies formalized an agreement to improve submarine rescue support, on 4th September, 2024. This agreement is designed to ensure the safety of South African submarine crews in case of emergencies and highlights the importance of cooperation between the two countries.
4. India has recently commissioned its second nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), named INS Arighaat. This is a major boost to India's naval capabilities, coming after the first SSBN, INS Arihant, which was commissioned in 2016.
5. The Indian Navy has taken a major step to strengthen its anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities by purchasing 500 sonobuoys for $52.8 million (around Rs. 436 crore). These sonobuoys will be used with the Sikorsky MH-60R helicopters. This purchase came at the same time as Defence Minister Rajnath Singh's discussions in Washington, where the US approved a potential military sale to India.
6. The 20th edition of the India-USA Joint Military Exercise, Yudh Abhyas 2024, started on 9th September 2024, at the Foreign Training Node in Mahajan Field Firing Ranges, Rajasthan. This exercise, scheduled from 9th to 22nd September, has grown larger and more complex compared to previous years.
7. The Indian Navy recently launched two new ships, named Malpe and Mulki. These are the fourth and fifth ships in a project to build eight Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Shallow Water Crafts (SWC). The launch took place at Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL) in Kochi and is a big step toward India's goal of becoming more self-reliant in making its defence equipment.
8. Vietnam and the Philippines have agreed to work more closely on defence and maritime security. This agreement came during a visit by Vietnam's Defence Minister, Phan Van Giang, to the Philippines. This cooperation aims to address rising tensions with China, particularly over territorial disputes in the South China Sea.
9. The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy recently conducted a successful flight test of the Vertical Launch Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VL-SRSAM). The test took place at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha, marking another step forward in India's missile technology development.
10. The Indian Army has sent a team to participate in the 5th edition of the India-Oman Joint Military Exercise AL NAJAH, which is being held from 13th to 26th September 2024 in Salalah, Oman. This exercise is an important event that has been helping improve military cooperation between the two countries since it first started in 2015.
11. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India recently announced the successful testing of the Zorawar light tank. This tank is specifically designed for use in high-altitude areas, marking a step forward in India's push for self-reliance in defense technology.
12. The Kalvari Submarine Escape Training Facility, called Vinetra, was officially opened on 13th September 2024 by Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar at INS Satavahana in Visakhapatnam. This facility is an important step toward improving the Indian Navy's preparedness and ability to handle submarine emergencies.
13. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has created India's first locally-made tank specifically designed for mountain warfare, called Zorawar. This tank was developed in response to rising geopolitical tensions, especially with China in Eastern Ladakh, and lessons learned from the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. After successful trials, it is ready for deployment in high-altitude regions.
14. Exercise Eastern Bridge VII was a joint military exercise between the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO). This important collaboration took place at the RAFO airbase in Masirah, Oman. The exercise successfully concluded, strengthening the bond between India and Oman and improving their military readiness.
15. The Indian Army is set to receive its first three AH-64E Apache attack helicopters from Boeing in December 2024, after a delay of more than six months caused by supply chain problems. The helicopters were originally expected to be delivered between May and July, but the schedule was revised after discussions between India and the U.S. to prioritize delivery.
16. The Indian Navy host the fifth edition of the Goa Maritime Symposium (GMS-24) at the Naval War College in Goa from 23rd to 24th September 2024. The symposium is focused on strengthening cooperation and security among countries in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
17. The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and IIT Delhi have worked together to create the ABHED bulletproof jacket. This jacket offers advanced protection for soldiers and security personnel facing high-risk situations. The Ministry of Defence has announced this as an important step forward in developing personal armour technology.
18. Russia and China have started a large-scale naval exercise called "Ocean-24" in the Sea of Japan. This military collaboration is a clear sign of closer ties between the two nations and could indicate shifts in global power and alliances.
Business, Economy & Banking
1. India's foreign exchange reserves reached a new record of USD 683.987 billion. This increased by USD 2.299 billion in just one week, continuing an upward trend from the earlier high of USD 681.688 billion. In 2024, India's reserves have grown by more than USD 60 billion, showing impressive progress, especially compared to a decline of USD 71 billion in 2022.
2. The 54th Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council meeting took place in New Delhi, led by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. The council focused on adjusting tax rates for essential items, including health insurance, cancer drugs, and snacks.
3. A recent report by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) has highlighted large differences in how different Indian states are doing economically. The report shows that some states, especially in the south, are growing quickly, while others, like West Bengal, are seeing a decline in their economic performance.
4. POP, a fintech startup founded by former Flipkart employees, has introduced India's first multi-brand co-branded credit card in partnership with RuPay and Yes Bank. This innovative card, known as the YEB BANK POP-CLUB RuPay credit card, integrates major brands like Zomato, Blinkit, Cult, Rapido, Cleartrip, and Pharmeasy to address key daily spending areas, including e-commerce, groceries, food and beverages, travel, and health and fitness.
5. HDFC Bank has introduced GIGA, a new suite of financial products and services specifically designed for gig workers and freelancers in India. The initiative aims to cater to an estimated 30-50 million gig workers across various job sectors, from white-collar to pink-collar roles.
6. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has levied penalties on three Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) for failing to comply with its directives on housing finance companies. The penalties are as follows: Godrej Housing Finance Limited and Aadhar Housing Finance Limited were each fined Rs. 5 lakh, while Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO) faced a penalty of Rs. 3.5 lakh.
7. The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has increased the transaction limits for tax payments using UPI (Unified Payment Interface), by allowing people to send 5 lakh in a single transaction.
8. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has levied fines on HDFC Bank and Axis Bank due to regulatory non-compliance. HDFC Bank has been fined Rs. 1.91 crore, while Axis Bank has received a Rs. 1 crore penalty. The penalties are imposed for violations of RBI directives related to deposit regulations, KYC norms, and agricultural loans.
9. Bank of Baroda, in collaboration with EaseMyTrip.com, has introduced the Bank of Baroda EaseMyTrip Co-branded Travel Debit Card, aiming to cater to frequent travelers and those with a penchant for entertainment and lifestyle. This initiative marks the first co-branded travel debit card launched by a public sector bank in India, reflecting the growing trend towards customized financial products.
10. Paisabazaar, India's leading online marketplace for consumer credit and free credit score platform, has partnered with YES BANK, India's sixth largest private sector bank, to unveil their co-branded credit card - YES BANK Paisabazaar PaisaSave Credit Card.
11. Axis Bank, a leading private sector bank in India, has partnered with Mastercard, a global payments technology firm, to launch the MyBiz credit card, specifically designed for sole proprietors and small business owners. This premium World Mastercard offers a comprehensive suite of business and travel benefits tailored to meet the diverse needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Science & Technology
1. Researchers have made an important discovery in trying to combine two areas of physics-classical gravity and quantum mechanics. They found a new type of uncertainty relation, which comes from the noise made by gravitons. Gravitons are hypothetical particles that scientists believe may carry the force of gravity. Studying these particles could help us understand quantum gravity, which has been a difficult problem in physics for a long time.
2. In a historic moment, Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, opened the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi Abu Dhabi campus. This is a big deal because it's the first-ever full IIT campus outside India. This event marks a huge step forward in international academic collaboration between India and the UAE.
3. Antarctica's waters are incredibly rich in marine life, with many species still unknown to science. Recent research by William & Mary's Virginia Institute of Marine Science has revealed a new species of fish in the Antarctic Peninsula. This new species is called the Banded Dragonfish (Akarotaxis gouldae).
4. The Tibetan Plateau, often called the "Forbidden Plateau," is a massive region with unique challenges that make it very difficult for airplanes to fly over. Its high altitude, dangerous weather, lack of emergency landing areas, and limited air traffic control all contribute to why airlines avoid this area.
5. India recently conducted a successful test of the Agni-4 ballistic missile from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha. The test was carried out by the Strategic Forces Command (SFC), confirming the missile's performance and technical abilities.
6. A new species of jumping spider, Carrhotus piperus, has been discovered in the lower Palani Hills of Tamil Nadu. This discovery highlights the rich biodiversity of the region and brings the total number of Carrhotus species in India to 10, with 37 known globally.
7. In March 2025, Saturn's rings will seem to "disappear" when viewed from Earth. This is an optical illusion caused by the way Saturn tilts and moves around the Sun. The planet's tilt and orbit make its rings visible at different angles over time, and for a brief period, only the thin edge of the rings will be visible, making them look like they have vanished.
8. A new study has raised concerns regarding the near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis, previously considered unlikely to collide with our planet. Canadian astronomer Paul Wiegert's findings introduce a new variable that could potentially alter its trajectory.
9. NASA's DART mission made history by successfully crashing a spacecraft into the asteroid moonlet Dimorphos. This marked a major step forward in protecting Earth from possible asteroid impacts by testing ways to change the direction of threatening space objects.
10. SpaceX is preparing to launch its first uncrewed Starship missions to Mars in the next two years, aligning with the ideal timing for space travel between Earth and Mars, known as the Earth-Mars transfer window. Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX, shared this announcement on social media. These initial missions are critical because their success will help plan for human missions to Mars within the next four years.
11. India is making significant strides in improving its research infrastructure, as highlighted by Abhay Karandikar, Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology (DoST). One important example is the opening of the Centre for in-situ and Correlative Microscopy (CISCoM) at the Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IIT-H). This new center is expected to boost collaboration in scientific research.
12. Australia's National Species List has been updated with 750 newly recognized species, reflecting the country's rich biodiversity. Some notable new additions include a frog that sounds like it's laughing, a marine worm named after Sir David Attenborough, and a spider inspired by Tom Hardy's character, Venom.
13. Researchers from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal have made an exciting discovery by uncovering three new species of ginger in the Eastern parts of India, particularly in the states of Mizoram and Meghalaya. These new types of ginger are special because of their unique flower shapes, and together, they are called the "dancing girls" ginger species.
14. NASA has officially approved the launch of the Europa Clipper mission, which is scheduled to take off on 10th October 2024. This decision comes after a successful review of the spacecraft's design to ensure it can handle intense radiation. The announcement was made on 10th September, addressing previous concerns about the spacecraft's electronics.
15. India's Chandrayaan-3 mission has achieved a significant milestone by becoming the first lunar mission to detect over 250 seismic signals from the Moon's south pole since the Apollo missions. This discovery marks a major advancement in lunar exploration and seismic monitoring techniques.
16. India's second-largest butterfly, the Southern Birdwing, was recently spotted on the satellite campus of The American College in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. This discovery sheds light on the region's changing movements of butterfly species.
17. Indian Immunologicals Limited (IIL) has joined hands with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to develop India's first Zika virus vaccine. They have signed an agreement called a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) to work together on this project. The main goal is to conduct phase I clinical trials, which will test the vaccine for its safety and effectiveness in humans.
18. OpenAI has launched a new AI model called o1 under a secret initiative called 'Project Strawberry.' This model is designed to handle more complex reasoning in areas like science, coding, and mathematics. It's part of a series of models aimed at making AI think more deeply and tackle tougher problems.
19. A team from NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) and the University of Bristol has made an important discovery: the MAL blood group system, which solves a long-standing mystery about the AnWj antigen, first observed in 1972. Led by Louise Tilley, this research aims to improve how doctors match blood for transfusions and ensure better care for patients.
20. Astronomers have recently discovered two enormous beams of energy, called jets, coming from a supermassive black hole in a galaxy about 7.5 billion light-years away. These jets are the biggest ever found, stretching an incredible 23 million light-years across space.
21. In 2025, India will make history again in space with Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla piloting the Axiom-4 (Ax-4) mission. This mission will be India's first human presence on the International Space Station (ISS) and only the second government-sponsored human spaceflight from India, after Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma's mission in 1984.
22. Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have made an important discovery by developing a special nanomaterial that can help reduce heavy metal contamination in groundwater, particularly focusing on chromium pollution. This is crucial because heavy metals in water are a growing environmental concern, especially in urban areas affected by industrial waste.
23. A new COVID-19 variant, called XEC, has recently been discovered and is spreading rapidly. It was first found in Germany in August 2024, and scientists believe it may soon become the dominant variant worldwide. XEC is a recombinant variant, which means it was created from two different strains of the virus.
24. India's space sector has taken a major step forward as ISRO, IN-SPACe, and NSIL recently signed 75 Technology Transfer Agreements (TTAs) with non-governmental entities (NGEs). This is part of India's ongoing space reforms to encourage more private sector participation in space activities.
25. From 29th September to 25th November 2024, Earth will have a temporary companion called asteroid 2024 PT5. This asteroid will orbit around our planet for two months, acting like a mini-moon. However, it will not be visible to the naked eye or even most amateur telescopes because it is too faint.
26. Researchers at Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST) and Government Engineering College, Barton Hill (GECBH) have developed a portable X-ray protection barrier. This device aims to enhance safety during X-ray-based histopathology, a process used to study tissue samples for disease diagnosis.
27. The butterfly effect is a popular idea in chaos theory showing how tiny changes can lead to unpredictable outcomes. Imagine a butterfly flapping its wings; this small action could eventually cause a chain of events that might lead to something as significant as a faraway tornado. This concept emphasizes the idea that small actions in complex systems can have far-reaching impacts.
28. A new species of catfish, called Exostoma sentiyonoae, has been discovered in the Dzuleke River in Nagaland, India. This river is part of the Barak River system, and the discovery is important because it shows how rich the region's aquatic life is.
29. Scientists in New Zealand have discovered a new species of ghost shark, a rare fish that lives deep in the Pacific Ocean. This discovery is important because it helps us learn more about marine species that are not well-known. Ghost sharks, also called spookfish or chimeras, are unusual fish that are related to sharks and rays. They have skeletons made of cartilage instead of bone, and unlike most fish, they don't have scales.
30. A new species of flatworm, called Amaga pseudobama, has been found in the southern United States, especially in North Carolina, Florida and Georgia. This adds to the list of invasive flatworm species in the area.
31. Scientists at the Biotechnology & Innovation Council - Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (BRIC-CDFD) in Hyderabad have discovered a new process involving the Wntless (WLS) protein, which is crucial for the development of organs in animals with backbones (vertebrates). This discovery helps explain how proteins move inside cells.
Government Schemes
1. Bengaluru's Deputy Chief Minister, D. K. Shivakumar, has introduced a new scheme called 'Nambike Nakshe' to make the process of getting building approvals simpler and faster. This scheme is designed to help property owners get approval for buildings up to 4,000 square feet within the areas managed by the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP).
2. The Ministry of Labour & Employment (MoLE) recently highlighted the success of the eShram portal, which has registered over 30 crore unorganised workers since it was launched three years ago. This is a big achievement, as it shows progress in creating a digital system to support unorganised workers in India.
3. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has started the third phase of its capacity-building programmes to improve the digital skills of government officials. These officials come from both Central and State governments, and the training focuses on key digital areas.
4. The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved a major initiative called 'Mission Mausam.' This project, with a budget of Rs. 2,000 crore over two years, is designed to significantly improve India's weather prediction and atmospheric science capabilities.
5. The Union Cabinet has approved a major expansion of the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY). This expansion now includes all Indians aged 70 and older, regardless of their income. Registration for this extended health coverage is expected to start soon, with the formal launch by the Prime Minister to follow.
6. The Indian government has introduced a new plan called the PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-Drive) scheme. It replaces the previous FAME II program, which ended in March 2024. The main goal of the PM E-Drive scheme is to promote the use of electric vehicles (EVs) across the country. Although the new scheme has a smaller budget compared to the old one, it still focuses on making EVs more common in India.
7. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman introduced the NPS Vatsalya Scheme in July 2024 as part of the National Pension System (NPS). It aims to help parents and guardians make long-term financial plans for their children, even while they are still minors. This allows them to start saving early for their child's future, particularly for retirement.
8. Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently spoke to a group of artisans at an event celebrating the anniversary of the PM Vishwakarma Yojana. The event took place at the Swavalambai ground in Wardha, where the Prime Minister encouraged artisans to explore business opportunities and entrepreneurship.
9. On 10th October 2023, Union Minister Shri Jyotiraditya M. Scindia launched the 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam' app at a press conference in New Delhi. This app aims to promote environmental conservation while celebrating the bond between mothers and their children.
10. In response to rising air pollution in Delhi, Lieutenant Governor V. K. Saxena has launched the 'Dust-free Delhi' initiative. This effort aims to reduce pollution levels, especially before the winter season when the air quality usually worsens.
11. The Department of Science and Technology (DST), in partnership with the British Council, has launched the Women in Space Leadership Programme (WiSLP) as part of the UK-India Education and Research Initiative (UKIERI). This programme is designed to encourage more women to take leadership roles in the field of space sciences and aims to create a more inclusive environment for women in scientific research and innovation.
Awards & Honours
1. Hayao Miyazaki, the acclaimed film director and co-founder of Studio Ghibli, has been awarded the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award for 2024. This award is frequently referred to as Asia's Nobel Prize, highlighting Miyazaki's significant contributions to cinema and culture.
2. T. V. Somanathan has recently become the Cabinet Secretary of India. This change happened after Rajiv Gauba retired from the position, having served for five years. Rajiv Gauba's term ended and his five-year service was notably long. Rajiv Gauba was a well-known civil servant who served as Cabinet Secretary from 2019 until his retirement. His time in office was marked by significant contributions to government policy and administration.
3. Lance Naik Charan Singh (retired), a brave World War II veteran, recently celebrated his 100th birthday. The Indian Army honored him with a special ceremony at his home in Himachal Pradesh, recognizing his long and dedicated service.
4. The Booker Prize for fiction has announced its six finalists for 2024, with the shortlist revealed on 16th September 2024. In an exciting turn, five out of the six nominees are women, making this a historic moment in the award's 55-year history.
5. Amrit Mohan Prasad is an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer from the Odisha cadre. He has a long career in law enforcement and security, having previously served as the Special Director General of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). His appointment as the new Director General (DG) of the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) was approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.
6. Chennai celebrated the 146th birth anniversary of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, on 17th September 2024, a famous social reformer and rationalist from Tamil Nadu. The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M. K. Stalin, led the tributes, honoring Periyar for his significant contributions to social justice and equality.
7. Arvind Kejriwal has stepped down from his role as the Chief Minister of Delhi, making way for Atishi Marlena to take over as the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP). This decision was finalized during a recent meeting with AAP lawmakers, where Kejriwal proposed Atishi's name as his replacement. The party members agreed unanimously to have Atishi as the next leader.
8. King Abdullah II of Jordan has chosen Jafar Hassan to be the new Prime Minister, following the resignation of Bisher Al-Khasawneh and his Cabinet after the recent parliamentary elections.
9. Anura Kumara Dissanayake recently became the President of Sri Lanka, securing 42.31% of the votes in the election. His victory marks a break from the traditional political leadership in the country, reflecting the frustration many Sri Lankans feel towards the established political elite, especially during a time of economic hardship.
10. Kumar Tuhin has been appointed as India's Ambassador to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Ministry of External Affairs recently announced this, and Tuhin is expected to take on his new role soon.
11. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has won the 2024 UN Inter-Agency Task Force Award for its important work in fighting non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and improving mental health. This award recognizes how ICMR's efforts support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its successful actions in multiple sectors over the years.
12. Sri Lankan President Anura Kumar Dissanayake appointed Dr. Harini Amarasuriya as the country's Prime Minister, making her the first woman in 24 years to hold this position since Sirimavo Bandaranaike in 2000. She is only the third woman to ever serve as Prime Minister in Sri Lanka's history.
13. Girish Chandra Murmu, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India, has been appointed as the chair of the Asian Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions (ASOSAI) for the 2024-2027 term. This is important because it places India in a key position in leading public auditing across Asia.
Sports
1. At the 63rd National Open Athletics Championships, held at the Sree Kanteerava Stadium in Bengaluru, Vithya Ramraj made history by breaking a 39-year-old record in the women's 400 m hurdles. She completed the race in 56.23 seconds, surpassing the previous record of 56.80 seconds, which was set by the legendary Indian athlete P. T. Usha in 1985.
2. Scotland will host the Commonwealth Games in 2026 after Victoria, Australia, withdrew due to rising costs. Glasgow, which hosted the Games in 2014, will once again welcome athletes from around the world, but the event will be on a smaller scale this time.
3. The Duleep Trophy final between India-A and India-C concluded in dramatic fashion, with India-A emerging victorious by a margin of 132 runs. The match, which seemed destined for a draw that would have crowned India-C as champions, took a sudden turn in the closing stages, showcasing the unpredictable nature of cricket's longer format.
4. The 2024 Chess Olympiad in Budapest, Hungary has etched itself into the annals of Indian sports history. In an unprecedented achievement, India secured gold medals in both the men’s and women’s team categories, marking a watershed moment for chess in the country.
5. India's Gulveer Singh set a new national record en route to winning the men's 5000 m gold in the Yogibo Athletics Challenge Cup of World Athletics Continental Tour at Niigata, Japan. Gulveer won the race with a time of 13:11.82 to improve upon his own national record earlier this year.
6. IBSF (International Billiards and Snooker Foundation) World Men's 6, 2024 Red Snooker Championship A veteran Kamal Chawla wins Gold after beating a player from Pakistan in the final. Also, India begged three bronze medals also in the event final. The tournament was held in Mongolia.
7. To expand the cricketing infrastructure, BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket In India) inaugurated the new state of art facilities which are called the Centre Of Excellence in the outskirts of the Bengaluru city. Which is also called New National Cricket Academy.
8. India's Men's Hockey Team clinched the 5th Title of Asian Champions Trophy in 2024, by winning a goal from Jugraj Singh, India beat China 1-0 in the final game of the tournament.
9. The International Cricket Council (ICC) has announced that men's and women's cricket teams will receive equal prize money in all World Cup events, starting with the 2024 Women's T20 World Cup. Set to take place next month in the UAE, this tournament will make cricket the first major team sport to offer equal prize money across genders.
10. Dwayne Bravo has confirmed his retirement from all cricket after his final season in the CPL (Caribbean Premier League) was cut short by injury. The West Indies maestro will take up a new role as Mentor in franchise cricket.
11. The ongoing India vs Bangladesh 2 test match series, Ravindra Jadeja became the first Indian left arm spinner to take 300 test wickets in Test cricket. The all rounder became the second fastest player who scored 3000 test runs and scalped 300 test wickets. It is a huge achievement for him and he joins the elite list in the history of cricket.
References:
jagranjosh.com
gktoday.in
business-standard.com
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