External water is not required for fertilization of

A. Pteriodophytes

B. Bryophytes

C. Thallophytes

D. Spermatophytes

Answer: Option D

Solution(By Examveda Team)

External water is not required for the fertilization of Spermatophytes.
In pteridophytes, fertilization takes place in presence of water. At the time of fertilization neck, canal cells and ventral canal cells disintegrate forming a passage for antherozoids to enter inside.
Whereas in spermatophytes that are gymnosperms and angiosperms, external water is of need for fertilization because in this the male gametes are carried through the pollen tube.