Climate And Weather In Indian Geography MCQ Question and Answer | Geography MCQ Question

During the month of October as the monsoon retreats, the feeble high pressure builds up over North India symbolizing clear skies, due to which the temperatures rises again and as the whole area has been drenched by recent rainy season the humidity also rises which becomes unbearable for people to sustain the combined effect of both.

Earth receives its heat from sun in the form of Insolation (short wavelength) and radiates it back in the form of long wavelength waves. Our atmosphere is transparent to short wave radiations but traps long wave radiations that is why it is heated from below.

In Tamil Nadu, retreating monsoon has more effect. When the retreating monsoon blows from the northeast across the Bay of Bengal, it picks up a significant amount of moisture, which is subsequently released after moving back onto the peninsula.

During the South-West Monsoon, Tamil Nadu remains dry because it is located in rain shadow area. Tamil Nadu has rain during the monsoon season due to the southwest trade winds which blow towards the northern hemisphere. Tamil Nadu receives rainfall in the winter season due to northeast trade winds.

The Arabs introduced the term 'monsoon'. The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic word 'mausim', meaning season. It was first used by Arabic navigators to describe the seasonal winds of the Arabian Sea. Although the term monsoon actually means a seasonal wind, it is often used to refer to the torrential rainfall associated with these winds.

The withdrawal of monsoon from the northern region and then from the whole nation gradually is termed as monsoon retreat. During the monsoon retreat it rains heavily in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh as cyclonic formation in Baengal are confined to this region.

Tropical Moist-deciduous forests is referred as Monsoon forest. The tropical deciduous forests are also called monsoon forest because the trees in these forests shed their leaves during dry season and re-grow during monsoon.

Although the Andaman & Nicobar Islands receive monsoon as early as mid-May, the southwest monsoon enters the subcontinent’s mainland through the Kerala coast. The monsoon then gets divided into two parts: the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. It normally reaches Mangalore on the west coast and Vishakhapatnam on the east coast within four days. Both the branches move to reach Mumbai and Kolkata on average between June 10 and 13. The monsoon crosses Varanasi, Ahmedabad and Bhopal by June 15. Agra has to wait for another five days and Delhi by June 29. The two branches merge over Punjab and Himachal. By mid-July, the southwest monsoon engulfs the entire subcontinent.

The retreating monsoon withdraws from the North-west India to Bengal.

The monsoon is caused by the seasonal reversal of winds.
During summer, landmasses tend to heat up more quickly than oceans, creating a low-pressure area over the land. Meanwhile, oceans retain their relatively cooler temperatures, creating a high-pressure area. This pressure gradient causes winds to blow from the ocean towards the land, bringing moisture-laden air. This is known as the summer monsoon.
In winter, the situation reverses. Landmasses cool down more rapidly than oceans, creating a high-pressure area over the land and a low-pressure area over the ocean. This reversal in pressure causes winds to blow from the land towards the ocean, leading to the winter monsoon.

Option A: Temperature changes
While temperature changes are a factor in monsoon dynamics, the primary cause of the monsoon is the seasonal reversal of winds, not just temperature changes.

Option C: Humidity difference
Humidity difference plays a role in the monsoon, but it's not the primary cause. The direction of the winds, influenced by pressure differences, is the key factor in the monsoon phenomenon.

Option D: Pressure differences
Pressure differences indeed play a crucial role in causing monsoons. The seasonal reversal of winds is a result of pressure differences between landmasses and oceans, leading to the monsoon phenomenon.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B: Seasonal reversal of winds.