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Geomorphology and Surface Processes MCQs Questions & Answers | Geological Engineering

Learn and practice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers related to Geomorphology and Surface Processes. These resources are available for Geological engineering students who wish to clear GATE exams, technical interviews, competitive examinations, and other entrance exams. The Geomorphology and Surface Processes chapter is particularly important for students studying Geological engineering. Page-7 section-1

61
Which term describes a ridge of sand parallel to the shoreline created by wave action?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
A barrier island is a long, narrow sand ridge that runs parallel to the coast, formed by wave and tidal action.It protects the mainland from storm surges and erosion.
62
What causes the formation of terraces in river valleys?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
River terraces form when a river cuts into its own floodplain due to tectonic uplift or a fall in sea level (base level), leaving behind step-like landforms.
63
Which type of weathering involves the chemical alteration of rock minerals?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option D
Solution:
Chemical weathering breaks down rocks through chemical reactions, like oxidation and hydrolysis.It alters mineral composition, weakening the rock structure.
64
What is the landform created by wind-blown sand that forms a crescent shape?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
A barchan dune is a crescent-shaped sand dune with tips pointing downwind.Formed in arid areas with a constant wind direction and limited sand supply.
65
What does a hanging valley indicate?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
A hanging valley is a glacial valley that joins a deeper main valley from a higher elevation.It often forms waterfalls, as seen in Yosemite Valley.
66
What is desert pavement?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Desert pavement is a surface covered with tightly packed pebbles left behind after wind removes finer materials (deflation).It protects underlying soil from further erosion.
67
What is the process of bouncing sand grains along the ground by wind called?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Saltation is the movement of sand grains in short hops or bounces along the ground, caused by wind.It is the dominant process in sand transport in deserts.
68
What type of landform is created at the junction of a glacier and a rock wall?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
A moraine is an accumulation of glacial debris (till) formed at the sides, middle, or end of a glacier.It marks past glacier movement.
69
Which type of slope failure is most rapid and dangerous?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option D
Solution:
A rockfall is a fast-moving type of slope failure where rocks break free and fall vertically or bounce downslope.Common in mountainous and steep regions.
70
What is the term for a dry riverbed that temporarily fills with water after rainfall in arid regions?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
An arroyo is a dry creek or stream bed that temporarily holds water after heavy rain in desert areas.Also known as a "wadi" in some regions.