In determining the various forces on the chip, Merchant assumed that the

A. Cutting edge of the tool is sharp and it does not make any flank contact with the workpiece

B. Only continuous chip without built-up-edge is produced

C. Cutting velocity remains constant

D. All of the above

Answer: Option D

Solution(By Examveda Team)

Assumption in Merchant's Force Circle:
- The chip is considered in equilibrium under action of two equal and opposite collinear forces.
-The stress is maximum at the shear plane and it remains constant.
- The shear takes place in a direction in which the energy required for shearing is minimum