Examveda

In the Panama Canal Expansion, what was a key geological issue during excavation?

A. Lava flow intrusion

B. Swelling clay

C. Fault movement

D. Volcanic ash

Answer: Option B

Solution (By Examveda Team)

Swelling clay (specifically montmorillonite) caused slope instability. When exposed to water, this clay expanded, exerting pressure on retaining structures and increasing excavation risks.

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