Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:

List-I (Aristotle's theory of causation)	List-II (Explanations)
a. The efficient cause	1. The substance and essence of the thing
b. The final cause	2. Matter of which it is composed
c. The material cause	3. The purpose towards which the movement is directed.
d. The formal cause	4. The cause of motion

Solution (By Examveda Team)

Aristotle's Theory of Causation:
Aristotle, a famous Greek philosopher, explained how things come to be using four causes. Let's understand each one:

a. The Efficient Cause (4): This is the trigger or the cause of motion. Think of it as the "who" or "what" that gets things started. For example, if you're building a house, the efficient cause could be the construction workers.

b. The Final Cause (3): This is the purpose or goal of something. It's the "why" behind it. In our house example, the final cause is to have a place to live.

c. The Material Cause (2): This refers to the matter or stuff something is made of. For the house, the material cause would be the wood, bricks, cement, etc.

d. The Formal Cause (1): This is the form, structure, or essence of something. It's the blueprint or design. In our house example, this would be the architectural plan that defines the house's shape and structure.

Matching the Causes:
Now, let's match them correctly: The efficient cause is the cause of motion (4), the final cause is the purpose (3), the material cause is the matter (2), and the formal cause is the essence (1).

Therefore, the correct answer is Option B: a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1