2.
Advantages of Casting are: (I) Can create complex part geometries, 3-D shapes (II) Can create both external and internal shapes and large hollow shapes (III) It is a near net shape process for small to large parts (IV) Very good mechanical strength can be obtained for as-cast component

3.
During hot isostatic pressing of powder particulates, the pressure and temperatures are

5.
In case of binary alloys, when the tangent touches plot for two phases, it means that at that composition, chemical potential of component A in both phases are

8.
The statement of sintering "The thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent for the purpose of increasing its strength" is given by

10.
For random distribution of particle size, standard deviation is defined in such a way that: