. . . . . . . . systems are scale-out file-based (HDD) systems moving to more uses of memory in the nodes.

What is the primary function of the MapReduce programming model in Hadoop?

A. Real-time data processing

B. Batch processing of large datasets

C. Querying structured data

D. High-speed data ingestion

In the MapReduce model, what does the Map phase handle?

A. Data ingestion

B. Data processing

C. Data storage

D. Task scheduling

What does the Shuffle phase in MapReduce involve?

A. Data compression

B. Data distribution to reducers

C. Data sorting and grouping

D. Data storage in HBase

What is the role of the Combiner in the MapReduce model?

A. Data compression

B. Combine intermediate key-value pairs on the mapper side

C. Aggregate values on the reducer side

D. Data sorting and grouping