The smut of pearlmillet (caused by Tolyposporium penicillariae) is a

The smut of pearl millet (caused by Tolyposporium penicillariae) is soil-borne.
Smut of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), caused by Tolyposporium penicillariae, is an important and widespread disease.
It causes direct loss of grain by replacing them with smut sori, and yield losses of up to 30% have been reported.
Soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi cause a variety of diseases, such as root rot, stem rot, crown rot, damping-off, and vascular wilts, resulting in significant economic losses in the yield and quality of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide.