Vapour heat treatment and hot air treatments for nematode control was introduces by

Vapour heat treatment and hot air treatments for nematode control were introduced by K. Marcinowski.
Vapour heat treatment is a method of heating fruit with air saturated with water vapour (humidified by injection of steam) at temperatures of 40° - 50°C to kill insect eggs and larvae as a quarantine treatment before fresh market shipment. Vapour heat was developed specifically for nematode and other insect control.
Root-knot and foliar nematodes were the most sensitive and were completely eradicated after steaming at 111 degrees Fahrenheit for four hours.