What is the type of welding defect caused due to poor manipulation of weld rod or a dirty joint called?

Solution (By Examveda Team)

Option A: Porosity
Cause: Entrapment of gases due to contaminants such as oil, rust, moisture, grease, or inadequate shielding
Appearance: Small holes/voids within or on the surface of the weld bead
Link to question: A dirty joint directly promotes gas formation and entrapment, and poor manipulation of the weld rod can disturb shielding and puddle control, increasing porosity risk

Option B: Undercut
Cause: Improper rod angle, excessive current/arc length, high travel speed, poor manipulation
Appearance: A groove along the base metal at the weld toe that remains unfilled
Link to question: Strongly tied to poor manipulation, but not typically caused by a dirty joint; contamination is not a primary driver of undercut

Option C: Under fill
Cause: Insufficient filler deposition due to low current or improper travel technique
Appearance: Weld surface below the adjacent base metal level
Link to question: Not chiefly related to dirty joints; more about inadequate filler or heat input

Option D: Crack
Cause: High residual stresses, rapid cooling, hydrogen embrittlement, poor preheat/postheat control
Appearance: Fracture in weld metal or HAZ
Link to question: Not primarily linked to contamination or simple rod manipulation errors

Conclusion: The only defect that matches both stated causes—poor manipulation of the weld rod or a dirty joint—is Porosity (Option A).