Which of the events mentioned below is taken as signaling the end of Cold War?

Solution (By Examveda Team)

1. Background of the Cold War:
- The Cold War (1947–1991) was a period of intense geopolitical rivalry between the United States (and its allies) and the Soviet Union (and its allies).
- It was characterized by ideological conflict between capitalism and communism, military competition, and the division of the world into opposing blocs.

2. Significance of the Berlin Wall:
- Constructed in 1961, the Berlin Wall became the most visible symbol of the Cold War.
- It physically and ideologically divided East Berlin (controlled by the communist German Democratic Republic, aligned with the Soviet Union) and West Berlin (aligned with the democratic and capitalist Western bloc).
- The Wall represented the broader division between Eastern and Western Europe.

3. Events Leading to the Fall of the Berlin Wall:
- During the 1980s, there was a decline in Soviet influence under Mikhail Gorbachev’s leadership. His policies of Perestroika (restructuring) and Glasnost (openness) paved the way for political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe.
- Popular protests demanding freedom and democracy gained momentum in East Germany and other communist states.
- By November 1989, mounting public pressure and international developments forced the East German government to announce relaxed border restrictions.

4. Breaching of the Berlin Wall in 1989:
- On November 9, 1989, East Berlin’s government unexpectedly allowed citizens to cross the border.
- Thousands of people from both sides gathered at the Wall, celebrating and physically tearing it down.
- This event was televised globally, becoming a powerful symbol of freedom and the end of the Cold War era.

5. Impact of the Berlin Wall’s Fall:
- The fall led to the reunification of Germany in 1990.
- It signaled the collapse of communist regimes across Eastern Europe, including countries like Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.
- It marked the decline of Soviet dominance and the beginning of the end for the Soviet Union itself, which officially dissolved in 1991.

Why Not Other Options?
- Option A: Soviet Union's Collapse in 1991: While this marked the formal end of the Cold War, the symbolic end began with the fall of the Berlin Wall.
- Option C: Declaration of Independence by Republic of Kazakhstan in 1991: This event occurred after the Cold War’s end and was a consequence of the Soviet Union’s dissolution.
- Option D: Large-scale revolt for freedom in Baltic States in 1969: While important, it did not directly signal the end of the Cold War.

Conclusion:
The breaching of the Berlin Wall in 1989 remains the most iconic and widely accepted event signaling the end of the Cold War. It symbolized the collapse of the division between East and West and set the stage for a new era in international relations.