Which of the following provisions cannot be amended by simple majority?

Article 368 of the Indian Constitution describes two ways to make changes to the Indian Constitution. The first way is by a special majority from both houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha). The second way is by a special majority from both houses of Parliament, along with approval from half of the total

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What are Constitutional Amendments?
Article 368 of Part XX of the Constitution of India outlines two ways to make changes to the Constitution:

By a special majority of Parliament.
By a special majority of Parliament, along with approval from at least half of the total states.
However, there are some other articles that allow certain provisions of the Constitution to be amended by a simple majority of Parliament. This means that a majority of the members present and voting in each House
Types of Amendments in India
There are three ways in which the Constitution can be changed:

Amendment with a simple majority of the Parliament.
Amendment with a special majority of the Parliament.
Amendment with a special majority of the Parliament and the approval of at least half of the state legislatures.
There are three types of amendments in the Indian Constitution. Let me explain each type in simple terms:

Amendments by Simple Majority of Parliament

Changes to certain parts of the Constitution can be made with just over half of the members of Parliament agreeing.
These changes involve things like allowing new states to join, changing the names or borders of existing states, setting up or getting rid of special councils in states, deciding how much money public officials should be paid, and making rules about how Parliament works.

Amendments by Special Majority of Parliament

To change most parts of the Constitution, we need a special kind of agreement from Parliament. This means more than half of all the members in both houses need to agree, and at least two-thirds of the members who are present and voting need to agree.
This special agreement is required for important things like Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and other parts not mentioned in the first and third categories.
Amendments by Special Majority of Parliament and Consent of States

Provisions related to the federal structure of the country can be amended by a special majority of Parliament and the consent of at least half of the state legislatures.
Even if some states do not take any action on the amendment, as long as half of the states give their consent, it is considered valid. This applies to matters such as the election of the President, the powers of the Union and the states, the Supreme Court and high courts, the distribution of legislative powers, and the lists in the Seventh Schedule.
These different types of amendments ensure that the Constitution can be modified while maintaining a balance between the central government and the states, and protecting fundamental rights and principles of governance