Which of the following statements is most appropriate for transition elements?

Solution (By Examveda Team)

Definition: Transition elements are elements found in the d-block of the periodic table, where the d-orbitals are progressively filled.

Electronic configuration: In transition elements, the outermost shell (ns) and the penultimate shell (n-1)d are both incomplete. This is why they are said to have two incomplete outermost shells.

Reason: The incomplete (n-1)d subshell gives rise to many characteristic properties of transition metals such as variable oxidation states, formation of coloured compounds, and catalytic activity.

Why other options are incorrect: Option A is incorrect because three incomplete shells occur in inner transition elements, not regular transition elements. Option B is incorrect because it ignores the incompleteness of the (n-1)d subshell. Option D is incorrect because transition metals do not have eight electrons in their outermost shell.

Conclusion: The most appropriate statement for transition elements is that two of their outermost shells are incomplete.