Which one of the following is not a protoplast fusion inducing agent?

Gynogenesis is a process of development of haploid plants

A. From a fertilized cell of female gametophyte

B. From an unfertilized cell of female gametophyte

C. From isolated pollen grains

D. By selective elimination of chromosomes following distant hybridization

Parthenogenetic embryos in plants are those which are formed by

A. Unfertilized eggs

B. Fertilized eggs

C. Sporophytic cells

D. Male gametophyte

Large scale clonal propagation practically means raising a population of plantlets from

A. A single cell

B. A single explant

C. Many explants from a single plant

D. Many explants from a group of plants

Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion: In direct somatic embryogenesis, embryos are developed without going through callus formation.
Reason: This is possible due to the presence of pre embryonically determined cells.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct reason for (A)

B. (A) is false but (R) is true

C. (A) is true but (R) is false

D. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct reason for (A)