12.
Who among the following disproved the theories of 'spontaneous generation' and demonstrated once and for all that life originates only from pre-existing life?

18.
Who among the following defined linkage 'the tendency of the genes, as present in the same chromosome, to remain in their original combination and to enter together in the same gamete'?

19.
Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer:
1. It is in the sedimentary rocks that fossils are found
2. Sedimentary rocks arise as a result of gradual deposition of silt or silica at the bottom of lakes or seas
3. Igneous rocks are those in which the original structure has been changed by heat or pressure
4. Entire plants or animals or more commonly their parts are found fossilised

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