Evaluate the Michaelis constant for the following lipase catalyzed transesterification reaction for the production of biodiesel.
$${\text{Vegetale oil}} + {\text{Lipase}} + \mathop \rightleftharpoons \limits_{{{\text{k}}1}}^{{{\text{k}}{ - 1}}} {\text{ Oil-lipase complex }}\mathop \to \limits^{{{\text{k}}_1}} {\text{Biodiesel}} + {\text{Glycerol}}$$
where k₁ = 3 × 10⁸ M⁻¹ s⁻¹; k₋₁ = 4 × 10⁴ s⁻¹ and k₂ = 2 × 10³ s⁻¹

Which of the following techniques is best suited for immobilizing an affinity ligand?

Which one of the following can not be a limiting substrate if Monod's growth kinetics is applicable?

During cultivation of microorganisms in a fermenter, various parameters are controlled by appropriate sensor (probe). Match each probe in Group I with the appropriate response mechanism in Group II.

Group I (Probe)	Group II (Response)
P. Thermistor	1. Activation of acid/alkali pump
Q. Oxygen electrode	2. Activation of vegetable oil pump
R. Metal rod	3. Activation of hot/cold water pump
S. pH electrode	4. Increase/decrease in stirrer motor speed

The kinetics of the disintegration of baker's yeast cells in a bead mill is described as $$\frac{{dp}}{{dt}} = K\left( {{P_m} - P} \right)$$   , where P is the concentration of protein released, m is the maximum protein concentration achievable, K is the first order rate constant and is 0.5 h⁻¹ for the system studied. The time required for the release of 90% of the intracellular proteins will be: