Gasoline extracted from natural gas (by compression and cooling) is called the __________ gasoline.

In petroleum refinery engineering, gasoline extracted from natural gas by compression and cooling is referred to as casing head gasoline (Option C).

Casing head gasoline is a type of natural gasoline obtained during the initial processing of natural gas. It is typically a mixture of hydrocarbons with relatively low octane ratings compared to other types of gasoline. Casing head gasoline is used as a fuel or as a feedstock in various chemical processes.

Therefore, the correct option is Option C: Casing head.