In a fed-batch culture, 200 g L^-1 glucose solution is added at a flow rate of 50 L h^-1. The initial culture volume (at quasi steady state) and the initial cell concentration are 600 L and 20 g L^-1, respectively. The yield coefficient \[\left( {{Y_{\frac{X}{S}}}} \right)\] is 0.5 g cell mass-g substrate^-1. The cell concentration (g L^-1) at quasi steady state at t = 8 h is

Which of the following techniques is best suited for immobilizing an affinity ligand?

Which one of the following can not be a limiting substrate if Monod's growth kinetics is applicable?

During cultivation of microorganisms in a fermenter, various parameters are controlled by appropriate sensor (probe). Match each probe in Group I with the appropriate response mechanism in Group II.

Group I (Probe)	Group II (Response)
P. Thermistor	1. Activation of acid/alkali pump
Q. Oxygen electrode	2. Activation of vegetable oil pump
R. Metal rod	3. Activation of hot/cold water pump
S. pH electrode	4. Increase/decrease in stirrer motor speed

The kinetics of the disintegration of baker's yeast cells in a bead mill is described as $$\frac{{dp}}{{dt}} = K\left( {{P_m} - P} \right)$$   , where P is the concentration of protein released, m is the maximum protein concentration achievable, K is the first order rate constant and is 0.5 h⁻¹ for the system studied. The time required for the release of 90% of the intracellular proteins will be: