In ideal machines

Solution (By Examveda Team)

Option A: Mechanical advantage is greater than velocity ratio
In an ideal machine, there are no energy losses due to friction or other resistances.
Therefore, the mechanical advantage cannot be greater than the velocity ratio because that would imply the machine is creating additional energy, which is impossible in an ideal system.

Option B: Mechanical advantage is equal to velocity ratio
In an ideal machine, the mechanical advantage (MA) is equal to the velocity ratio (VR) because all the input energy is fully transmitted to the output without any losses.
This equality holds true as there are no inefficiencies in an ideal machine.

Option C: Mechanical advantage is less than velocity ratio
In real machines, due to energy losses, the mechanical advantage is often less than the velocity ratio.
However, in ideal machines, where no losses are assumed, the mechanical advantage should equal the velocity ratio, not be less than it.

Option D: Mechanical advantage is unity
While mechanical advantage can be unity in specific scenarios, it is not a general characteristic of all ideal machines.
An ideal machine’s mechanical advantage will match the velocity ratio, but the value is not limited to unity.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Option B: Mechanical advantage is equal to velocity ratio.
In an ideal machine, mechanical advantage equals the velocity ratio due to the absence of energy losses.