Management Accounting MCQ Questions and Solutions with Explanations | Management

Second step in decision making process is obtaining information. Gather relevant information Collect some pertinent information before you make your decision: what information is needed, the best sources of information, and how to get it. This step involves both internal and external “work.” Some information is internal: you'll seek it through a process of self-assessment.

Costs that behaves as irrelevant costs in process of decision making are classified as past costs. A past cost is money that has already been spent. These funds cannot be recovered, so the related cost is irrelevant for decision-making purposes. A past cost is also known as a sunk cost.

An amount of additional cost incurred for any particular activity is classified as incremental cost. Incremental cost also referred to as marginal cost, is the total change a company experiences within its balance sheet or income statement due to the production and sale of an additional unit of product. Incremental costs may be classified as relevant costs in managerial accounting.

In today's global world, an outsourcing of products or services from lower cost countries is classified as off-shoring. Offshoring is the relocation of a business process from one country to another—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting processes, such as accounting.

Costs that are unavoidable and remain unchanged no matter what done are classified as sunk costs. A sunk cost is a cost that an entity has incurred, and which it can no longer recover. Sunk costs should not be considered when making the decision to continue investing in an ongoing project, since these costs cannot be recovered.

When an essential information for calculation of income statement is missing, then costs that can be considered for this purpose is called relevant costs. Relevant cost is a managerial accounting term that describes avoidable costs that are incurred only when making specific business decisions. The concept of relevant cost is used to eliminate unnecessary data that could complicate the decision-making process.

In relevance concepts, relevant revenues are also termed as expected future revenues. The revenue recognition principle is a cornerstone of accrual accounting together with the matching principle. They both determine the accounting period in which revenues and expenses are recognized. According to the principle, revenues are recognized when they are realized or realizable, and are earned (usually when goods are transferred or services rendered), no matter when cash is received.

First step in decision making process is to identify problem. The first step in making the right decision is recognizing the problem or opportunity and deciding to address it. Determine why this decision will make a difference to your customers or fellow employees.

Buying of goods or services from suppliers or vendors of some other country instead of local supplier is classified as outsourcing. Outsourcing is the business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services and create goods that traditionally were performed in-house by the company's own employees and staff. Outsourcing is a practice usually undertaken by companies as a cost-cutting measure.

In broader categories, outcomes of decisions are classified as quantitative factors and qualitative factors.