The average information associated with an extremely unlikely message is zero. What is the average information associated with an extremely likely message?

Quadrature multiplexing is

A. The same as FDM

B. The same as TDM

C. A combination of FDM and TDM

D. Quite different from FDM and TDM

A communication channel with AWGN operating at a signal to noise ratio SNR >> 1 and bandwidth 6 has capacity C₁. If the SNR is doubled keeping B constant, the resulting capacity C₂ is given by

A. C₂ ≈ 2C₁

B. C₂ ≈ C₁ + B

C. C₂ ≈ C₁ + 2B

D. C₂ ≈ C₁ + 0.3B

To obtain the transfer function of a convolutional code, the splitting of all-zero state takes place into . . . . . . . .
1. Starting state
2. First return to all-zero state
3. In-between state

A. 1 and 2

B. 2 and 3

C. 1 and 3

D. None of the above

Which decoding method involves the evaluation by means of Fano Algorithm?

A. Maximum Likelihood Decoding

B. Sequential Decoding

C. Both A and B

D. None of the above