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Thermal death of microorganisms in the liquid medium follows first order kinetics. If the initial cell concentration in the fermentation medium is 10⁸ cells mL^-1 and the final acceptable contamination level is 10^-3 cells, for how long should 1 m³ medium be treated at temperature of 120°C (thermal deactivation rate constant = 0.23 min^-1) to achieve acceptable load?

A. 48 min

B. 11 min

C. 110 min

D. 20 min

Answer: Option C

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