Which of the following constitutes patentable subject matter?
1. A toxin-where such toxin is found on the skin of a previously unknown tree frog of the Amazon basin, which, when administered to patients with a certain cell cancer, causes a substantial reduction in the number of cancerous cells.
2. An idea-where such idea is that there is a mathematical relation among (i) the exposure time of a tumor to a specified alpha-radiation emitting source, (ii) the size of the tumor in cubic centimeters, and (iii) the success rate of the procedure as determined by survival rate at five years
3. Kidney cells-where such cells are found in a certain variety of wild pigs
4. A new laparoscopic surgical technique-where such technique bears improved results in patient cure
Select the correct answer: