Which of the following measures are effective for soil conservation in India?
I. Avoiding crop rotation
II. Afforestation
III. Encouraging the use of chemical fertilizers
IV. Limiting shifting cultivation

Measures that are effective for soil conservation in India are afforestation and Limiting shifting cultivation. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees (forestation) in an area where there was no previous tree cover. Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot.