In process annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is

Solution (By Examveda Team)

The correct answer is D: Heated below or close to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly.

Let's break down why:

Process Annealing is a heat treatment used to relieve internal stresses in a cold-worked metal without significantly altering its microstructure.
Think of it like giving the steel a gentle "relaxing massage".

Hypo-eutectoid steel means the steel has less than 0.8% carbon.

Critical Temperatures are important points where the steel's crystal structure changes. We have an Upper Critical Temperature (A3) and Lower Critical Temperature (A1).

Now, let's look at the options:

Options A, B, and C involve heating *above* the upper critical temperature.
Heating above A3 causes the steel to transform into austenite, then cooling in different ways controls the formation of new microstructures. This is used for other heat treatments like normalizing or quenching, not process annealing.

Option D is different.
Heating "below or close to the lower critical temperature" means we're only heating it enough to reduce stress, *without* changing its fundamental structure.
Then, cooling slowly helps to further relax the steel.

Therefore, the key to process annealing of hypo-eutectoid steel is heating *below* the lower critical temperature, making Option D the correct choice.