Allowance due to a wife from her husband on separation

One word substitute is Alimony.

Bail: the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes on condition that a sum of money is lodged to guarantee their appearance in court.
Alimony: a husband's (or wife's) provision for a spouse after separation or divorce; maintenance.
Dole: benefit paid by the state to the unemployed.
Compensation: something, typically money, awarded to someone in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury.