Assertion (A): British excluded the Indian middle and upper classes from the high administrative and military posts.
Reason (R): Many of the traditional zamindars lost their zamindaris to the new class of urban-based absentee landlords

Many of them lost their zamindaris to the new class of urban-based absentee landlords due to the introduction of the zamindari or the new class of urban-based absentee landlords due to the introduction of zamindari or the permanent settlement, and the strict manner of revenue collection by the British.