Grammar - English Aptitude MCQ Questions and Answers

'yesterday' means past. 'saw' is used and the sentence becomes a simple past tense sentence.

When deciding whether to use 'is' or 'are', look at whether the noun is plural or singular. If the noun is singular, use 'is'. If it is plural or there is more than one noun, use 'are'.

The correct answer is Option A: having got

First, let's define the grammatical concept at play here: this question tests your understanding of perfect participles and their use in forming participial phrases. A perfect participle is formed using "having" + past participle (e.g., having gone, having seen, having done). It shows an action completed before the action in the main clause.

The sentence requires a participial phrase to describe the action that happened *before* the driver turned up for extra duty. That action was receiving a telephone call. "Having got a telephone call" perfectly describes this preceding action, indicating that the call was received and the action was completed before the driver's arrival.

Why other options are incorrect:

Option B: had got - This is grammatically incorrect in this context. "Had got" is the past perfect tense, requiring a main verb to complete a clause. This would lead to an incorrect sentence structure.

Option C: being got - "Being got" is the passive continuous form which implies an ongoing action. This doesn't fit the context where receiving the call was a completed action *before* the arrival of the driver.

Option D: having been got - This is the passive perfect participle. While grammatically possible, it implies the telephone call was received passively, which is less natural in this context. It suggests the call was received *to* the driver, rather than *by* the driver. The active voice ("having got") is more direct and appropriate.

In summary, only "having got" correctly conveys the temporal relationship between the two actions (receiving the call and arriving for extra duty) and creates a grammatically sound and naturally flowing sentence.

Using a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word.
The 'U' in university has a consonant sound of 'yoo' or 'you'. So despite the fact that the word 'university' starts with a vowel, because of its consonant sound we use 'a' instead of 'an'.

Modal Verbs show us the attitude of the speaker to what is being said or done. The term "modal" means expressing mood and mood is a way to express the attitude of the speaker.
Option A expresses the mood of duty/obligation according to the sentence.

First, let's define the relevant verb tenses:

Present Perfect (has/have + past participle): Used for actions completed at an unspecified time before now. It emphasizes the completion of the action, not the time it happened.
Present Perfect Continuous (has/have been + present participle): Used for actions that started in the past and continue up to the present moment. It emphasizes the duration of the action.
Present Continuous (is/are + present participle): Used for actions happening now.
Simple Future (will + base verb): Used for actions that will happen in the future.

The sentence describes an action (flying an airplane) that began in the past and continues for a specific duration (10 hours) up to the present moment. Therefore, the Present Perfect Continuous is the appropriate tense.

Why other options are incorrect:
A. has flown: This implies he completed the act of flying at some unspecified time in the past. It doesn't convey the ongoing nature of the action.
B. is flying: This implies he is currently flying, but it doesn't specify how long he has been flying. The duration of 10 hours is missing.
D. will fly: This refers to a future action, not one happening now or continuing from the past.

'was' is the first and third-person singular past tense of the verb to be, while 'were' is the second-person singular past and plural past of to be.

'the little' is used to signify a specific chance that the person had and that he lost. Hence, it is the correct answer.

A reflexive pronoun ends in ..self or ...selves and refers to another noun or pronoun in the sentence (yourself, himself, myself, itself etc).
The pronoun used in the sentence is 'she' whose corresponding reflexive pronoun is 'herself'.

When deciding whether to use 'is' or 'are', look at whether the noun is plural or singular. If the noun is singular, use 'is'. If it is plural or there is more than one noun, use 'are'.