Practice MCQ Questions and answers on Chemistry-GK

The new strain of bacteria produced by biotechnology in alcohol industry is Pseudomonas putida.

Molasses are the principal ingredient in the distillation of rum. Rum is therefore common in regions of the world where sugarcane or sugar beets are heavily cultivated. It is used in the manufacture of ethyl alcohol for industry and as an ingredient in cattle feed.

Denatured alcohol or methylated spirits is ethanol that has additives to make it undrinkable (poisonous), to discourage recreational consumption. In some cases it is also dyed. Denatured alcohol is used as a solvent and as fuel for spirit burners and camping stoves. Because of the diversity of industrial uses for denatured alcohol, hundreds of additives and denaturing methods have been used. The main additive has traditionally been 10% methanol, giving rise to the term “methylated spirit.” Other typical additives include isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and denatonium. Completely denatured alcohol must be made in accordance with the following formulation: with every 90 parts by volume of alcohol mix 9.5 parts by volume of wood naphtha or a substitute and 0.5 parts by volume of crude pyridine, and to the resulting mixture add mineral naphtha (petroleum oil) in the proportion of 3.75 litres to every 1000 litres of the mixture and synthetic organic dyestuff (methyl violet) in the proportion of 1.5 grams to every 1000 litres of the mixture.

Rectified spirit, also known as ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin, is highly concentrated ethanol which has been purified by means of repeated distillation, called rectification. It typically contains 95% alcohol by volume.

The reaction intermediate formed during the preparation of diethyl ether from ethanol by treatment with H₂SO₄ is carbocation.

Wood spirit is Methyl alcohol.

When formaldehyde and potassium hydroxide are heated, we get methyl alcohol and formic acid.

Itai-itai disease was the documented case of mass cadmium poisoning in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The cadmium poisoning caused softening of the bones and kidney failure. The disease is named for the severe pains caused in the joints and spine. The cadmium was released into rivers by mining companies in the mountains. The mining companies were successfully sued for the damage. Itai-itai disease is known as one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan. Itai-itai disease was caused by cadmium poisoning due to mining in Toyama Prefecture. The cadmium and other heavy metals accumulated at the bottom of the river and in the water of the river. This water was then used to irrigate the rice fields. The rice absorbed heavy metals, especially the cadmium. The cadmium accumulated in the people eating contaminated rice.

Lactose is a disaccharide sugar composed of galactose and glucose. Lac in Latin means milk. It comprises about 2-8 % of milk by weight so, it is important constituent of milk. It is also called as milk sugar.