Science of bodily structure

One word substitute is Anatomy.

Anthropology: the study of human societies and cultures and their development.
Neurology: the branch of medicine or biology that deals with the anatomy, functions, and organic disorders of nerves and the nervous system.
Hygiene: conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness.
Anatomy: the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.