Education Abbreviations MCQ questions and answers | GK Abbreviations

Cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) is a language-related term developed by Jim Cummins which refers to formal academic learning, as opposed to BICS. In schools today, the terms BICS and CALP are most frequently used to discuss the language proficiency levels of students who are in the process of acquiring a new language. These students typically develop proficiency in BICS well before they acquire a strong grasp of CALP or academic language. As a result, students may initially appear fully proficient and fluent, while still struggling with significant language gaps.

College Reading & Learning Association (CRLA) is a group of student - oriented professionals active in the fields of reading, learning assistance, developmental education, tutoring, and mentoring at the college/adult level. CRLA’s most vital function and overall purpose is to provide a forum for the interchange of ideas, methods, and information to improve student learning and to facilitate the professional growth of its members.

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India, a premier national R&D organisation, is among the world's largest publicly funded R&D organisation. CSIR's pioneering sustained contribution to S&T human resource development is acclaimed nationally. Human Resource Development Group (HRDG), a division of CSIR realises this objective through various grants, fellowship schemes etc.

Curriculum Design and Development Committee (CDDC) of every Faculty of the University does curricular planning and implement strategies, develops innovative academic programmes as per speciality of the University and need, identifies emerging areas of academic engagement, decides whether academic programmes and courses are narrowly focused or adequately diversed revises of curriculum on periodic basis and follows feedback mechanism on curricular aspects.

Developmental education is a comprehensive research-based framework that empowers underprepared learners to achieve intellectual, social and emotional growth. Developmental education includes, but is not limited to, instruction, coursework, tutoring, personal counseling, career counseling and academic advisement.

Educational Testing Service (ETS) is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to help advance quality and equity in education by providing fair and valid assessments, research, and related services.

Educators and Health care professionals break mental handicap into multiple levels of need, based on the testable IQ of the person in question, and the resulting level of need they experience. High functioning individuals with a lower than average IQ fall into a classification known as educable mentally handicapped or educable mentally retarded.

English as a second or foreign language is the use of English by speakers with different native languages. Language education for people learning English may be known as English as a second language, English as a foreign language, English as an additional language, or English for speakers of other languages.

Founded in 1920, The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) is the world's largest mathematics education organization. NCTM holds annual national and regional conferences for teachers and publishes five journals.

ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. Although there is no single, universal definition of ICT, the term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components, applications and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact in the digital world.