Science Abbreviations MCQ questions and answers | GK Abbreviations

Frequency modulation (FM) is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. The technology is used in telecommunications, radio broadcasting, signal processing, and computing.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mt DNA).

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochloride. Originally developed as an insecticide, it became infamous for its environmental impacts. DDT was first synthesized in 1874 by the Austrian chemist Othmar Zeidler.

CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is a mixture of hydrocarbons consisting of approximately 80 to 90 % methane in gaseous form. Because of its low energy density, it is compressed to pressure of 200 to 250 Kg/cm² (to enhance the vehicle on-board storage in a cylinder), hence the name Compressed Natural Gas.

Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance, is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point-to-point (P2P), point-to-multipoint (P2MP), or mesh wired or wireless links. Even though almost all video cameras fit this definition, the term is most often applied to those used for surveillance in areas that require additional security or ongoing monitoring.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F), produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane. They are also commonly known by the DuPont brand name Freon.

Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB). It is named after its inventors Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin. In countries where TB or leprosy is common, one dose is recommended in healthy babies as soon after birth as possible. In areas where TB is not common, only children at high risk are typically immunized, while suspected cases of TB are individually tested for and treated.

Atomic weight is the relative weight of the atom on the basis of oxygen as 16. For a pure isotope, the atomic weight rounded off to the nearest integer gives the total number of neutrons and protons making up the atomic nucleus. These weights expressed in grams are called gram atomic weights.

Atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) is an analytical method used to determine the concentration of elements in samples. The sample is converted to gaseous atoms, and the element of interest is excited to a higher electronic energy level by a light source.

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is a spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements using the absorption of optical radiation (light) by free atoms in the gaseous state. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is based on absorption of light by free metallic ions.