Environmental Science In Agricultural MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The pollutants which are already present in nature but are released in substantial amounts by man are known as Quantitative pollutants.
These occur in nature and become pollutants when their concentration reaches beyond a threshold level. E.g. carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide. CO₂ is present in the environment in greater quantities than normal.

O₃ promotes oxidation of biochemicals and destruction of chlorenchyma.
Ozone (O₃) is the major oxidant of photochemical smog. Its biological effect is attributed to its ability to cause oxidation or peroxidation of biomolecules directly and/or via free radical reactions.
Ozone exposure reduces the overall productivity of plants, damaging cells and destroying leaf tissue. As a result, ozone exposure reduces the plant's ability to photosynthesize and produce their food.

Carbon monoxide is harmful to human beings as it is with higher affinity for haemoglobin as compared to oxygen.
Carbon monoxide has 210 times greater affinity for haemoglobin than oxygen. A small environmental concentration will thus cause toxic levels of carboxyhaemoglobin.
This interferes with oxygen delivery to the body's organs. The most common effects of CO exposure are fatigue, headaches, confusion, and dizziness due to inadequate oxygen delivery to the brain.

Ecological cycle directly driven by sunlight is Hydrologic.
Ecological system is a natural process in which elements are continuously cycled in various forms between different compartments of the environment. These have many biogeochemical cycles operating as a part of the system, for example, the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, etc. All chemical elements occurring in organisms are part of biogeochemical cycles.
Hydrologic cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

The establishment of national parks and sanctuaries come under Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
Ex-situ conservation means, "off-site conservation". It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat; for example, by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, an artificial environment which is similar to the natural habitat of the respective animal and within the care of humans, example is zoological parks and wildlife safaris.

Net productivity is Gross production - respiration.
Primary production is sometimes broken down into Net Primary Production (NPP) and Gross Primary Production (GPP). Net primary production measures the organic molecules by primary producers.
Net primary production also measures the amount of carbon assimilated into organic molecules by primary producers but does not include organic molecules that are then broken down again by the organism for biological processes such as cellular respiration. NPP = GPP - respiration [by plants]

The rate at which the chemical energy is stored by plants is known as Gross primary productivity.
Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of chemical energy, typically expressed as carbon biomass, that primary producers create in a given length of time. It is the total rate at which material is produced.
Some fraction of this fixed energy is used by primary producers for cellular respiration and maintenance of existing tissues.

Major forest types in India are tropical dry deciduous and Tropical moist deciduous.
Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests: These are a transitional type of forest between moist deciduous and thorn forests on the wetter side and thorn forests on the drier side. They thrive in harsh and highly fluctuating climates marked by low annual rainfall, 5 - 6 dry months per year, and nutrient-depleted soil. The tropical dry deciduous forests lie in central India including Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh.
Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests: They are not as thick and shed leaves at a specific time of the year. They are found in areas with rainfall of 70 - 200 cm. Some trees found in this region are Teak, Shisham, Sal, Neem, and Cinchona etc. Present in the areas having rainfall between 100 - 200 cm. Found in eastern slopes of Western Ghats, foothills of the Himalayas in the North-eastern States and Odisha.

Deforestation is the major causal agent of Desertification of habitat.
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use.
The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in habitat damage, biodiversity loss, and aridity. Deforestation causes extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of populations.

The chief products of decomposition of living bodies help in plant growth.
Decomposition is the process in which the organs and complex molecules of animal and human bodies break down into simple organic matter over time into the soil which helps in growth and development of plants.
The rate of decomposition is governed by three sets of factors these are the physical environment, the quantity and quality of the dead material available to decomposers, and the nature of the microbial community itself.