Soil Science MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

A Hartig net is a complex of fungal hyphae found in the intercellular spaces between the cortical cells of a root. It may cover the plant cell to the extent that the cell has no contact with other root cells.
Hartig net in the soil is produced by ectomycorrhiza. Ectomycorrihizas is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont and the roots of various species. The hyphae in the Hartig net penetrate and grow in a transverse direction to the axis of the root, and form a network between the outer cells of the root axis.

Resistance to pests and diseases is often provided by Potassium. Potassium is associated with the movement of water, nutrients and carbohydrates in plant tissues. It involves enzyme activation within the plant, which affects protein, starch, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.
Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens by pre-formed structures and chemicals and by infection - induced responses of the immune system.

Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia (NH⁺₄) to nitrite (NO^-₃) followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate. Both the processes occur in the presence of different microorganisms. It is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in the soil. It is an aerobic process performed by small groups of autotrophic bacteria.

Journal “Plant and Soil” is published by the Royal Netherlands Society of Agricultural Science (Netherlands). It is edited by Hans Lambers. It is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the relationships between Plant and soil, such as relationships and interactions of plants with minerals, water and microbes, the anatomy and morphology of roots, soil biology and ecology.

Use of hooks to pick and drop the sacks of fertilizer cause the greatest damage to it.
As hooks are the sharp objects which make holes in the bags which may allow air and water to react with the chemicals in the fertilizer.

Effective neutralizing value or ENV means a relative value using the calcium oxide content, magnesium oxide content, and fineness to express the effectiveness of the agricultural liming mineral in neutralizing soil acidity.
Dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium and magnesium carbonate.
Neutralizing value of Dolomite is 108.7

1 mEq of calcium = 0.5 mmol of elemental calcium
                            = 20 mg of elemental calcium per mEq.
Calcium can be measured by the amount of calcium salt or the amount of the elemental calcium in milligrams, in milliequivalents or millimoles.

Soil water potential is defined as "the amount of work that must be done per unit quantity of pure water to transport reversibly and isothermally to the soil water at a considered point, an infinitesimal quantity of water from a reference pool.
Soil water potential is the sum of four different components: gravitational potential + the matric potential + the pressure potential + the osmotic potential.
Soil water potential per unit mass is expressed as L²T².

Metamorphic rock arises from the transformation of existing rock into new types of rock in a process called metamorphosis. It makes up a large part of the Earth's crust and 12% of the Earth’s land surface.
The main forces governing the formation of metamorphic rocks are both Heat and pressure. These rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure and mineral-rich fluids.

Phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group, or ester derived from phosphoric acid. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO₄]^-3 is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons.
At soil pH around or more than 9, [PO₄]^-3 is the principle phosphate ion available in the soil.