Soil Science MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

P₂O₅ is Triple super phosphate and it is concentrated superphosphate. It contains 46% of P₂O₅.
This P₂O₅ in all fertilizers comes from Phosphate rock, a finite source formed over millions of years in the earth’s crust. About 90% of the world’s mined phosphate rock is used in agriculture and food production, mostly as fertilizer.

Apparent Nutrient Recovery is one of the more complex forms of NUE expressions and is defined as the difference in nutrient uptake in above-ground parts of the plants between the fertilized and unfertilized crop relative to the quantity of nutrient applied.
This can be calculated if you have values of Nutrients removed from the fertilized plot, nutrients removed from the unfertilized plot, and nutrients added.

Molybdate is a compound containing an oxoanion with molybdenum in its highest oxidation state of 6. Iron molybdate catalyst is a combination of the two oxides that produce the desired active and selective catalyst.
The molybdate reagent is a solution containing both the molybdate and vandate ions. It is commonly used in the determination of Phosphate ion content.

Soil crusting is a thin layer of dense and tough material. It is more compacted and packed than the underlying material.
Rain impact on exposed soil is the main cause of soil crusting. Rain separates the soil into very small aggregates and individual particles that cement into hard layers at the soil surface when drying occurs rapidly.
The problem of soil crusting is prevalent in Silty-clay loam soils.

Quartz is among the group of primary minerals that is highly resistant to weathering. Its high hardness and lack of cleavage make it quite resistant to mechanical weathering. Quartz is itself an agent of mechanical wreathing in the form of blowing desert sand.
However, Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earth’s surface.

The zinc equivalent calculation is as follows :
ZnEq = 100((Ag price in (g) × Ag Grade) + (Pb Price*2204.6 × Pb Grade(%)/100) + (Zn Price*2204.6 × (Zn Grade(%)/100))/Zn Price*2204.6). The numbers may not add due to rounding.
Zn - equivalent is related to Heavy metal toxicity.

Basidiomycetes white-rot fungi including Clavaria, Cephalosporium and Humicola all are responsible for efficient lignin degradation in wood decay processes. It produces extracellular enzymes that are lignin-modifying enzymes that activate the decomposition process of lignin.

A soil, which has a pH ranging from 8.5 to 10 and ESP (Exchangeable Sodium Percentage) is greater than 15 and EC (Electrical conductivity) less than 4m.mhos/cm, the soil is called Alkaline soil.
ESP is the relative amount of the sodium ion present on the soil surface, expressed as a percentage of the total cation exchange capacity (CEC).
Electrical conductivity (EC) is the measure of the number of salts in the soil.

The arbuscules are the most characteristic structures, formed intracellularly and probably having an absorptive function.
The vesicles are terminal swellings of hyphae formed inter and intracellularly having a storage function.
Vesicles and Arbuscles are found in Endomycorrhizae and Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM).
AM is a type of mycorrhiza in which the symbiont fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant forming arbuscles.
Endomycorhizae is the mutually symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots.

The solum (plural, sola) in the soil profile consists of the surface and subsoil layers that have undergone the same soil forming conditions. The base of the solum is the relatively un-weathered parent material.
The soil profile is a vertical section of the soil that contains all the secrets of the soil.
A soil profile having two sola, one above the other is known as Bisequem profile.